83-513: Henry Villard (April 10, 1835 – November 12, 1900) was an American journalist and financier who was an influential leader and the sixth president of the Northern Pacific Railway (1881–1884) which completed its trans-continental route during his tenure in 1883. Born and raised by Ferdinand Heinrich Gustav Hilgard in the historic ancient Roman Empire border fortification, then Medieval / Middle Ages town of Speyer , along
166-483: A Federalist and Founding Father who was appointed the nation's first Secretary of the Treasury by George Washington . The newspaper became a respected broadsheet in the 19th century, under the name New York Evening Post (originally New-York Evening Post ). Its most notable 19th-century editor was William Cullen Bryant . In the mid-20th century, the newspaper was owned by Dorothy Schiff , who developed
249-475: A newsroom , from home or outside to witness events or interview people. Reporters may be assigned a specific beat (area of coverage). Matthew C. Nisbet , who has written on science communication , has defined a "knowledge journalist" as a public intellectual who, like Walter Lippmann , Fareed Zakaria , Naomi Klein , Michael Pollan , and Andrew Revkin , sees their role as researching complicated issues of fact or science which most laymen would not have
332-643: A United States high school ) in Zweibrücken in 1848, which he had to leave because he sympathized with the revolutions of 1848 in Germany . He had broken up a class by refusing to mention the King of Bavaria in a prayer, justifying his omission by citing his loyalty to the provisional government. Another time, after watching a session of the Frankfurt Parliament , he came home in a Hecker hat with
415-543: A career in journalism. He supported famed Western explorer ("The Pathfinder") and military officer in the United States Army of John C. Frémont (1813–1890), of the newly established Republican Party in his first presidential candidate campaign representing the new political party in the 1856 presidential election , and four years later followed former U.S. Representative (congressman) from Springfield, Illinois of Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865), in his bid for
498-665: A colony of " free soil " Germans in Kansas . In 1856-57 he was editor, and for part of the time was proprietor of the Racine Volksblatt , in which he advocated the election of presidential candidate John C. Frémont of the newly founded Republican Party . Thereafter he was associated with the New Yorker Staats-Zeitung , for which he covered the Lincoln-Douglas debates ; Frank Leslie's ;
581-527: A diplomat and the editor of the New York Tribune , and the daughter of Darius Ogden Mills and the sister of Ogden Mills , bankers and financiers. Journalist A journalist is a person who gathers information in the form of text, audio or pictures, processes it into a newsworthy form and disseminates it to the public. This is called journalism . Journalists can be broadcast, print, advertising or public relations personnel. Depending on
664-645: A group of investors in the autumn of 1801 as the New-York Evening Post , a broadsheet . Hamilton's co-investors included other New York members of the Federalist Party , including Robert Troup and Oliver Wolcott who were dismayed by the election of Thomas Jefferson as U.S. president and the rise in popularity of the Democratic-Republican Party . At a meeting held at Archibald Gracie 's weekend villa, which
747-500: A news media that tended to oversimplify issues and to reinforce stereotypes , partisan viewpoints and prejudices . As a consequence, Lippmann believed that the public needed journalists like himself who could serve as expert analysts, guiding "citizens to a deeper understanding of what was really important". In 2018, the United States Department of Labor's Occupational Outlook Handbook reported that employment for
830-403: A professional journalist and a source can be rather complex, and a source can sometimes have an effect on an article written by the journalist. The article 'A Compromised Fourth Estate' uses Herbert Gans' metaphor to capture their relationship. He uses a dance metaphor, "The Tango", to illustrate the co-operative nature of their interactions inasmuch as "It takes two to tango". Herbert suggests that
913-519: A real-estate magnate with no experience in the media industry. In 1988, the Post hired Jane Amsterdam , founding editor of Manhattan, inc. , as its first female editor, and within six months the paper had toned down the sensationalist headlines. Within a year, Amsterdam was forced out by Kalikow, who reportedly told her "credible doesn't sell...Your big scoops are great, but they don't sell more papers." In 1993, after Kalikow declared bankruptcy,
