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84-654: The German: Herrenhäuser Kirche ( Herrenhausen Church ) in Hanover - Herrenhausen , Lower Saxony , Germany) is a church built in neo-Gothic style. Located close to the Herrenhausen Gardens , it belongs to the Lutheran congregation of the Herrenhausen-Leinhausen parish and is a listed historic building. Building started in 1904 and ended on 27 May 1906. It was made possible through

168-636: A 21 to 20 vote. In 1992, the architects Studio Arnaboldi/Cavadini of Locarno won an international design competition for the master plan of the exhibition grounds. On 12 June that year, a survey conducted by the city council was made public, showing only 51.5% of area residents supported hosting the expo. On 5 May 1994, a new company was created by the government in Bonn, Gesellschaft zur Vorbereitung und Durchführung der Weltausstellung EXPO 2000 in Hannover (EXPO 2000 Hannover GmbH). Headed by chairman Helmut Werner,

252-457: A blown-up museum, or a nature reserve." In the same article, Ralf Strobach, secretary of Hanover's Citizens' Initiative for Environment Protection , said that "For a long time, companies were unsure if they would be putting money in an eco-show or a showcase for their latest inventions." Only after the Expo was open and clearly not meeting expectations was a new advertising campaign created, aimed at

336-647: A jungle house, and a show arena. The new Canadian-themed area, Yukon Bay, opened in 2010. In 2010 the Hanover Zoo had over 1.6 million visitors. There is also the Sea Life Centre Hanover , which is the first tropical aquarium in Germany. Another point of interest is the Old Town . In the centre are the large Marktkirche (Church St. Georgii et Jacobi , preaching venue of the bishop of

420-445: A population of about 3,850,000 and is the 8th largest metropolitan area in Germany. Hanover passed a population of 100,000 in 1875, and Hanover's population has grown since 1946, when Hanover became the capital of Lower Saxony state and it grew rapidly in 1950s and 60s due to West German Wirtschaftswunder . This also saw the growth of a large migrant population, drawn largely from Turkey , Greece and Italy . Hanover has also one of

504-498: A population of about 540,000. It is the largest city in Lower Saxony and is the 13th largest city in Germany. The Hanover Region , a district that surrounds the city of Hanover and cities like Langenhagen , Garbsen and Laatzen has a population of about 1,160,000 and is the largest District (Landkreis) in Germany. Hanover metropolitan region , which includes also cities like Braunschweig , Hildesheim and Göttingen , has

588-693: A pretext to stage a nationwide pogrom known as Kristallnacht (9 November 1938). On that day, the synagogue of Hanover, designed in 1870 by Edwin Oppler in neo-romantic style, was burnt by the Nazis. In September 1941, through the "Action Lauterbacher" plan, a ghettoisation of the remaining Hanoverian Jewish families began. Even before the Wannsee Conference , on 15 December 1941, the first Jews from Hanover were deported to Riga . A total of 2,400 people were deported, and very few survived. During

672-613: A reminder of the persecution of the Jews in Hanover. After the war a large group of Orthodox Jewish survivors of the nearby Bergen-Belsen concentration camp settled in Hanover. There was also a camp for Sinti and Romani people (see Romani Holocaust ), and dozens of forced labour subcamps of the Stalag XI-B prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs. As an important railway and road junction and production centre, Hanover

756-576: A remix single "Expo Remix" was released. The band was also paid US$ 190,000 for a five-second jingle, leading Chancellor Gerhard Schröder to state that he "wouldn't have spent so much money". The western slope of Kronsberg emerged in the late 1990s in conjunction with the EXPO 2000, established an environmental point of settlement at the Hannover Expo. The district is a result of independent evolutionary history and unique structure, often perceived as

840-510: A separate district. In total, 155 nations took part. Some are outlined below: Some of the buildings on the Expo site were sold after EXPO 2000 ended, but most of the exhibition area is still used for major fairs in Germany, as it has been since 1949. The southeastern area around Expo Plaza has been turned into Hanover's new centre of information technology, design, media and arts. Most of the national pavilion buildings were demolished, or disassembled and shipped to their home countries, following

924-510: A symbol for the mysterious talks of god to the people. The altar window is surrounded by painted floral patterns and so is the pointed gable. The Crucifix above the altar is originally from a Lutheran church in Einbeck but since 1992 it has its place in the sanctuary. The crown of thorns and the wraparound garment are covered with gold. Gold is the "color" of the sky and of the justice. God laid his hand on this Jesus, on this righteous person. At

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1008-429: A world partner. Part of the failure of the Expo was a lack of clear perception of what to expect at Expo 2000, not helped by a "cerebral" advertising campaign that had failed to explain what the Expo was for. In a 2000 Time article, a Berlin-based marketing firm, Scholz & Friends , stated that "the organizers have failed to convey to the public a clear image of what Expo 2000 is going to be: an entertainment park,

