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66-515: Here WeGo is a web mapping and satellite navigation software , operated by HERE Technologies and available on the Web and mobile platforms. It is based on HERE's location data platform, providing its in-house data, which includes satellite views, traffic data, and other location services. Maps are updated every two or three months. Originally developed by Nokia as Nokia Maps , it was revamped in 2013 and released as HERE Maps for Windows Phone and

132-470: A 2021 labor strike demanding (among other things) a certain type of map. Web mapping has allowed for a more environmentally conscious way of navigating location. With the creation of web mapping, people do not have to use paper maps anymore, as it is accessible through the internet, benefiting our environment. Also, atlases or paper maps that were accessed could have been outdated. With web mapping, in real time, users are able to get step by step directions to

198-419: A common choice, as humans can perceive more shades of color than they can of gray, and this would purportedly increase the amount of detail perceivable in the image. However, this is heavily discouraged in the scientific community for a number of reasons. Possibly the largest reason is that when there is a large number of colors involved, the visualization may give off the impression that there exist gradients in

264-412: A common use, web mapping can be used to learn more about culture and history. You can explore historical maps, cultural landmarks, natural features, parks, trails, report issues, natural hazards, pollution, and much more. By doing this, we are able to create a safer and more welcoming community to live in. As much as web mapping has helped simplify our lives, there are also negative social consequences to

330-407: A crash or traffic conditions, or may not take you on the most efficient route. To prevent more of these issues from happening, it is important to report unsafe road conditions or any limitations or uncertainties of any web mapping features. Sites Heat map A heat map (or heatmap ) is a 2-dimensional data visualization technique that represents the magnitude of individual values within

396-505: A data connection is not needed for navigation. Online usage provides live traffic data and additional venue information. The maps include floor-by-floor details of large indoor venues such as shopping malls and airports. If a car is equipped with a CarPlay connectivity component, the HERE WeGo application on the iPhone can be projected to the car's in-dash navigation screen and controlled as any other built-in application. Since July 2022,

462-404: A dataset as a color. The variation in color may be by hue or intensity . In some applications such as crime analytics or website click-tracking, color is used to represent the density of data points rather than a value associated with each point. "Heat map" is a relatively new term, but the practice of shading matrices has existed for over a century. Heat maps originated in 2D displays of

528-619: A grid of a fixed size, with every cell in the grid also being an equal size and shape. The goal is to detect clustering, or suggest the presence of clusters. A spatial heat map is often used on maps or satellite imagery (see GIS ), where there is no concept of cells, and instead the colours vary continuously. Heat maps have a wide range of possibilities amongst applications due to their ability to simplify data and make for visually appealing to read data analysis. Many applications using different types of heat maps are listed below. Business Analysis : Heat maps are used in business analytics to give

594-559: A location based on where they currently are located with the most current geographical information. It also allows you to choose routes with distances and estimated times of travel for each. You can even choose your mode of transportation like driving or walking. Another benefit is that web mapping has allowed more of the general population to access this technology because it is free and accessible to anyone with an internet connection. It also gives us real-time updates about traffic and road conditions which can lead to safer travels. Although not

660-589: A major new trend in cartography. Until recently, cartography was restricted to a few companies , institutes and mapping agencies , requiring relatively expensive and complex hardware and software as well as skilled cartographers and geomatics engineers. Web mapping has brought many geographical datasets, including free ones generated by OpenStreetMap and proprietary datasets owned by HERE , Huawei , Google , Tencent , TomTom , and others. A range of free software to generate maps has also been conceived and implemented alongside proprietary tools like ArcGIS . As

726-476: A much higher resolution and information density than typical computer displays of the same physical size, and might be unreadable when displayed on screens at the wrong resolution . Various companies now offer web mapping as a cloud based software as a service . These service providers allow users to create and share maps by uploading data to their servers (cloud storage). The maps are created either by using an in browser editor or writing scripts that leverage

