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54-546: Mann emphasized the groove approach in his music. Mann felt that from his repertoire, the "epitome of a groove record" was Memphis Underground or Push Push , because the "rhythm section locked all in one perception." Herbie Mann was born in Brooklyn , New York , New York , to Jewish parents Harry C. Solomon (May 30, 1902 – May 31, 1980), who was of Russian descent, and Ruth Rose Solomon (née Brecher) (July 4, 1905 – November 11, 2004), of Romanian descent who

108-466: A "groove") are improved when the musicians are "open to other's musical ideas", "finding ways of complementing other participant's [ sic ] musical ideas", and "taking risks with the music". Turry and Aigen cite Feld's definition of groove as "an intuitive sense of style as process, a perception of a cycle in motion, a form or organizing pattern being revealed, a recurrent clustering of elements through time". Aigen states that "when [a] groove

162-881: A "musicians' musician," Dick Morrissey was in continuous demand as a guest artist with other British or UK-based jazz musicians, most especially with trios and quartets. Thus he was often to be found jamming with established names such as Tubby Hayes , Bill Le Sage , Roy Budd , Ian Hamer, Ian Carr , Tony Lee , Tony Archer , Michael Garrick (who dedicated him his 1965 composition "Leprechaun Leap"), Spike Robinson , Allan Ganley , alto saxophonist Peter King , Ray Warleigh , etc. In between regular M&M gigs, Dick Morrissey would also meet up with old friends Ian "Stu" Stewart , Charlie Watts , Alexis Korner , Jack Bruce , Colin Hodgkinson , Don Weller , Zoot Money , John Picard and Colin Smith, to play boogie-woogie /jazz/rock with

216-564: A broader ethnomusicological perspective, groove has been described as "an unspecifiable but ordered sense of something that is sustained in a distinctive, regular and attractive way, working to draw the listener in." Musicologists and other scholars have analyzed the concept of "groove" since around the 1990s. They have argued that a "groove" is an "understanding of rhythmic patterning" or "feel" and "an intuitive sense" of "a cycle in motion" that emerges from "carefully aligned concurrent rhythmic patterns" that stimulates dancing or foot-tapping on

270-399: A cycle of time, of length 2 or more pulses, enabling identification of cycle locations, and...effectiveness of engaging synchronizing body responses (e.g. dance, foot-tapping)". The "groove" has been cited as an example of sensory-motor coupling between neural systems. Sensory-motor coupling is the coupling or integration of the sensory system and motor system . Sensorimotor integration

324-421: A great feel...", this is referred to informally as being "in the pocket"; when a drummer "maintains this feel for an extended period of time, never wavering, this is often referred to as a deep pocket." A concept similar to "groove" or "swing" is also used in other African-American genres such as hip hop . The rhythmic groove that jazz artists call a sense of “swing” is sometimes referred to as having "flow" in

378-409: A groove "... marks an understanding of rhythmic patterning that underlies its role in producing the characteristic rhythmic 'feel' of a piece". He notes that the "feel created by a repeating framework" is also modified with variations . "Groove", in terms of pattern-sequencing, is also known as " shuffle note "—where there is deviation from exact step positions. When the musical slang phrase "Being in

432-428: A groove as "a pronounced, enjoyable rhythm" or the act of "creat[ing], danc[ing] to, or enjoy[ing] rhythmic music". Steve Van Telejuice explains the "groove" as the point in this sense when he defines it as a point in a song or performance when "even the people who can't dance wanna feel like dancing..." due to the effect of the music. Bernard Coquelet argues that the "groove is the way an experienced musician will play

486-662: A hard bop player, he appeared regularly at the Marquee Club from August 1960, and recorded his first solo album at the age of 21, It’s Morrissey, Man! (1961) for Fontana, featuring Stan Jones on piano, Colin Barnes on drums, and The Jazz Couriers founding member Malcolm Cecil on bass. He spent most of 1962 in Calcutta, India as part of the Ashley Kozak Quartet, playing three two-hour sessions seven days