1092-538: Is 72 metres (236 ft) high and has a church spire with a four-sided pinnacle. The church shows a final point of an architectural idea – namely to shape a "Church of Words". If you look around inside of the church you will however see that fore, aft and transept show the same proportions. Therefore, the church is also a central building which follows the Greek cross. During the Second World War

1176-547: Is a forest originally used for deer and other game for the king's table. The 282-metre-high (925 ft) Telemax communications tower, the tallest building in Lower Saxony and the highest television tower in northern Germany, lies in the district of Groß-Buchholz. Some other notable towers are the VW-Tower in the city centre and the old towers of the former middle-age defence belt: Döhrener Tower , Lister Tower and

1260-436: Is a forum for contemporary art. It features mostly exhibitions and projects of artists from Hanover. EXPO 2000 The Expo's masterplan was designed in a joint venture with Studio d'Arnaboldi / Cavadini, Locarno and AS&P ( Albert Speer und Partner GmbH). On 14 June 1990, the international organization sanctioning World Expos Bureau International des Expositions awarded Expo 2000 to Hanover, beating out Toronto by

1344-466: Is a vice-president city of Mayors for Peace , an international mayoral organisation mobilising cities and citizens worldwide to abolish and eliminate nuclear weapons by 2020. Hanover has an oceanic climate ( Köppen : Cfb ) independent of the isotherm. Although the city is not on a coastal location, the predominant air masses are still from the ocean, unlike other places further east or south-central Germany. The Hanover weather station has recorded

1428-482: Is debated. Hanover was a small village of ferrymen and fishermen that became a comparatively large town in the 13th century and received town privileges in 1241 because of its position at a natural crossroads. As overland travel was relatively difficult, its position on the upper navigable reaches of the river helped it grow from increasing trade. It was connected to the Hanseatic League city of Bremen by

1512-866: Is headquarters for several Protestant organizations, including the World Communion of Reformed Churches , the Protestant Church in Germany , the Reformed Alliance , the United Evangelical Lutheran Church of Germany , and the Independent Evangelical-Lutheran Church . In 2015, 31.1% of the population were Protestant and 13.4% were Roman Catholic . The majority 55.5% were irreligious or other religion. The Historisches Museum Hanover (Historic museum) describes

1596-469: Is placed on film, video, contemporary music and architecture, room installments and presentations of contemporary paintings, sculptures and video art. The Kestner-Museum is located in the House of 5,000 windows . The museum is named after August Kestner and exhibits 6,000 years of applied art in four areas: Ancient cultures, ancient Egypt, applied art and a valuable collection of historic coins. The KUBUS

1680-409: Is preached into the church interior and the whole wide world to arouse, to promote and to consolidate the faith. Above the abat-voix the observer sees twelve open windows in gothic style which remind of the twelve apostle of Jesus who are already in the heavenly Jerusalem and who not only watch the worshipper dominical but also are praying for them. The baptismal font rests upon six pillars which like

1764-560: Is the capital and largest city of the German state of Lower Saxony . Its 535,932 (2021) population makes it the 13th-largest city in Germany as well as the fourth-largest city in northern Germany after Berlin , Hamburg and Bremen . Hanover's urban area comprises the towns of Garbsen , Langenhagen and Laatzen and has a population of about 791,000 (2018). The Hanover Region has approximately 1.16 million inhabitants (2019) and

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1848-819: Is the largest in the Hanover–Braunschweig–Göttingen–Wolfsburg Metropolitan Region , the 17th biggest metropolitan area by GDP in the European Union . Before it became the capital of Lower Saxony in 1946, Hanover was the capital of the Principality of Calenberg (1636–1692), the Electorate of Hanover (1692–1814), the Kingdom of Hanover (1814–1866), the Province of Hanover of the Kingdom of Prussia (1868–1918),

1932-471: Is the supper table and underneath a block-altar. The altar reminds of the old sacrificial table where animal sacrifices were made. The table form of the altar shows a direct line to the table of the last supper from Jesus and his disciples. Here at the altar bread and wine is given which should remind the Christians that Jesus Christ gave his life for our salvation. In bread and wine we find the elements of

2016-1273: The Anzeiger Tower Block , the Administration Building of the NORD/LB , the Cupola Hall of the Congress Centre, the Lower Saxony Stock , the Ministry of Finance , the Garten Church , the Luther Church , the Gehry Tower (designed by the American architect Frank O. Gehry ), the specially designed Bus Stops , the Opera House , the Hanover Central Station , the Maschsee lake and

2100-529: The Battle of Waterloo in 1815. In 1814 the electorate became the Kingdom of Hanover . In 1837, the personal union of the United Kingdom and Hanover ended because William IV 's heir in the United Kingdom was female ( Queen Victoria ). Hanover could be inherited only by male heirs. Thus, Hanover passed to William IV's brother, Ernest Augustus , and remained a kingdom until 1866, when it was annexed by