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792-645: A phenomenon in close to realtime (only a few seconds or minutes delay). They are usually animated. Data is collected by sensors and the maps are generated or updated at regular intervals or on demand. Animated maps show changes in the map over time by animating one of the graphical or temporal variables. Technologies enabling client-side display of animated web maps include scalable vector graphics (SVG), Adobe Flash, Java, QuickTime, and others. Web maps with real-time animation include weather maps, traffic congestion maps and vehicle monitoring systems. CartoDB launched an open source library, Torque, which enables

858-530: A relaunch of the web version. The update and rebranding focused on navigation capabilities, including adding taxi fare information in some cities and integrating with Daimler's Car2Go service. The Tizen smartphone and smartwatch apps were rebranded, as well. In April 2020, HERE WeGo introduced CarPlay integration for iOS. The Android version was also published in Huawei AppGallery . As a response to COVID-19 delivery tools demand, HERE WeGo Delivery

924-608: A result, the barrier to entry for serving maps on the web has been lowered. The terms web GIS and web mapping are often used interchangeably, but the terms are distinct. Web GIS uses and enables web maps, and end users who are web mapping are gaining analytical capabilities from Web GIS, however Web GIS has more applications than web mapping, and web mapping can be accomplished without Web GIS. Web GIS emphasizes geodata processing aspects more involved with design aspects such as data acquisition and server software architecture such as data storage and algorithms, than it does

990-460: A route of travel with provided directions and real time traffic and road condition updates. Of course, this is only possible with an internet connection. Populations that are associated with lower incomes may not have access to a mobile device with internet as they may not be able to afford it, limiting them of this resource. This technology might also be limiting to certain generations, as well. Younger generations have been cultured in technology for

1056-408: A spatial phenomena as color, usually cast over a map. In the image labeled "Spatial Heat Map Example," temperature is displayed by color range across a map of the world. Color ranges from blue (cold) to red (hot). A grid heat map displays magnitude as color in a two-dimensional matrix, with each dimension representing a category of trait and the color representing the magnitude of some measurement on

1122-678: A speaking feature. When you enter a destination, you can turn your volume on and the maps will speak your directions to you. This is not only convenient for visually impaired people, but also helps limit distractions while navigating. There have been concerns raised about the privacy and confidentiality of personal information while using web mapping. Web maps contain personal information such as locations, identities, or attributes of people, places, or things. If not properly secured, your information can be accessed, copied, or manipulated by unauthorized parties. This allows government agencies to create massive databases on individuals and their behaviors while

1188-418: A team of others in different professions. The use of heat maps make for a visually easy way to summarize findings and main components. There are other ways to represent data, however heat maps can visualize these data points and their relationships in a high dimensional space without becoming too compact and visually unappealing. Heat maps in data analysis, allow for specific variables of rows and/or columns on

1254-502: A visual representation about a company's current functioning, performance, and the need for improvements. Heat maps are a way to analyze a company's existing data and update it to reflect growth and other specific efforts. Heat maps visually appeal to team members and clients of the business or company. Websites: There are many different ways heat maps are used within websites to determine a visiting users actions. Typically, there are multiple heat maps used together to determine insight to

1320-485: A walking feature. This has created an opportunity for the population who might not have access to and/or afford to have a car. They are still able to take advantage of this technology to get to a destination by foot. Web mapping has also opened up new possibilities to those who might struggle with a vision disorder. More than a quarter of the world’s population (about 2.2 billion people) suffer from vision impairment. Web mapping has accommodated this large population by adding

1386-434: A website on what are the best and worst performing elements on the page. Some specific heat maps used for website analysis are listed below. Exploratory Data Analysis : Working with small and large data sets, data scientists and data analysts look at and determine essential relationships and characteristics amongst different points in a data set as well as features of those data points. Data scientists and analysts work with