540-553: A heavy groove." With heavy metal, the term "groove" can also be associated with stoner metal , sludge metal , doom metal and death metal genres as well as djent . Dick Morrissey Richard Edwin Morrissey (9 May 1940 – 8 November 2000) was a British jazz musician and composer. He played the tenor saxophone , soprano saxophone and flute . He was born in Horley , Surrey , England. Dick Morrissey emerged in

594-670: A jazz musician. According to a 1998 interview Mann had made at least 25 albums that were on the Billboard 200 pop charts, success denied most of his jazz peers." Mann provided the music for the 1978 National Film Board of Canada animated short Afterlife , by Ishu Patel . In the early 1970s, he founded his own label, Embryo Records , distributed by Cotillion Records , a division of Atlantic Records . Embryo produced jazz albums, such as Ron Carter 's Uptown Conversation (1970); Miroslav Vitous ' first solo album, Infinite Search (1969); Phil Woods and his European Rhythm Machine at

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648-413: A lot about "the groove." In the 1950s, Mann "locked into a Brazilian groove in the early '60s, then moved into a funky, soulful groove in the late '60s and early '70s. By the mid-'70s he was making hit disco records, still cooking in a rhythmic groove." He describes his approach to finding the groove as follows: "All you have to do is find the waves that are comfortable to float on top of." Mann argues that

702-546: A number of Numan's albums throughout the 1980s), Phil Carmen , Herbie Mann , Shakatak , Peter Gabriel (the solo in "Start" and several other tracks from his third album ), Jon Anderson (and as a member of the New Life Band's The Song of Seven Tour in 1980), Demis Roussos , Jon & Vangelis and Vangelis , Gino Vanelli, as well as playing the haunting saxophone solo on the Vangelis composition "Love Theme" for

756-415: A period of declining interest in jazz. The musicians on these recordings are some of the best-known session players in soul and jazz, including singer Cissy Houston , guitarists Duane Allman , Larry Coryell , and Sonny Sharrock , bassists Donald "Duck" Dunn , Chuck Rainey , and Miroslav Vitous , and drummers Al Jackson, Jr. and Bernard Purdie . In this period Mann had a number of pop hits — rare for

810-404: A rhythm compared with the way it is written (or would be written)" by playing slightly "before or after the beat". Coquelet claims that the "notion of groove actually has to do with aesthetics and style"; "groove is an artistic element, that is to say human,...and "it will evolve depending on the harmonic context, the place in the song, the sound of the musician's instrument, and, in interaction with

864-716: A tour with Alexis Korner and then to the United States to tour and record with the Average White Band , and met up with Glaswegian guitarist, Jim Mullen , who had played with Brian Auger's Oblivion Express with some of the members of AWB, and together they formed Morrissey–Mullen , recording their first album, Up (1976) in New York. During their stay in New York, word got around, and soon big names began arriving to join them for jam sessions, such as Steve Gadd, David Sanborn, George Benson and, every night for

918-687: A week, before returning to the UK and forming his quartet with Harry South – who had also been in the quartet in Calcutta – on piano. They were joined by former The Jazz Couriers bassist Phil Bates and variously, another ex-The Jazz Couriers member, Bill Eyden , Jackie Dougan or Phil Seamen on drums. The Dick Morrissey Quartet recorded three LPs, Have You Heard? (1963); the live recording Storm Warning! (1965) on Mercury; and Here and Now and Sounding Good! (1966). The quartet, played regular London gigs at The Bull's Head , Barnes and at Ronnie Scott's , whose manager, Pete King , once said that Ronnie's

