23-519: Lieutenant Colonel Sir Henry Lionel Galway , KCMG , DSO (25 September 1859 – 17 June 1949) was a British Army officer and the Governor of South Australia from 18 April 1914 until 30 April 1920. His name was Henry Lionel Gallwey until 1911. Henry Lionel Gallwey was born on 25 September 1859 at Alverstoke , Hampshire, England, to Lieutenant General Sir Thomas Lionel Gallwey and his second wife, Alicia Dorinda Lefanu, née MacDougall. He
46-570: A group of 15 members under the Liberal banner. Peake was elected as one of three members for the new seat of Victoria and Albert in May 1902, he held this seat until March 1915. At the 1905 election Peake sought a Liberal-Labor alliance: 'the only difference between us is a difference of degree and of speed'. Peake's group entered into a coalition with the Labor minority government of Thomas Price ,
69-531: A spectacularly controversial governor, and the Colonial Office did not give him another post. He returned to England later in 1920. In November 1911, Gallwey changed his surname to 'Galway'. On 26 August 1913 in London he married Baroness Marie Carola Franciska Roselyne d'Erlanger . He died on 17 June 1949, at the age of 89. Lieutenant colonel (United Kingdom) Lieutenant colonel ( Lt Col ),
92-508: Is a crown above a four-pointed "Bath" star , also colloquially referred to as a "pip" . The crown has varied in the past with different monarchs; the current one being the Tudor Crown. Most other Commonwealth countries use the same insignia, or with the state emblem replacing the crown. In the modern British Armed forces, the established commander of a regiment or battalion is a lieutenant colonel. From 1 April 1918 to 31 July 1919,
115-549: Is a rank in the British Army and Royal Marines which is also used in many Commonwealth countries. The rank is superior to major , and subordinate to colonel . The comparable Royal Navy rank is commander , and the comparable rank in the Royal Air Force and many Commonwealth air forces is wing commander . The rank insignia in the British Army and Royal Marines , as well as many Commonwealth countries,
138-635: The Farmers and Producers Political Union with representatives of both parties joining the Government. Labor was victorious, forming South Australia's first majority government at the 1910 election . In the same year, the LDU merged with the two independent conservative parties to form the Liberal Union under Peake's leadership. The parties readily approved the merger, however the LDU which salvaged
161-801: The Industrial arbitration court which established a minimum wage for state awards but limited the right to strike. During his premiership, he reached agreement with the Federal , New South Wales and Victorian Governments over the Murray River leading to the River Murray Commission which is now the Murray-Darling Basin Commission . Peake was a teetotaller Presbyterian who held a plebiscite establishing six o'clock closing for hotels in 1915 which became
184-697: The Oba of Benin , Ovonramwen , into signing a 'treaty of friendship' that would make the Kingdom of Benin a British colony. Instead, the oba issued an edict barring all British officials and traders from entering Benin territories. The 'Gallwey Treaty', although it was never signed, became the legal basis for the Benin Expedition of 1897 , which overthrew the Kingdom of Benin. Captain Gallwey commanded one of
207-490: The Price-Peake administration , holding the positions of Treasurer of South Australia and Attorney-General of South Australia . As Treasurer, he delivered three surplus budgets in a row as agricultural conditions improved. At the 1906 election , Labor came close to a majority in their own right. However, Peake and his party resisted a change to the arrangements and it was only his good relationships with Price that held
230-562: The Royal Air Force maintained the rank of lieutenant colonel. It was superseded by the rank of wing commander on the following day. Certain regiments of the British Army have honorary appointments as Regimental Lieutenant Colonel and Deputy Regimental Lieutenant Colonel . These are similar in nature and less in rank to Colonel of the Regiment . Archibald Peake Archibald Henry Peake (15 January 1859 – 6 April 1920)
253-700: The coalition together. Peake had formed the Liberal and Democratic Union (LDU) which had a network of branches in 1906. After Price's death, the Labor Party demanded the Premier position for its new leader John Verran . Peake refused and was able to form a Government which lasted for a year. The LDU relied on support from the two independent conservative parties, the Australasian National League (formerly National Defence League) and
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#1732776576714276-447: The fewest of their principles from the merger were more hesitant. Peake persuaded a party conference that 'the day of the middle party is passed', and approved the merger by just one vote. The Liberal Union was affiliated with the federal Commonwealth Liberal Party . Peake was elected as Premier at the 1912 election as Verran's Government had been unable to deal with a number of significant industrial disputes. Peake's Government created