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#1732790077092996-530: A red feather in it. Two of his uncles were strongly in sympathy with the revolution, but his father was a conservative, and disciplined him by sending the boy to continue his education at the French semi-military academy in Phalsbourg (1849–50). Originally his punishment was to be apprenticed, but his father compromised on the military school. Villard showed up for classes a month early so he could be tutored in
1079-496: A revolutionary, but as the anarchist holding the match." The Post characterized Trump attorney Sidney Powell as a "crazy person", and his former national security advisor Michael Flynn 's suggestion to declare martial law as "tantamount to treason." In January 2021, Keith Poole, a top editor at The Sun , another Murdoch-owned tabloid, was appointed as the editor in chief of the New York Post Group. Around
1162-529: A school for nurses. He devoted large sums to the Industrial Art School of Rhenish Bavaria , and to the foundation of fifteen scholarships for the youth of that province. He supported archaeologist Adolph Bandelier in his research on South American history and archaeology. In January 1866, he married women's suffrage advocate Helen Frances Garrison (1844–1928), the only daughter of abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison . Together, they were
1245-510: A single teardrop running down his cheek, the Post was again purchased in 1993 by Murdoch's News Corporation. This came about after numerous political officials, including Democratic governor of New York Mario Cuomo , persuaded the Federal Communications Commission to grant Murdoch a permanent waiver from the cross-ownership rules that had forced him to sell the paper five years earlier. Without this FCC ruling,
1328-616: Is now Gracie Mansion , Hamilton recruited the first investors for the new paper. Hamilton chose William Coleman as his first editor. The most notable 19th-century Evening Post editor was the poet and abolitionist William Cullen Bryant . So well respected was the Evening Post under Bryant's editorship, it received praise from the English philosopher John Stuart Mill , in 1864. In addition to literary and drama reviews, William Leggett began to write political editorials for
1411-725: The Columbia . Although hesitant at first, Edison eventually agreed to Villard's request. After being mostly completed at the John Roach & Sons shipyard in Chester, Pennsylvania , the Columbia was sent to New York City, where Edison and his personnel installed its lighting system. This made Columbia the first commercial application of Edison's light bulb. With the aid of the Oregon and Transcontinental Company, his railroad line to
1494-472: The Ladies Home Journal , purchased the Evening Post and briefly turned it into a non-sensational tabloid nine years later, in 1933. In 1928, Wilella Waldorf became drama editor at the Evening Post . She was one of the first women to hold an editorial role at the newspaper, During her time at the Evening Post , she was the only female first-string critic on a New York newspaper. She
1577-542: The New York Evening Post and The Nation . Villard installed a triumverate of editors, consisting of his friends Carl Schurz , Edwin L. Godkin and Horace White . White also helped manage Villard's railroad and steamship interests 1876–1891. They had met as newspaper reporters during the Civil War. Villard had also had a hand in the large electric power business founded by Thomas Edison , merging
1660-671: The New York Tribune ; and with the Cincinnati Commercial Gazette . In 1859, as correspondent of the Commercial , he visited the newly discovered gold region of Colorado . On his return in 1860, he published The Pike's Peak Gold Regions . He also sent statistics to the New York Herald that were intended to influence the location of a Pacific railroad route. He followed Lincoln throughout
1743-649: The American Museum of Natural History . In Speyer he was a main benefactor for the construction of the Memorial Church and a new hospital. There he is still known as Heinrich Hilgard, and a street is named after him (Hilgardstrasse). He has been honoured with the freedom of the city , and there is a bust of him on the compound of the Speyer Diakonissen Hospital. In Zweibrücken he built an orphanage in 1891. He has also financed
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#17327900770921826-693: The American Presidency in the 1860 presidential election campaign . Villard became a war correspondent , first covering the ensuing American Civil War (1861–1865), and later being sent back overseas by the Chicago Tribune to Europe (because of his childhood experiences and knowledge of foreign languages) to also cover the brief Austro-Prussian War in 1866, between two German-speaking totalitarian / authoritarian regimes fighting for political supremacy in Central Europe . It