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1452-769: Is also factored and used to predict the arrival time at the destination. Depending on the smartphone model, HERE WeGo provides pre-recorded navigation voices and text-to-speech commands with street names. With internet access, public transport data is displayed by the Here app whilst planning a route for transport options such as buses, trams, subways, and trains. Walking and cycling routes are also supported. Time and distance estimates are provided for these modes, as well as driving navigation. As of March 2017, HERE WeGo had real-time information on traffic conditions and incidents available for 63 countries. In late June 2015, HERE added real-time traffic for reversible express lanes across

1518-503: Is also used in geography games, notably of which is GeoGuessr . A popular browser based game, users are shown an image from Google Street View and must guess the location. The game was received with success upon its launch in May 2013, and skyrocketed to viral popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic as many content creators streamed themselves playing it. Web mapping allows you to choose

1584-457: Is an increased number of dynamic web maps types, and static web map sources. Analytical web maps offer GIS analysis. The geodata can be a static provision, or need updates. The borderline between analytical web maps and web GIS is fuzzy. Parts of the analysis can be carried out by the GIS geodata server. As web clients gain capabilities processing is distributed. Realtime maps show the situation of

1650-464: Is data integrity and quality. Web maps rely entirely on data sources that could potentially be inaccurate, outdated, or corrupted. If the data is not verified and updated regularly, it can affect the reliability of the web maps. Web mapping can also be vulnerable to data tempering, spoofing, or injection attacks, where false or harmful data can be inserted into web maps. There may also be less threatening situations like when web maps may not be updated on

1716-539: Is needed. Heat maps also visualize comparisons and relationships amongst different teams in the same sport or between different sports all together. Many different color schemes can be used to illustrate the heat map, with perceptual advantages and disadvantages for each. Choosing a good color scheme is integral to accurately and effectively displaying data, whereas a poor color scheme can lead viewers to inaccurate conclusions or exclude those with color deficiencies from proper analysis of said data. Rainbow color maps are

1782-453: Is to be printed in black and white or projected onto a large screen, it may be wise to adjust one's choice in color scheme. Common colormaps (like the "jet" colormap used as the default in many visualization software packages) have uncontrolled changes in luminance that prevent meaningful conversion to grayscale for display or printing . This also distracts from the actual data, arbitrarily making yellow and cyan regions appear more prominent than

1848-401: Is whether or not the data will be viewed by anyone with any form of color deficiency. If the audience contains individuals with any form of color blindness , it may be wise to avoid color schemes with prominent reds and greens or uneven color gradients . In addition to audience considerations, it is also important to consider the form in which the data will be viewed. For example, if the data

1914-726: The Google Play Store , the iOS App Store , and the Galaxy Store . Statistics published by HERE state that it reached one million downloads on the Android platform a couple of weeks after launch and, 12 weeks after its launch, reached 2.5 million downloads, increasing to 3 million by mid-February 2015, and to 4 million through the Google Play store alone by March 2015. By 4 August 2015, Google Play downloads had increased to 5 million, and to 10 million by early 2016. Here

1980-650: The Samsung Gear S2 when the smartwatch was released later that fall. In late 2015, Facebook began using HERE's maps for their applications, moving away from Microsoft's map offering, Bing. In December 2015, Here, at the time a subsidiary of Nokia, was sold to a consortium of German automotive companies ( Audi AG , BMW AG and Daimler AG ) as Here Global BV. On 15 March 2016, HERE announced that it would discontinue support for its app for Windows 10 Mobile on 29 March 2016 due to its use of "a workaround that will no longer be effective after June 30, 2016", and that

2046-725: The World Wide Web . After Nokia sold it, the HERE Maps application was released to the Android platform on 10 December 2014 and iOS the next year. It was rebranded to HERE WeGo in July 2016. In 2006, Nokia purchased a Berlin-based start-up, Gate5, that owned a mapping software called smart2go. In February 2007, Nokia announced that smart2go would be available for free on the S60 Symbian platform and Windows Mobile 5.0. It