972-862: A week, the Brecker Brothers. On returning to Great Britain, Morrissey–Mullen formed a band which rapidly became Britain’s most highly acclaimed jazz-fusion band of the day, initially including two top session musicians from New Zealand , Frank Gibson, Jr. and Bruce Lynch . Morrissey-Mullen recorded seven albums over the 16 years they were together, with Morrissey and Mullen collaborating on each other’s solo albums, notably After Dark (1983) with John Critchinson , Ron Mathewson , Martin Drew , Barry Whitworth. The line-up for later gigs also featured John Burch on piano, with whom Dick Morrissey would also form an informal group called "Our Band", also featuring Louis Stewart and/or Jim Mullen on guitar, as well as

1026-443: Is a completely subjective thing." He claims that "one person may think a given drummer has a great feel, while another person may think the same drummer sounds too stiff, and another may think he is too loose." Similarly, a bass educator states that while "groove is an elusive thing" it can be defined as "what makes the music breathe" and the "sense of motion in the context of a song". In a musical context, general dictionaries define

1080-495: Is established among players, the musical whole becomes greater than the sum of its parts, enabling a person [...] to experience something beyond himself which he[/she] cannot create alone (Aigen 2002, p.34)". Jeff Pressing's 2002 article claimed that a "groove or feel" is "a cognitive temporal phenomenon emerging from one or more carefully aligned concurrent rhythmic patterns, characterized by...perception of recurring pulses, and subdivision of structure in such pulses,...perception of

1134-496: Is not a static process. For a given stimulus , there is no one single motor command. "Neural responses at almost every stage of a sensorimotor pathway are modified at short and long timescales by biophysical and synaptic processes, recurrent and feedback connections, and learning , as well as many other internal and external variables". Recent research has shown that at least some styles of modern groove-oriented rock music are characterized by an " aesthetics of exactitude" and

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1188-724: The 5th Annual British Jazz & Blues Festival in Richmond (1965). By the mid-1960s, he had over two consecutive years come in second place behind Hayes in the Melody Maker Jazz Poll (1966 & 1967). Many US musicians touring Britain during the Sixties and early Seventies recorded with him. They included Brother Jack McDuff , a live recording with Jimmy Witherspoon , two LPs with J. J. Jackson , and Sonny Stitt together with guitarist Ernest Ranglin (live at Ronnie Scott's). Dick Morrissey performed regularly at

1242-719: The Great American Songbook . Morrissey died on 8 November 2000, aged 60, after many years fighting various forms of cancer . To the end of his life, he could be seen and heard, seated in his wheelchair, playing to a full house at his local pub, The Alma, in Deal, Kent . His last gig was a reunion with the Morrissey–Mullen band (including Jim Mullen and Pete Jacobsen) at the Astor theatre in Deal. His funeral, held in Deal,

1296-627: The National Jazz Festival in the 1960s; his last appearance under his own name there was at the 6th festival held at Windsor (1966), although he would return to the festival with If in 1972 for their only appearance. In 1969, Dick Morrissey, by then many-time winner and runner-up of the Melody Maker Jazz Poll, teamed up with another Melody Maker award-winner, guitarist Terry Smith , with whom he had worked in J. J. Jackson’s Band, to form an early jazz-rock group, If . When If disbanded in 1975, Dick Morrissey went to Germany on

1350-439: The "epitome of a groove record" is " Memphis Underground or Push Push ", because the "rhythm section [is] locked all in one perception." In Jamaican reggae , dancehall , and dub music , the creole term " riddim " is used to describe the rhythm patterns created by the drum pattern or a prominent bassline. In other musical contexts a "riddim" would be called a "groove" or beat. One of the widely copied "riddims", Real Rock ,

1404-400: The 1950s, when ' funk ' and 'funky' were used increasingly as adjectives in the context of soul music—the meaning being transformed from the original one of a pungent odor to a re-defined meaning of a strong, distinctive groove." As "[t]he soul dance music of its day, the basic idea of funk was to create as intense a groove as possible." When a drummer plays a groove that "is very solid and with