1909-653: The COVID-19 pandemic had given governments around the world the chance “to take advantage of the fact that politics are on hold, the public is stunned and protests are out of the question, in order to impose measures that would be impossible in normal times”. In 2023 the closure of local newspapers in the US accelerated to an average of 2.5 per week, leaving more than 200 US counties as “news deserts” and meaning that more than half of all U.S. counties had limited access to reliable local news and information, according to researchers at
1992-924: The Committee to Protect Journalists and Reporters Without Borders publish reports on press freedom and advocate for journalistic freedom. As of November 2024, the Committee to Protect Journalists reports that 1625 journalists have been killed worldwide since 1992 by murder (71%), crossfire or combat (17%), or on dangerous assignment (11%). The "ten deadliest countries" for journalists since 1992 have been Iraq (230 deaths), Philippines (109), Russia (77), Colombia (76), Mexico (69), Algeria (61), Pakistan (59), India (49), Somalia (45), Brazil (31) and Sri Lanka (30). The Committee to Protect Journalists also reports that as of 1 December 2010, 145 journalists were jailed worldwide for journalistic activities. Current numbers are even higher. The ten countries with
2075-729: The Edison Electric Light Company , Edison Lamp Company of Newark, New Jersey , and the Edison Machine Works at Schenectady, New York , to form the Edison General Electric Company . Villard was the president of this concern until 1892 when he was forced out after financier J. P. Morgan engineered a merger with the Thomson-Houston Electric Company that put that company's board in control of
2158-428: The Evening Post ended in 1879, when it was learned that he had defrauded Bryant the entire time. Henderson Jr. sold his interest in the newspaper in 1881. In 1881, Henry Villard took control of the Evening Post and The Nation , which became the Post ' s weekly edition. With this acquisition, the paper was managed by the triumvirate of Carl Schurz , Horace White , and Edwin L. Godkin . When Schurz left
2241-596: The French language beforehand by the novelist Alexandre Chatrian . On emigrating to America, he adopted the name Villard, the surname of a French schoolmate at Phalsbourg, to conceal his identity from anyone intent on making him return to Germany. Making his way westward in 1854, he lived in turn at Cincinnati ; Belleville, Illinois , and Peoria, Illinois , where he studied law for a time; and Chicago where he wrote for newspapers. Along with newspaper reporting and various jobs, in 1856 he attempted unsuccessfully to establish
2324-450: The Hamas attack , Russian invasion of Ukraine and the presidential election . American consumers turned away from journalists at legacy organizations as social media became a common news source. Journalists sometimes expose themselves to danger, particularly when reporting in areas of armed conflict or in states that do not respect the freedom of the press . Organizations such as
2407-597: The Hudson River , was renovated by Charles Follen McKim of McKim, Mead and White in the early 1880s. In 1884, Villard hired Joseph M. Wells of the architecture firm McKim, Mead and White to design and construct the Villard Houses , which appear as one building but in fact is six separate residences. The houses are located at 455 Madison Avenue between 50th and 51st Street in Manhattan with four of
2490-610: The Medill School of Journalism, Media, Integrated Marketing Communications at Northwestern University . In January 2024, The Los Angeles Times , Time magazine and National Geographic all conducted layoffs, and Condé Nast journalists went on strike over proposed job cuts. The Los Angeles Times laid off more than 20% of the newsroom. CNN , Sports Illustrated and NBC News shed employees in early 2024. The New York Times reported that Americans were suffering from “news fatigue” due to coverage of major news stories like
2573-602: The Northern Pacific Railway , which had begun its extension into the Washington Territory , Villard used his Columbia River steamship line as his railroad's outlet to the Pacific Ocean. He then succeeded in obtaining a controlling interest in the Northern Pacific property, and organized a new corporation that was named the Oregon and Transcontinental Company. This acquisition was achieved with
Henry Villard - Misplaced Pages Continue
