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29-566: Heraclides , Heracleides or Herakleides (Greek: Ἡρακλείδης ) in origin was any individual of the legendary clan of the Heracleidae , the mythological patronymic applying to persons descended from Hercules . As they were of the legendary tribe of the Dorians , the name in the classical age could mean anyone of Dorian background. The Dorians had their own group of dialects, which may or may not have been spoken by given individuals. Usage of

58-522: A joint invasion of Peloponnesus by Aetolians and Dorians, the latter having been driven southward from their original northern home under pressure from the Thessalians . It is noticeable that there is no dominant mention of these Heracleidae or their invasion in Homer or Hesiod . Herodotus (vi. 52) speaks of poets who had celebrated their deeds, but these were limited to events immediately succeeding

87-489: A man with three eyes to act as guide. On his way back to Naupactus, Temenus fell in with Oxylus , an Aetolian , who had lost one eye, riding on a horse (or mule) (thus making up the three eyes) and immediately pressed him into his service. The Heracleidae repaired their ships, sailed from Naupactus to Antirrhium , and thence to Rhium in Peloponnesus . A decisive battle was fought with Tisamenus , son of Orestes ,

116-405: A publication now in the public domain :  Chisholm, Hugh , ed. (1911). " Heraclidae ". Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 308–309. Temenus In Greek mythology , Temenus / ˈ t ɛ m ɪ n ə s / ( Greek : Τήμενος , Tḗmenos ) was a son of Aristomachus and brother of Cresphontes and Aristodemus . Temenus

145-463: Is no mention of these Heraclidae or their invasion in Homer or Hesiod . Herodotus (vi. 52) speaks of poets who had celebrated their deeds, but these were limited to events immediately succeeding the death of Heracles. Herodotus says the Heraclids ruled Lydia for 505 years through 22 generations with son succeeding father all down the line from Agron to Candaules. While Candaules was the last of

174-619: The Agiads and Eurypontids of Sparta, or the Temenids of Macedonia . Heracles, whom Zeus had originally intended to be ruler of Argos , Lacedaemon and Messenian Pylos , had been supplanted by the cunning of Hera , and his intended possessions had fallen into the hands of Eurystheus , king of Mycenae . After the death of Heracles , his children, after many wanderings, found refuge from Eurystheus at Athens . Eurystheus, on his demand for their surrender being refused, attacked Athens, but

203-447: The isthmus of Corinth to attack Atreus , the successor of Eurystheus , but was slain in single combat by Echemus , king of Tegea . This second attempt was followed by a third under Cleodaeus and a fourth under Aristomachus , both unsuccessful. At last, Temenus , Cresphontes and Aristodemus , the sons of Aristomachus, complained to the oracle that its instructions had proved fatal to those who had followed them. They received

232-659: The Dorian tradition in Herodotus V. 72, really an Achaean ), who thus became ruler of the Dorians, the three branches of that race being named after these three heroes. Desiring to reconquer his paternal inheritance, Hyllus consulted the Delphic oracle , which told him to wait for "the third fruit", (or "the third crop") and then enter Peloponnesus by "a narrow passage by sea". Accordingly, after three years, Hyllus marched across

261-623: The Great , under whose leadership the kingdom of Macedonia gradually gained predominance throughout Greece , defeated the Achaemenid Empire and expanded as far as Egypt and India . The mythical founder of the Argead dynasty is King Caranus . The Greek tragedians amplified the story, probably drawing inspiration from local legends which glorified the services rendered by Athens to the rulers of Peloponnesus. The Heracleidae feature as

290-556: The Heraclids to reign at Sardis , Herodotus says Agron was the first and thereby implies that Sardis was already the capital of Lydia in Maeonian times. Candaules died c.687 BC and so the 505-year span stated by Herodotus suggests c.1192 BC for Agron's accession. That is about the time the Hurri-Hittite empire collapsed and thus the land of seha river could become independent from its Hittite overlords and gives more credibility to