299-624: The law in South Australia for the next fifty years. Peake lost to the Labor Party under Crawford Vaughan at the 1915 election and lost his seat. However, he was elected as Member for Alexandra and became Leader of the Opposition . Vaughan lost his majority after the Labor Party split over conscription . Peake became Premier of a coalition government of Liberal Union and National Labor members. This government reformed apprenticeship arrangements and reformed divorce laws. It won
322-552: The political establishment were aghast at his opposition to the White Australia Policy (on the grounds that the Northern Territory needed Asian workers). For this last opinion, he was forced to issue a full retraction and apology. A speech in 1915 in which Galway suggested that trade unionists should be conscripted and sent to the front was widely criticised and gave local cartoonists a field day. It
345-694: The three columns of the expedition. Gallwey was often mentioned in despatches during this time, and was rewarded with the Distinguished Service Order (DSO; 1896), appointment as Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG; 1899) and promotion to major (1897). Gallwey was attached as a political officer to the staff of the British Field Force during the Aro-Anglo war from November 1901 until March 1902 and
368-542: Was an Australian politician . He was Premier of South Australia on three occasions: from 1909 to 1910 for the Liberal and Democratic Union , and from 1912 to 1915 and 1917 to 1920 for its successor, the Liberal Union . He had also been Treasurer and Attorney-General in the Price-Peake coalition government from 1905 to 1909. Peake's family migrated from Chelsea , London in 1862, initially settled in Victoria , before moving to South Australia two years later. Peake
391-485: Was considering a proposal to build a national war memorial on the site of Government House, Adelaide , with a new vice-regal residence to be purchased in the suburbs. Galway managed to dissuade Peake from this scheme, and the war memorial was built in a corner of the grounds of Government House. Galway's appointment was not renewed when it expired in 1920; although he was liked by the Adelaide establishment, he had been
414-571: Was educated at Cheltenham College . After attending the Royal Military College, Sandhurst , Gallwey was commissioned in 1878. He served as an aide-de-camp to the governors of Bermuda , being promoted to captain in 1887. Gallwey was appointed deputy commissioner and vice-consul in the newly established Oil Rivers Protectorate (later the Niger Coast Protectorate ) in 1891. In March 1892, he failed to convince
437-633: Was educated at state schools under his father, but in later life widened his education by studying in English history and literature. He entered the service of the District Council of Naracoorte , became district clerk in 1878. In 1893 he contested Albert in an election for the House of Assembly and was beaten by 50 votes, but four years later won the seat by two votes. He resigned his position as district clerk when he entered politics, and afterward
460-485: Was eventually Galway's support for conscription that saved his governorship; the legislature decided that his efforts to increase voluntary recruitment for the First World War , as well as his support for conscription referendums, warranted keeping him in the role. A motion in the legislature by the Labor opposition in 1917 calling for the abolition of his office failed. After the war, Premier Archibald Peake
483-634: Was in business at Mount Barker as a member of the firm of auctioneers, Monks and Peake. Peake was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly as the Member for Albert representing Naracoorte. After his election, Peake was at first an independent supporting the Liberal Governments of Charles Kingston and Frederick Holder . He became disillusioned with the Government of John Jenkins leading him to become leader of
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#1732776576714506-621: Was mentioned in despatches by the High Commissioner to Southern Nigeria. Given the rank of lieutenant colonel when he was placed on half-pay in 1901, Gallwey retired from the army in December 1902. Gallwey was in November 1902 appointed as governor and commander-in-chief of the island of Saint Helena , where he revived capital punishment . Appointed Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in 1910, he
529-580: Was transferred to be governor of the Gambia in 1911. Galway was appointed Governor of South Australia in 1914. He resented the limitations placed upon a constitutional governor, and his governorship was defined by controversy. He managed to anger a wide spectrum of the population. The general public disliked his support of compulsory military training; puritans were angered by his support for gambling and his opposition to prohibition ; progressives were infuriated by his opposition to women's enfranchisement; and
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