2656-824: The Paris Exposition . At the close of the Civil War, he married Helen Frances Garrison , the daughter of the anti-slavery campaigner William Lloyd Garrison , on January 3, 1866. He returned to the United States from his correspondent duties in Europe in June 1868, and shortly afterward was elected secretary of the American Social Science Association , to which he devoted his labors until 1870, when he went to Germany for his health. In Germany, while living at Wiesbaden , he engaged in
2739-412: The Post announced plans to change its Monday through Saturday publication schedule and begin issuing a Sunday edition, which it last published briefly in 1989. On April 14, 1996, the Post delivered its new Sunday edition at the cost of 50 cents per paper by keeping its size to 120 pages. The amount, significantly less than Sunday editions from The New York Daily News and The New York Times ,
2822-634: The Post . Leggett's espoused a fierce opposition to central banking and support for the organization of labor unions. He was a member of the Equal Rights Party . In 1831, he became a co-owner and editor of the Post , eventually working as sole editor of the newspaper while Bryant traveled in Europe in 1834 and 1835. Two additional co-owners of the paper were John Bigelow and Issac Henderson. Born in Malden-on-Hudson, New York , Bigelow graduated in 1835 from Union College, where he
2905-669: The Rhine River in the Rhenish Palatinate of the Kingdom of Bavaria . Villard clashed with his more conservative father over politics and was sent to a semi-military academy across the border in northeastern France. As a teenager, he emigrated to the United States in the 1850s without his parents' knowledge. He changed his name to Henry Villard, the name of a French classmate, to avoid being sent back to Europe, and began making his way west, briefly studying law as he developed
2988-463: The wire services , in radio , or for news magazines . New York Evening Post The New York Post ( NY Post ) is an American conservative daily tabloid newspaper published in New York City . The Post also operates three online sites: NYPost.com; PageSix.com, a gossip site; and Decider.com, an entertainment site. The newspaper was founded in 1801 by Alexander Hamilton ,
3071-628: The 1860 presidential campaign, and was on the presidential train to Washington in 1861. He became a principal correspondent of the New York Herald in 1861. The young Villard was not content with working for a single newspaper and became a pioneer of newspaper syndication. During the Civil War , he was correspondent for the New York Tribune (with the Army of the Potomac , 1862–63) and was at
3154-484: The 1980s. In October 2020, the Post endorsed Trump for re-election, citing his "promises made, promises kept" policy. Weeks after Trump was defeated and sought to overturn the election results , the Post published a front-page editorial, asking Trump to "stop the insanity", stating that he was "cheering for an undemocratic coup", writing, "If you insist on spending your final days in office threatening to burn it all down, that will be how you are remembered. Not as
3237-494: The Civil War and European wars In the late 1860s. He married women's suffrage advocate Helen Frances Garrison (nicknamed "Fanny") and the daughter of famed newspaper publisher and slavery abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison (1805–1879), and returned to the U.S., only to go back to Germany several years later for his health in 1870. While in Germany, Villard became involved in investments in American railroads, and returned to
3320-514: The Hilgard clan. His granduncle Theodore Erasmus Hilgard had emigrated to the United States during a clan move of 1833–1835 to Belleville, Illinois ; the granduncle had resigned a judgeship so his children could be raised as "freemen." Villard was also a distant relative of the physician and botanist George Engelmann who resided in St. Louis, Missouri . Villard entered a Gymnasium (equivalent of
3403-514: The Pacific Ocean was completed, and it was opened to traffic with festivities in September 1883. The project had cost more than expected, and some months later these companies experienced a financial collapse. Villard's financial embarrassment caused the collapse of the stock exchange firm of Decker, Howell, & Co., and Villard's attorney, William Nelson Cromwell, used $ 1,000,000 to promptly settle with creditors. On 4 January 1884, Villard resigned
Henry Villard - Misplaced Pages Continue
3486-585: The U.S. in 1874 to oversee German investments in the Oregon and California Railroad . He visited Oregon that summer, and being impressed with the region's natural resources, began acquiring various transportation interests in the region. During the ensuing decade he acquired several rail and steamship companies, and pursued a rail line from Portland to the Pacific Ocean; he was successful, but the line cost more than anticipated, causing financial turmoil. Villard returned to Europe, helping German investors acquire stakes in