319-547: The answer that by the "third fruit" the "third generation" was meant, and that the "narrow passage" was not the isthmus of Corinth, but the straits of Rhium . They accordingly built a fleet at Naupactus , but before they set sail, Aristodemus was struck by lightning (or shot by Apollo ) and the fleet destroyed, because one of the Heracleidae had slain an Acarnanian soothsayer. The oracle, being again consulted by Temenus , bade him offer an expiatory sacrifice and banish

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348-513: The army which was attached to him, and whence he expelled the Ionian king, Pityreus. His brothers-in-law, however, who begrudged him the possession of their sister Hyrnetho, went to Epidaurus and tried to persuade her to leave her husband; and when this attempt failed, they carried her off by force. Deiphontes pursued them, and after having killed one of them, Cerynes, he wrestled with the other, who held his sister in his arms. In this struggle, Hyrnetho

377-594: The best land of all. ) The fertile district of Elis had been reserved by agreement for Oxylus . The Heracleidae ruled in Lacedaemon until 221 BCE, but disappeared much earlier in the other countries. This conquest of Peloponnesus by the Dorians, commonly called the "Dorian invasion" or the "Return of the Heraclidae", is represented as the recovery by the descendants of Heracles of the rightful inheritance of their hero ancestor and his sons. The Dorians followed

406-608: The chief ruler in the peninsula, who was defeated and slain. The Heracleidae, who thus became practically masters of the Peloponnese, proceeded to distribute its territory among themselves by lot. Argos fell to Temenus, Lacedaemon to Procles and Eurysthenes , the twin sons of Aristodemus ; and Messene to Cresphontes . The fertile district of Elis had been reserved by agreement for Oxylus . The Heracleidae ruled in Lacedaemon until 221 BC, but disappeared much earlier in

435-462: The custom of other Greek tribes in claiming as ancestor for their ruling families one of the legendary heroes, but the traditions must not on that account be regarded as entirely mythical. They represent a joint invasion of Peloponnesus by Aetolians and Dorians, the latter having been driven southward from their original northern home under pressure from the Thessalians. It is noticeable that there

464-453: The death of Heracles. The story was first amplified by the Greek tragedians, who probably drew their inspiration from local legends, which glorified the services rendered by Athens to the rulers of the Peloponnese. When Temenus, upon the division of the Peloponnese, had obtained Argos as his share, he bestowed all his affections upon his daughter Hyrnetho and her husband Deiphontes, for which he

493-551: The first scene makes clear, they expect that the blood relationship of the kings with Heracles and their father's past indebtedness to Theseus will finally provide them sanctuary. As Eurystheus prepares to attack, an oracle tells Demophon that only the sacrifice of a noble woman to Persephone can guarantee an Athenian victory. Macaria volunteers for the sacrifice and a spring is named the Macarian spring in her honor. [REDACTED]   This article incorporates text from

522-423: The isthmus of Corinth , but the straits of Patras . They accordingly built a fleet at Naupactus , but before they set sail, Aristodemus was struck by lightning (or shot by Apollo ) and the fleet destroyed, because one of the Heracleidae had slain an Acarnanian soothsayer. The oracle, being again consulted by Temenus, bade him offer an expiatory sacrifice and banish the murderer for ten years, and look out for

551-586: The main subjects of Euripides ' play, Heracleidae . J. A. Spranger found the political subtext of Heracleidae , never far to seek, so particularly apt in Athens towards the end of the peace of Nicias, in 419 BCE, that he suggested the date as that of the play's first performance. In the tragedy, Iolaus , Heracles' old comrade and nephew, and Heracles' children, Macaria and her brothers and sisters have hidden from Eurystheus in Athens , ruled by King Demophon ; as