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2112-549: The United States and Europe. Users can save the location and details of destinations as 'Collections' if they are online and signed in. It is not possible to store destinations offline, on the device. Location and destination can be shared with standard platform tools. As of 23 October 2017 there was no option to sort collections by name or distance in the Web, Android, and iOS versions. HERE WeGo can download maps of countries and regions to internal storage so that

2178-520: The amount of distractions while driving. Drivers can alter their focus away from the road to their device very easily, which could result in a multitude of  negative social consequences and safety concerns. While there are many benefits to web mapping allowing anyone to access, create, and distribute maps, many have raised ethical concerns. The web facilitates the spread of misinformation, and people without strong understanding of cartography can publish seemingly authoritative products that may mislead

2244-438: The axes and even on the diagonal. Financial Analysis : The values of different product and assets fluctuate both rapidly and/or gradually over time. The need to log changes to the daily markets is imperative. It allows for the ability to draw predictions from patterns while being able to revisit past numerical data. Heat maps are able to remove the tedious process and enable the user to visualize data points and compare amongst

2310-420: The beta version of the android app is compatible with Android Auto, working with an Android phone and a car equipped with an Android Auto connectivity component in the same way that the iPhone version. There is a web page "HERE car drive schedule – Drive schedule for our map data collection cars", with entries typically for the current and following month. Here WeGo is distributed on and freely downloadable from

2376-515: The clustering. Jacques Bertin used a similar representation to display data that conformed to a Guttman scale . The idea for joining cluster trees to the rows and columns of the data matrix originated with Robert Ling in 1973. Ling used overstruck printer characters to represent different shades of gray, one character-width per pixel. Leland Wilkinson developed the first computer program in 1994 ( SYSTAT ) to produce cluster heat maps with high-resolution color graphics. The Eisen et al. display shown in

2442-424: The combined traits from each of the two categories. For example, one dimension might represent year, and the other dimension might represent month, and the value measured might be temperature. This heat map would show how temperature changed over the years in each month. Grid heat maps are further categorized into two different types of matrices: clustered, and correlogram. In a grid heat map, colors are presented in

2508-405: The creation of dynamic animated maps with millions of records. Twitter uses this technology to create maps to reflect how users reacted to news and events worldwide. Collaborative maps are a developing potential. In proprietary or open source collaborative software, users collaborate to create and improve the web mapping experience. This type of web mapping is the most popular or familiar amongst

2574-410: The data that are not really present. The more colors used in a visualization the more values begin to bleed together and color lacks the natural perceptual ordering found in grayscale or blackbody spectrum colormaps. Additionally, values represented by different shades of the same color can imply that the values are related when they are not. An important consideration when choosing a color scheme

2640-434: The data were collected and aggregated using irregular boundaries, such as administrative units, then a heat map displaying that data will be the same as a choropleth map, encouraging confusion about how the two differ. Choropleth maps show data grouped by geographic boundaries like countries, states, provinces or even floodplains. Each region has a singular value, visualized by color intensity, shading or pattern. The figure on

2706-450: The device or pre-downloaded with Nokia Suite . In some markets, the phones were sold with an SD card preloaded with local maps. The system did not support turn-by-turn navigation. Asha series phones did not have GPS receivers; positioning was done by Cell ID of the cellular network or by using the Wi-Fi positioning system . Web mapping The advent of web mapping can be regarded as

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2772-477: The difference comes with how certain data is presented which differentiate the two. Sports: Heat maps can be used in many sports and can influence manager's and/or coaches decisions based on high and low densities of data displayed. Users can identify patterns within the game, the strategies of opponents and one's own team, make more informed decisions benefitting the player, team, and business, and can enhance performance in different areas by identifying enhancement

2838-414: The different performers. Geographical Visualization: Heat maps are used to visualize and display a geographic distribution of data. Heat maps represent different densities of data points on a geographical map to help users see the intensities of certain phenomena and to show items of most or least importance. Heat maps used in geographical visualization are sometimes confused with Choropleth maps , but