3569-556: The aid of a syndicate, called by the press a "blind pool", composed of friends who had loaned him $ 20 million without knowing his intentions. After some contention with the old managers of the Northern Pacific road, Villard was elected president of a reorganized board of directors on 15 September 1881. After attending Thomas Edison 's 1879 Menlo Park, New Jersey , New Year's Eve demonstration of his incandescent light bulb , Villard requested that Edison install one of his lighting systems onboard Oregon Railroad and Navigation's new steamship,
3652-772: The category "reporters, correspondents and broadcast news analysts" will decline 9 percent between 2016 and 2026. A worldwide sample of 27,500 journalists in 67 countries in 2012–2016 produced the following profile: In 2019 the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Digital News Report described the future for journalists in South Africa as “grim” because of low online revenue and plummeting advertising. In 2020 Reporters Without Borders secretary general Christophe Deloire said journalists in developing countries were suffering political interference because
3735-531: The country reportedly go unsolved. Bulgarian Victoria Marinova was beaten, raped and strangled. Saudi Arabian dissident Jamal Khashoggi was killed inside Saudi Arabia's consulate in Istanbul. From 2008 to 2019, Freedom Forum 's now-defunct Newseum in Washington, D.C. featured a Journalists Memorial which honored several thousand journalists around the world who had died or were killed while reporting
3818-438: The failure of the competing World Journal Tribune ; however, the rising cost of operating an afternoon daily in a city with worsening daytime traffic congestion, combined with mounting competition from expanded local radio and TV news cut into the Post ' s profitability, though it made money from 1949 until Schiff's final year of ownership, when it lost $ 500,000. The paper has lost money ever since. In late October 1995,
3901-579: The form of a targeted sexual violation, often in reprisal for their work. Mob-related sexual violence aimed against journalists covering public events; or the sexual abuse of journalists in detention or captivity. Many of these crimes are not reported as a result of powerful cultural and professional stigmas. Increasingly, journalists (particularly women) are abused and harassed online, via hate speech , cyber-bullying , cyber-stalking , doxing, trolling, public shaming , intimidation and threats. According to Reporters Without Borders ' 2018 annual report, it
3984-523: The form of journalism, "journalist" may also describe various categories of people by the roles they play in the process. These include reporters, correspondents , citizen journalists , editors , editorial writers , columnists and photojournalists . A reporter is a type of journalist who researches , writes and reports on information in order to present using sources . This may entail conducting interviews , information-gathering and/or writing articles. Reporters may split their time between working in
4067-496: The fourth estate being driven by the fifth estate of public relations. Journalists can face violence and intimidation for exercising their fundamental right to freedom of expression . The range of threats they are confronted with include murder, kidnapping , hostage-taking, offline and online harassment, intimidation , enforced disappearances, arbitrary detention and torture. Women in journalism also face specific dangers and are especially vulnerable to sexual assault, whether in
4150-501: The front as the representative of a news agency established by him in that year at Washington (1864). Out of his experiences reporting the Civil War, he became a confirmed pacifist. In 1865, when Horace White became managing editor of the Chicago Tribune , Villard became its Washington correspondent. In 1866, he was the correspondent of that paper in the Prusso-Austrian War . He stayed on in Europe in 1867 to report on
4233-526: The head of the economics department at the City College of New York and the first male president of Planned Parenthood of New York City, and Oswald Garrison Villard Jr. (1916–2004), a professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University . In the late 1870s, Villard bought an old country estate known as "Thorwood Park" in Dobbs Ferry, New York . The home, which featured sweeping views of