1458-425: The 1982 film Blade Runner . Other musicians and performers Dick Morrissey shared the stage with include Allan Holdsworth, Robert Fripp, David "Fathead" Newman , Tommy Körberg , Boz Scaggs , Johnny Griffin , David Sanborn , Steve Gadd , Richard Tee , Billy Cobham , Michael Brecker , Randy Brecker , Sonny Fortune , Sonny Sharrock and Teddy Edwards (with whom he jammed a "duel" at London's 100 Club in

1512-461: The 1990s the term "groove" was used to describe a form of thrash metal called groove metal , which is based around the use of mid-tempo thrash riffs and detuned power chords played with heavy syncopation . "Speed wasn’t the main point anymore, it was what Pantera singer Phil Anselmo called the 'power groove.' Riffs became unusually heavy without the need of growling or the extremely distorted guitars of death metal , rhythms depended more on

1566-691: The AIDS-Benefit album Red Hot + Rio produced by the Red Hot Organization . Mann also played flutes on the Bee Gees ' album Spirits Having Flown . His last appearance was on May 3, 2003, at the New Orleans Jazz and Heritage Festival . In a review of Mann's Beyond Brooklyn (2004), his final recording (co-led with Phil Woods ), critic George Kanzler proposed that Mann's status as an innovator had been overlooked: Mann

1620-506: The Frankfurt Jazz Festival (1971); and Dick Morrissey and Jim Mullen 's Up (1976), which featured the Average White Band as a rhythm section; and the 730 Series, with a more rock-oriented style, including Zero Time (1971) by TONTO's Expanding Head Band . He later set up Kokopelli Records after difficulty with established labels. In 1996, Mann collaborated with Stereolab on the song "One Note Samba/Surfboard" for

1674-473: The above-mentioned Ron Mathewson and Martin Drew. The Average White Band both played on and produced the first album UP During that period, Dick Morrissey also recorded Souliloquy (1986), featuring Max Middleton , Kuma Harada , Robert Ahwai (all three of whom had also appeared on Morrissey–Mullen's first UK-recorded album, Cape Wrath , in 1979), Steve Ferrone , Danny Cummings, Bob Weston and Lenny Zakatek . As well as leading his own jazz combos, as

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1728-601: The back-to-the-roots fun band, Rocket 88 , that Stewart put together with boogie-woogie pianist Bob Hall . Apart from the early recordings with visiting US performers mentioned above, Dick Morrissey also toured and/or recorded with Charly Antolini , Alexis Korner (several albums), Hoagy Carmichael , participating on Hoagy's last album, In Hoagland (1981) featuring Georgie Fame and Annie Ross , with arrangements by Harry South, Mike Carr , Georgie Fame , Brian Auger , Dusty Springfield , Freddie Mack , Pete York , Paul McCartney , Orange Juice , Gary Numan (he appeared on

1782-754: The early 1960s in the wake of Tubby Hayes , Britain’s pre-eminent sax player at the time. Self-taught, he started playing clarinet in his school band, The Delta City Jazzmen, at the age of sixteen with fellow pupils Robin Mayhew (trumpet), Eric Archer (trombone), Steve Pennells (banjo), Glyn Greenfield (drums), and young brother Chris on tea-chest bass . He then joined the Original Climax Jazz Band. Going on to join trumpeter Gus Galbraith 's Septet, where alto-sax player Peter King introduced him to Charlie Parker 's recordings, he began specialising on tenor saxophone shortly after. Making his name as

1836-427: The early 1980s), Mel Collins , Dick Heckstall-Smith , John Surman , Graham Bond , Klaus Doldinger , Al Casey , Miller Anderson , Bridget St. John , Paul Carrack, The Style Council, Daryl Hall, Keith Emerson, Shakatak and so on. Whatever the style of music he was playing, be it pop, rock, hard bop or straight ahead jazz, Dick Morrissey showed that music could be appreciated at many different levels, and that even