2904-531: The end-user reports themselves. The term location-based services refers to web mapping consumer goods and services. Web mapping usually involves a web browser or other user agent capable of client-server interactions. Questions of quality, usability, social benefits, and legal constraints are driving its evolution. A first classification of web maps has been made by Kraak in 2001. He distinguished static and dynamic web maps and further distinguished interactive and view only web maps. Today there

2970-400: The existing Windows Phone 8 app would only receive critical updates after this date and no longer be actively developed. HERE Maps licensed by Microsoft are still offered as part of the existing Bing Maps -based software on these devices. On 27 July 2016, the mapping service was updated and re-branded to HERE WeGo. The update first launched on Android and was followed by an iOS version and

3036-412: The figure is a replication of the earlier SYSTAT design. Software designer Cormac Kinney trademarked the term 'heat map' in 1991 to describe a 2D display depicting financial market information. The company that acquired Kinney's invention in 2003 unintentionally allowed the trademark to lapse. There are two main type of heat maps: spatial, and grid. A spatial heat map displays the magnitude of

3102-560: The majority of their lives, so web mapping is an easy resource for them to use. However, older generations tend to be less efficient with technology, as it was not around for the majority of their lifetimes. This can make it difficult for the older generation to understand how to use web mapping when planning their travels. They will often resort to paper maps or a GPS, as that is what is comfortable to them, even though those resources are less efficient and are more outdated than web mapping. As web mapping has become more advanced, they have added

3168-426: The population today. Some collaborative web mapping projects are: Online atlases are collections of maps in a specific period of  time like general reference maps, thematic maps, and geographical information. The traditional atlas goes through a remarkably large transition when hosted on the web. Atlases can cease their printed editions or offer printing on demand. Some atlases also offer raw data downloads of

3234-404: The private sector keeps records of personal information. It can also lead to privacy breaches, data loss, or legal liabilities. To prevent these issues from happening, mostly in a work setting, you need to encrypt your data, use secure protocols and servers, and apply access control and authentication mechanisms. Another possible barrier created by web mapping that may challenge web map security

3300-530: The proportion of a variable over an arbitrary, but usually small grid size, independent of geographic boundaries. The figure on the right displaying a heat map of world population is an example. The figure illustrates a single value (population) bounded in an arbitrary grid (square kilometers) with each cell in the grid represented by a color intensity proportionate to the value of the cell relative to all other cells. Some heat maps that are created using approximated regional data may show familiar geographic borders in

3366-477: The public. This saw significant attention during the COVID-19 pandemic, where the prevalence of improper maps on dashboards contributed to the infodemic . Web maps require the internet to host, so they are subject to link rot , making information inaccessible. Unlike physical maps, this can have major impacts on the historical record if the web map is the only source for the data it presents. Web mapping

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3432-422: The regions of the data that are actually most important. Several heat map software implementations are freely available: Choropleth maps and heat maps are often used in place of one another incorrectly when referring to data visualized geographically. Both techniques show the proportion of a variable of interest, but the two differ in how the boundaries for the variable's data aggregations are constructed. If

3498-430: The right displaying a choropleth map showing the United States' population density by state may be used as an example. The figure illustrates a singular value (population) denoted by blue color intensity proportionate to the state's value relative to all other states' values, bounded by each state's border. Similarly, heat maps may also visualize data over a geographic region. However, unlike choropleth maps, heat maps show

3564-457: The service providers API's. Compared to traditional techniques, mapping software has many advantages. The disadvantages are also stated. This section contains some of the milestones of web mapping, online mapping services and atlases. Web mapping technologies require both server-side and client-side applications. The following is a list of technologies utilized in web mapping. Web maps have become an essential tool for many, as illustrated by

3630-521: The underlying geospatial data sources. Static web pages are view only without animation or interactivity . These maps were often used before technological advancements allowed the user to interact. These files are created once, often manually, and infrequently updated. Typical graphics formats for static web maps are PNG , JPEG , GIF , or TIFF (e.g., drg ) for raster files, SVG , PDF or SWF for vector files. These include scanned paper maps not designed as screen maps. Paper maps have