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#17327900770924316-643: The highest ratings of a nationally syndicated entertainment newsmagazine in a decade when it debuted in 2017. With Page Six TV ' s success, the New York Post formed New York Post Entertainment, a scripted and unscripted television entertainment division, in July 2018 with Troy Searer as president. In 2017, the New York Post was reported to be the preferred newspaper of U.S. president Donald Trump , who maintains frequent contact with its owner Murdoch. The Post promoted Trump's celebrity since at least
4399-569: The homes opening onto the courtyard facing Madison, while the other two had entrances on 51st Street. The homes are in the Romanesque Revival style with neo- Renaissance touches and feature elaborate interiors by prominent artists including John La Farge , Augustus Saint-Gaudens , and Maitland Armstrong . After Villard's bankruptcy, the Villard House was purchased by Elisabeth Mills Reid (1857–1931), wife of Whitelaw Reid ,
4482-404: The largest number of currently-imprisoned journalists are Turkey (95), China (34), Iran (34), Eritrea (17), Burma (13), Uzbekistan (6), Vietnam (5), Cuba (4), Ethiopia (4) and Sudan (3). Apart from physical harm, journalists are harmed psychologically. This applies especially to war reporters, but their editorial offices at home often do not know how to deal appropriately with
4565-595: The negotiation of American railroad securities. After the Panic of 1873 , when many railroad companies defaulted in the payment of interest, he joined several committees of German bond holders, doing the major part of the committee work, and in April 1874 he returned to the United States to represent his constituents, and especially to execute an arrangement with the Oregon and California Railroad Company. Villard first visited Portland, Oregon , in July 1874. On visiting Oregon, he
4648-604: The new enterprise, renamed General Electric . In 1883, he paid the debt of the University of Oregon , and gave the institution $ 50,000. As the University of Oregon 's first benefactor, he had Villard Hall , the second building on campus, named after him. He liberally aided the University of Washington Territory. He also aided Harvard University , Columbia University , the Metropolitan Museum of Art and
4731-478: The news section to Paul Sann and stayed on as editorial page editor until 1980. Under Schiff's tenure the Post was seen to have liberal tilt, supporting trade unions and social welfare, and featured some of the most popular columnists of the time, such as Joseph Cookman , Drew Pearson , Eleanor Roosevelt , Max Lerner , Murray Kempton , Pete Hamill , and Eric Sevareid , theatre critic Richard Watts Jr. , and gossip columnist Earl Wilson . In November 1976, it
4814-870: The news. After the Newseum closed in December 2019, supporters of freedom of the press persuaded the United States Congress in December 2020 to authorize the construction of a memorial to fallen journalists on public land with private funds. By May 2023, the Fallen Journalists Memorial Foundation had begun the design of the memorial. In the US, nearly all journalists have attended university, but only about half majored in journalism. Journalists who work in television or for newspapers are more likely to have studied journalism in college than journalists working for
4897-434: The newspaper's circulation. The new owner was Thomas Lamont , a senior partner in the Wall Street firm of J.P. Morgan & Co. Unable to stem the paper's financial losses, he sold it to a consortium of 34 financial and reform political leaders, headed by Edwin Francis Gay , dean of the Harvard Business School , whose members included Franklin D. Roosevelt . In 1924, conservative Cyrus H. K. Curtis , publisher of
4980-454: The paper in 1883, Godkin became editor-in-chief. White became editor-in-chief in 1899, and remained in that role until his retirement in 1903. In 1897, both publications passed to the management of Villard's son, Oswald Garrison Villard , a founding member of both the NAACP and the American Anti-Imperialist League . Villard sold the newspaper in 1918 following widespread allegations of pro- German sympathies during World War I hurt
5063-413: The paper was temporarily managed by Steven Hoffenberg , a financier who later pleaded guilty to securities fraud , and for two weeks by Abe Hirschfeld , who made his fortune building parking garages. Following a staff revolt against the Hoffenberg-Hirschfeld partnership, which included publication of an issue whose front page featured the iconic masthead picture of founder Alexander Hamilton with
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#17327900770925146-430: The paper would have shut down. In December 2012, Murdoch announced that Jesse Angelo had been appointed publisher. Various branches of Murdoch's media groups, 21st Century Fox 's Endemol Shine North America , and News Corp 's New York Post created a Page Six TV nightly gossip show based on and named after the Post's gossip section. A test run in July would occur on Fox Television Stations . The show garnered