1890-502: The groove of the other musicians", which he calls "collective" groove". Minute rhythmic variations by the rhythm section members such as the bass player can dramatically change the feel as a band plays a song, even for a simple singer-songwriter groove. UK musicologist Richard Middleton (1999) notes that while "the concept of groove " has "long [been] familiar in musicians' own usage", musicologists and theorists have only more recently begun to analyze this concept. Middleton states that

1944-460: The groove" is applied to a group of improvisers, this has been called "an advanced level of development for any improvisational music group", which is "equivalent to Bohm and Jaworski's descriptions of an evoked field", which systems dynamics scholars claim are "forces of unseen connection that directly influence our experience and behaviour". Peter Forrester and John Bailey argue that the "chances of achieving this higher level of playing" (i.e., attain

1998-400: The hip hop scene. "Flow is as elemental to hip hop as the concept of swing is to jazz". Just as the jazz concept of "swing" involves performers deliberately playing behind or ahead of the beat, the hip-hop concept of flow is about "funking with one's expectations of time"—that is, the rhythm and pulse of the music. "Flow is not about what is being said so much as how one is saying it". In

2052-471: The jazz standard ) was widely used from around 1936 to 1945, at the height of the swing era, to describe top-notch jazz performances. In the 1940s and 1950s, groove commonly came to denote musical "routine, preference, style, [or] source of pleasure." Like the term " swing ", which is used to describe a cohesive rhythmic "feel" in a jazz context, the concept of "groove" can be hard to define. Marc Sabatella's article Establishing The Groove argues that "groove

2106-469: The mid-1960s Mann hired a young Chick Corea to play in some of his bands. In the late 1970s and early 1980s Mann played duets at New York City's The Bottom Line and Village Gate clubs, with Sarod virtuoso Vasant Rai . Following the 1969 hit album Memphis Underground , a number of smooth jazz records influenced by Southern soul , blues rock , reggae , funk and disco elicited criticism from jazz purists but allowed Mann to remain active during

2160-512: The most simplistic pop or rock song could be embellished with an authentic jazz groove. In this way he was able to reach new audiences and albeit indirectly, introduce people to jazz. When at different stages of his career, journalists asked him to define his style, he would refer to Duke Ellington 's definition: "It's all music" and pointing out that for Ellington there were only two types of music: "good" or "bad". To that end, his last few recordings concentrated more than ever on jazz standards and

2214-413: The part of listeners. The concept can be linked to the sorts of ostinatos that generally accompany fusions and dance musics of African derivation (e.g. African-American , Afro-Cuban , Afro-Brazilian, etc.). The term is often applied to musical performances that make one want to move or dance , and enjoyably "groove" (a word that also has sexual connotations). The expression "in the groove" (as in

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2268-477: The phrasing of one allied to the abrasive tones of the other. He was also influenced by the example of Tubby Hayes, whose lightening-quick [sic] forays through complex harmonies he was probably the first to emulate". The obituary in The Daily Telegraph read: "Dick Morrissey, who has died aged 60, was among the finest European jazz musicians of his generation. His command of the tenor saxophone

2322-475: The sense of an effect ("feel") of changing pattern in a propulsive rhythm or sense of " swing ". In jazz , it can be felt as a quality of persistently repeated rhythmic units, created by the interaction of the music played by a band's rhythm section (e.g. drums, electric bass or double bass , guitar, and keyboards). Groove is a significant feature of popular music , and can be found in many genres, including salsa , rock , soul , funk , and fusion . From

2376-405: The strongest groove stimulation could be observed for drum patterns without microtiming deviations. In some more traditional styles of jazz, the musicians often use the word "swing" to describe the sense of rhythmic cohesion of a skilled group. However, since the 1950s, musicians from the organ trio and latin jazz subgenres have also used the term "groove". Jazz flute player Herbie Mann talks

2430-500: The wake of Tubby Hayes . His advocacy of jazz-rock fusion successfully brought jazz to a rock audience and rock to a jazz audience". Steve Voce wrote in The Independent ' s obituary that Morrissey had the "ability to get through to an audience. He was one of the great communicators of jazz and ... able to communicate with his listeners and quickly to establish a bond with them ... [l]ike Charlie Parker before him, he