3696-422: The use of web mapping. There have been concerns raised about the privacy of personal information while using web mapping. It allows government agencies to create massive databases on individuals and their behaviors while the private sector keeps records of personal information. This issue continues to be challenged and negotiated as web mapping has become more relevant. As the use of web mapping has increased, so has

3762-417: The values in a data matrix. Larger values were represented by small dark gray or black squares (pixels) and smaller values by lighter squares. Toussaint Loua (1873) used a shading matrix to visualize social statistics across the districts of Paris . Sneath (1957) displayed the results of a cluster analysis by permuting the rows and the columns of a matrix to place similar values near each other according to

3828-478: The website and mobile devices. Additionally, it shows heat maps to visualize areas popular for food, nightlife, shopping and local sights in select cities, listing and managing businesses. On 9 July 2015, HERE launched a new public beta of its Android app. As of June 2015, the Here app was available as a free app in 118 countries and territories across the world for the Android and iOS platforms. On 3 September 2015, Here announced that its app would be available for

3894-413: The website offers routing support between many waypoints, city pages of over fifty popular cities showing local time and weather conditions, along with information from Lonely Planet and suggested places, as well as 3D maps of 25 cities, including routing support. It also offers live traffic flow visualization, public transport search, and synchronization of user's points of interest (Collections) between

3960-524: Was available on the Symbian^3 platform under the name Nokia Maps. The last version, 3.09, included: Nokia said that the Nokia 808 from 2012 would be the last Symbian phone; Symbian development then stopped. Accenture was responsible for the maintenance of Symbian and Nokia Maps until 2016. The supported phones were: Maps for S40 were limited compared to other platforms. The maps were streamed online into

4026-521: Was initially released for iOS and later in February 2013 for all Windows Phone 8 devices. It was also released on the Nokia Asha platform and Firefox OS . The legacy Symbian and Series 40 versions continued using the old name without HERE branding. The HERE application was first announced for Android as a beta test version for some Samsung Galaxy smartphones on 29 August 2014. The app

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4092-424: Was launched. Some features are available offline with a downloaded map, others require a data connection, and some require the user to be signed in. HERE WeGo provides turn-by-turn navigation in both offline and online modes. Users can enter a destination address, landmark, or business name, and then the app automatically calculates directions and distance to the destination. Real-time traffic data (where available)

4158-596: Was made available for download from Samsung's Galaxy App Store on 8 October 2014. It was simultaneously launched for the Samsung Gear S smartwatch. The first public release of the beta Here app (across all Android platforms) was on 21 October 2014, as an APK download from the HERE.com Web site. The app became available in the Google Play store on 10 December 2014. On 12 February 2015, a stable version of HERE Maps

4224-401: Was preinstalled on handsets, including Nokia N95 , which featured Global Positioning System (GPS) technology. In August 2007 the smart2go application was reworked into Ovi Maps, named under the new umbrella Ovi brand, released for S60 3rd Edition devices. Months later, Nokia bought Navteq , a provider of digital map systems. Ovi Maps version 2.0 went into public beta in February 2008 and

4290-660: Was released in May. Version 3.0 was released in July 2009. Turn-by-turn navigation and traffic information originally required a subscription, but in January 2010 Nokia announced that these would be provided for free. In 2011 it became Nokia Maps. It was released for Nokia Lumia in November 2011, coming preloaded on the devices. Further versions for the Nokia N900 and Nokia N9 were also released. In November 2012, Nokia rebranded Nokia Maps to HERE Maps. The rebranded version

4356-538: Was released on the Google Play store . The website wego.here.com (formerly here.com) evolved out of the maps.ovi.com and later maps.nokia.com site and provides the web companion to the HERE suite. It works on all major browsers . Users can organize their favorite places in collections and sync to mobile devices. The Web application also uses WebGL to offer 3D map views without a plugin. With 3D goggles, users can get stereoscopic views of 25 cities. It also provides detailed street-level imaging for many cities. As of 2013,

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