5229-427: The paper. Her husband George Backer was named editor and publisher. Her second editor and third husband Ted Thackrey became co-publisher and co-editor with Schiff in 1942. Together, they recast the newspaper into its modern-day tabloid format. In 1948, The Bronx Home News merged with it. In 1949, James Wechsler became editor of the paper, running both the news and the editorial pages. In 1961, he turned over
5312-449: The parents of: Henry Villard died of a stroke at his country home, Thorwood Park, in Dobbs Ferry, New York . He was interred in the Sleepy Hollow Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, New York . His autobiography was published posthumously, in 1904. The monument at his grave site was executed by Karl Bitter . Three years after his death, his daughter Helen brought a suit against the executors and trustees of his will. She claimed that Villard
5395-413: The presidency of the Northern Pacific. After spending the intervening time in Europe, he returned to New York City in 1886, and purchased for German capitalists large amounts of the securities of the transportation system that he was instrumental in creating, becoming again director of the Northern Pacific, and on 21 June 1888, again president of the Oregon and Transcontinental Company. In 1881, he acquired
5478-403: The property. He also acquired that of the Oregon Steam Navigation Company , which operated fleets of steamers and portage railroads on the Columbia River . The three companies that he controlled were amalgamated under the name of the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company . He began the construction of a railroad up Columbia River. On failing in his effort to obtain a permanent agreement with
5561-606: The reporters they expose to danger. Hence, a systematic and sustainable way of psychological support for traumatized journalists is strongly needed. Few and fragmented support programs exist so far. On 8 August 2023, Iran's Journalists' Day, Tehran Journalists' Association head Akbar Montajabi noted over 100 journalists arrested amid protests, while HamMihan newspaper exposed repression against 76 media workers since September 2022 following Mahsa Amini's death-triggered mass protests, leading to legal consequences for journalists including Niloufar Hamedi and Elaheh. The relationship between
5644-460: The representative of European creditors. He was removed in 1878, but continued the contest he had begun with Jay Gould and finally obtained better terms for the bond holders than they had agreed to accept. The Pacific Northwest was the booming sector of American expansion. European investors in the Oregon and San Francisco Steamship Line , after building new vessels, became discouraged, and in 1879 Villard formed an American syndicate and purchased
5727-453: The right to attack the will. An appeal was rejected by the courts in 1910. Through his son Harold, he was the grandfather of Henry Serrano Villard (1900–1996), the foreign service officer and ambassador , and Vincent Serrano Villard, and Mariquita Villard Platov. Through his son Oswald, he was the grandfather of Dorothea Marshall Villard Hammond (1907–1994), a member of the American University in Cairo , Henry Hilgard Villard (1911–1983),
5810-513: The source often leads, but journalists commonly object to this notion for two reasons: The dance metaphor goes on to state: A relationship with sources that is too cozy is potentially compromising of journalists' integrity and risks becoming collusive. Journalists have typically favored a more robust, conflict model, based on a crucial assumption that if the media are to function as watchdogs of powerful economic and political interests, journalists must establish their independence of sources or risk
5893-415: The tabloid format that has been used since by the newspaper. In 1976, Rupert Murdoch 's News Corp bought the Post for US$ 30.5 million (equivalent to $ 163 million in 2023). As of 2023, the New York Post is the fourth-largest newspaper by print circulation among all U.S. newspapers. The Post was founded by Alexander Hamilton with about US$ 10,000 (equivalent to $ 183,120 in 2023) from
5976-532: The time or access to information to research themselves, then communicating an accurate and understandable version to the public as a teacher and policy advisor. In his best-known books, Public Opinion (1922) and The Phantom Public (1925), Lippmann argued that most people lacked the capacity, time and motivation to follow and analyze news of the many complex policy questions that troubled society. Nor did they often experience most social problems or directly access expert insights. These limitations were made worse by