2484-567: The years, as well as appearing as a featured guest on the classic Johnny Dankworth and his Orchestra recording, What the Dickens! and the Harry South Big Band. Likewise, together with fellow tenors Stan Robinson and Al Gay , baritone sax Paul Carroll , and trumpets Ian Carr , Kenny Wheeler and Greg Brown, Dick Morrissey formed part of ( Eric Burdon and) The Animals' Big Band that made its one-and-only public appearance at

2538-568: Was a reflection of one of his idols, the tenorist Stanley Turrentine . He was a lightning improviser and the flood of his inventions flew through his fingers with ease, for he was a masterful player." Ronald Atkins , writing in The Guardian , put it thus: " John Coltrane 's approach to the tenor had yet to make much of an impact in Britain, and Morrissey came up with a startling and warmly appreciated blend of Stan Getz and Sonny Rollins,

2592-497: Was an early pioneer of the fusion of jazz and world music . In 1959, following a US State Department -sponsored tour of Africa, he recorded Flautista! , an album of Afro-Cuban jazz . In 1961, Mann toured Brazil , returning to the US to record with Brazilian musicians, including Antonio Carlos Jobim and guitarist Baden Powell . These albums helped popularize bossa nova in the US and Europe. He often worked with Brazilian themes. In

2646-504: Was attended by many of his fellow musicians including Allan Ganley . Following his death, the UK national press published the following obituaries (excerpts): In the obituary published in The Times , British music critic Chris Welch wrote that Dick Morrissey was a "fiery musician who straddled the worlds of jazz and rock, but with a style built firmly on bebop and widely regarded as the most brilliant British saxophonist to emerge in

2700-767: Was born in Bukovina, Austria-Hungary but immigrated to the United States with her family at the age of 6. Both of his parents were dancers and singers, as well as dance instructors later in life. He attended Lincoln High School in Brighton Beach , Brooklyn. His first professional performance was playing the Catskills resorts at age 15. In the 1950s Mann was primarily a bop flutist, playing in combos with artists such as Phil Woods , occasionally playing bass clarinet , tenor saxophone and solo flute. Mann

2754-633: Was kept going in those days due to the crowds Dick Morrissey pulled in. During this time he also played extensively in bands led by Ian Hamer and Harry South, including The Six Sounds, featuring Ken Wray and Dick Morrissey, a band which by 1966 had developed into the Ian Hamer Sextet featuring South, Dick Morrissey, Keith Christie , Kenny Napper and Bill Eyden, among other leading UK-based jazz musicians. He also played briefly in Ted Heath's Big Band, which featured many name jazz musicians over

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2808-452: Was married to Susan Janeal Arison. His four children are: Paul Mann, Claudia Mann, Laura Mann-Lepik and Geoffrey Mann. Geoff is a multi-instrumentalist who plays drums for Los Angeles-based metal/afrobeat group Here Lies Man. After a long battle with prostate cancer , Herbie Mann died at age 73 on July 1, 2003, at his home in Pecos, New Mexico . Groove (music) In music, groove is

2862-461: Was recorded in 1967 by Sound Dimension. "It was built around a single, emphatic bass note followed by a rapid succession of lighter notes. The pattern repeated over and over hypnotically. The sound was so powerful that it gave birth to an entire style of reggae meant for slow dancing called rub a dub. " The "groove" is also associated with funk performers, such as James Brown 's drummers Clyde Stubblefield and Jabo Starks , and with soul music. "In

2916-457: Was somehow able to lift audiences that knew little or nothing about his music". Although one could from time to time imagine a feel of the American players Sonny Rollins or Johnny Griffin in Morrissey's work, he was outstanding among British players for his originality. Despite the sophistication of his ideas there was often a down-home quality to his punchy and hard swinging solos, and this

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