580-492: The murderer for ten years, and look out for a man with three eyes to act as guide. On his way back to Naupactus , Temenus fell in with Oxylus , an Aetolian, who had lost one eye, riding on a horse (thus making up the three eyes) and immediately pressed him into his service. According to another account, a mule on which Oxylus rode had lost an eye. The Heracleidae repaired their ships, sailed from Naupactus to Antirrhium , and thence to Rhium in Peloponnesus . A decisive battle

609-475: The name was concentrated at Syracuse, a Dorian colony, Tarentum, a Spartan colony, and central Greece, legendary ancestral homeland of the Dorians, but they colonized the islands, Crete, and Anatolia as well. As a personal name, Heraclides may refer to: Several political leaders from ancient Syracuse, Sicily Several ancient physicians were named Heraclides: Heracleidae In the historical period, several dynasties claimed descent from Heracles, such as

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638-472: The other countries. This conquest of Peloponnesus by the Dorians , commonly called the "Return of the Heracleidae", is represented as the recovery by the descendants of Heracles of the rightful inheritance of their hero ancestor and his sons. The Dorians followed the custom of other Greek tribes in claiming as ancestor for their ruling families one of the legendary heroes, but the traditions must not on that account be regarded as entirely mythical. They represent

667-401: The sons of Alexander the Great five centuries later. Temenus and his brothers complained to the oracle that its instructions had proved fatal to those who had followed them (the oracle had told Hyllas to attack through the narrow passage when the third fruit was ripe). They received the answer that by the "third fruit" the "third generation" was meant, and that the "narrow passage" was not

696-540: The tradition heard by Herodotus. The known Heraclid kings are: At Sparta , the Heraclids formed two dynasties ruling jointly: the Agiads and the Eurypontids . Other Spartiates also claimed Heraclid descent, such as Lysander . At Corinth the Heraclids ruled as the Bacchiadae dynasty before the aristocratic revolution, which brought a Bacchiad aristocracy into power. A descendant of Heracles, Temenus ,

725-558: Was a great-great-grandson of Heracles and helped lead the fifth and final attack on Mycenae in the Peloponnese . He became King of Argos . He was the father of Ceisus , Káranos , Phalces (who was said to be founder of Sciyon ), Agraeus , and Hyrnetho . Káranos was the first king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia and founder of the royal Macedonian dynasty–the Temenid or Argead dynasty –which culminated in

754-530: Was defeated and slain. Hyllus and his brothers then invaded Peloponnesus, but after a year's stay were forced by a pestilence to quit. They withdrew to Thessaly , where Aegimius , the mythical ancestor of the Dorians , whom Heracles had assisted in war against the Lapithae , adopted Hyllus and made over to him a third part of his territory. After the death of Aegimius , his two sons, Pamphylus and Dymas , voluntarily submitted to Hyllus (who was, according to

783-656: Was fought with Tisamenus , son of Orestes , the chief ruler in the peninsula, who was defeated and slain. This conquest was traditionally dated eighty years after the Trojan War . The Heracleidae, who thus became practically masters of Peloponnesus, proceeded to distribute its territory among themselves by lot. Argos fell to Temenus , Lacedaemon to Procles and Eurysthenes , the twin sons of Aristodemus ; and Messenia to Cresphontes (tradition maintains that Cresphontes cheated in order to obtain Messenia, which had

812-406: Was murdered by his sons, who thought themselves neglected. According to Apollodorus, after the death of Temenus the army declared Deiphontes and Hyrnetho his rightful successors. Pausanias, however, reports a different story. According to him, after Temenus's death it was not Deiphontes that succeeded him, but Ceisus. Deiphontes on the other hand is said to have lived at Epidaurus, whither he went with

841-616: Was the first king of Argos , who later counted the famous tyrant Pheidon . At Macedonia , the Heraclids formed the Argead Dynasty , whose name comes from Argos, as one of the Heraclids from this city, Perdiccas I , settled in Macedonia, where he founded his kingdom. By the time of Philip II the family had expanded their reign further, to include under the rule of Macedonia all Upper Macedonian states. Their most celebrated members were Philip II of Macedon and his son Alexander

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