6059-461: The transportation network, and returned to New York in 1886. Also in the 1880s, Villard acquired the New York Evening Post and The Nation , and established the predecessor of General Electric . He was the first benefactor of the University of Oregon , and contributed to other universities, churches, hospitals, and orphanages. He died of a stroke at his country home in New York in 1900. He
6142-544: The unification campaign to create a new centralized German Empire in Central Europe . This occurred four years later in Paris after a similar defeat of rival Emperor Napoleon III of the Second French Empire and his French Army military forces of France in the subsequent Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871. He became a pacifist as a result of his experiences covering the two conflicts at home and abroad of
6225-562: Was a member of the Sigma Phi Society and the Philomathean Society, and was admitted to the bar in 1838. From 1849 to 1861, he was one of the editors and co-owners of the Evening Post . In 1877, this led to the involvement of his son Isaac Henderson Jr., who became the paper's publisher, stockholder, and member of its board, just five years after graduating from college. Henderson Sr.'s 33-year tenure with
6308-400: Was also significant because with the quick decisive Prussian military victory over the neighboring Austrian Empire enabled the rising Kingdom of Prussia under dynamic Chancellor Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898, served Prussia 1862–1871 / Imperial Germany 1871–1890), to exclude Austria and its ruling Habsburg imperial dynasty from future German affairs and to then lead and dominate
6391-467: Was announced that Australian Rupert Murdoch had bought the Post from Schiff with the intention that Schiff would be retained as a consultant for five years. In 2005, it was reported that Murdoch bought the newspaper for US$ 30.5 million. The Post at this point was the only surviving afternoon daily in New York City and its circulation under Schiff had grown by two-thirds, particularly after
6474-609: Was born in Speyer , Palatinate , Kingdom of Bavaria . His parents moved to Zweibrücken in 1839, and in 1856 his father, Gustav Leonhard Hilgard (who died in 1867), became a justice of the Supreme Court of Bavaria, at Munich. He belonged to the Reformed Church . His mother, Katharina Antonia Elisabeth (Lisette) Pfeiffer, was Catholic . While he had aristocratic tendencies, he shared the republican interests of much of
6557-562: Was impressed with the natural wealth of the region, and conceived the plan of gaining control of its few transportation routes. His clients, who were also large creditors also of the Oregon Steamship Company, approved his scheme, and in 1875 Villard became president of both the steamship company and the Oregon and California Railroad . In 1876, he was appointed a receiver of the Kansas Pacific Railway as
6640-501: Was of unsound mind when he made the will and was the result of fraudulent influence exercised over him by his wife and his two sons. In the will, she was only left $ 25,000 due to the fact the she married against her father's wishes. She contended that there was no mention of the $ 200,000 worth of securities she said her father claimed to have left her. Helen lost her suit as the Judge ruled in 1905 that her delay in filing suit had forfeited
6723-542: Was part of the Post ' s efforts "to find a niche in the nation's most competitive newspaper market". Because of the institution of federal regulations limiting media cross-ownership after Murdoch's purchase of WNEW-TV, which is now WNYW , and four other stations from Metromedia to launch the Fox Broadcasting Company , Murdoch was forced to sell the paper for $ 37.6 million in 1988 (equivalent to $ 96.9 million in 2023) to Peter S. Kalikow ,
6806-443: Was preceded by Clara Savage Littledale , the first woman reporter ever hired by the Post and the editor of the woman's page in 1914. In 1934, J. David Stern purchased the paper, changed its name to the New York Post , and restored its broadsheet size and liberal perspective. For four months of that same year, future U.S. Senator from Alaska Ernest Gruening was an editor of the paper. In 1939, Dorothy Schiff purchased
6889-495: Was the worst year on record for deadly violence and abuse toward journalists; there was a 15 percent increase in such killings since 2017, with 80 killed, 348 imprisoned and 60 held hostage. Yaser Murtaja was shot by an Israeli army sniper. Rubén Pat was gunned down outside a beach bar in Mexico. Mexico was described by Reporters Without Borders as "one of world's deadliest countries for the media"; 90% of attacks on journalists in
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