2184-757: The EXPO 2000 in Hanover and was designed by Prof. Schwerdtfeger. Whoever lights a commemorative candle can see how it is reflected by the surrounding glass wall. The impression of great depth, in which the candle lights into is given. In the Passiontide the Way of the Cross is shown with sixteen stations beneath the two side galleries. The one from the Herrenhäuser Kirche was painted by Robert Hammerstiel in strong red colors. The soldiers are wearing uniforms of

2268-609: The Hanover Medical School ( Medizinische Hochschule Hannover ), one of Germany's leading medical schools , with its university hospital Klinikum der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover , and the Leibniz University Hanover . The city is also home to International Neuroscience Institute . The Hanover Fairground , owing to numerous extensions, especially for the Expo 2000 , is the largest in

2352-767: The Hanoverian Army . However, George III did not recognise the Convention of the Elbe, which resulted in a great number of soldiers from Hanover eventually emigrating to Great Britain, where the King's German Legion was formed. It was only troops from Hanover and Brunswick who consistently opposed France throughout the Napoleonic Wars. The Legion later played an important role in the Peninsular War and

2436-638: The Holy Roman Emperor to the rank of Prince-Elector in 1692, which was confirmed by the Imperial Diet in 1708. Thus, the principality was upgraded to the Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg , colloquially known as the Electorate of Hanover after Calenberg's capital (see also House of Hanover ). Its electors later became monarchs of Great Britain (and from 1801 of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland ). The first of them

2520-688: The Horse Tower . The 36 most significant sights of the city centre are connected by a 4.2-kilometre-long (3 mi) walking trail called the Red Thread that is literally painted onto the pavement with red paint. It starts at the Tourist Information Office and ends on the Ernst-August-Square, both in front of the central train station. There is also a guided sightseeing bus tour through the city. Hanover has

2604-641: The Ihme , in the south of the North German Plain . The city is a major crossing point of railway lines and motorways ( Autobahnen ), connecting European main lines in both the east–west ( Berlin – Ruhr area / Düsseldorf / Cologne ) and north–south (Hamburg– Frankfurt / Stuttgart / Munich ) directions. Hanover Airport lies north of the city, in Langenhagen , and is Germany's ninth-busiest airport. The city's most notable institutes of higher education are

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2688-637: The Low Countries and Saxony or Thuringia . In the 14th century, the main churches of Hanover were built, as well as a city wall with three city gates. The beginning of industrialization in Germany led to trade in iron and silver from the northern Harz Mountains , which increased the city's importance. In 1636 George, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg , ruler of the Brunswick-Lüneburg principality of Calenberg , moved his residence to Hanover. The Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg were elevated by

2772-682: The Old Testament the pin hut was the place of revelation of God (the two tablets with the Ten Commandments were kept here), so should the New Testament community be reminded while receiving the communion, as well as during the whole church service, that God is present. While stepping inside the church the visitor crosses through three rooms and three doors, each symbols of the trinity: God – Father, God – Son, God – Holy Spirit. Before

2856-683: The Paradies and the Prairie Garden . The Georgengarten is an English landscape garden. The Leibniz Temple and the Georgen Palace are two points of interest there. The landmark of Hanover is the New Town Hall ( Neues Rathaus ). Inside the building are four scale models of the city. An elevator ascends to the observation deck at the top of the large dome along a variable angle of up to 17 degrees, thought to be unique in

2940-716: The Province of Hanover of the Free State of Prussia (1918–1947) and of the State of Hanover (1946). From 1714 to 1837 Hanover was by personal union the family seat of the Hanoverian Kings of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland , under their title of the dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg (later described as the Elector of Hanover ). The city lies at the confluence of the River Leine and its tributary

3024-718: The Prussia during the Austro-Prussian war . Though Hanover was expected to defeat Prussia at the Battle of Langensalza in 1866, Prussia employed Moltke the Elder's Kesselschlacht order of battle to and destroyed the Hanoverian Army. Thereafter the city of Hanover became the capital of the Prussian Province of Hanover . In 1872, the first horse railway was inaugurated, and in 1893, an electric tram

3108-505: The Seven Years' War , the Battle of Hastenbeck was fought near the city on 26 July 1757. The French army defeated the Hanoverian Army of Observation , which led to the city's occupation as part of the Invasion of Hanover . It was recaptured by Anglo-German forces, led by Ferdinand of Brunswick , the following year. After Napoleon imposed the Convention of Artlenburg (treaty of the Elbe) on 5 July 1803, about 35,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover. The convention also required disbanding

3192-405: The Expo seemed expensive compared to other days out. Commentator Georg Giersberg wrote in the Frankfurter Allgemeine that entrance fees for Germany's 53 main theme parks cost on average less than half the price of the Expo (about 30 DM). Other financial shortfalls came from a lack of corporate sponsorship, since it cost US$ 4.8 million to be an official product supplier or US$ 14.5 million to become

3276-405: The Expo. Some buildings were retained, including the Netherlands Pavilion. The structure has now fallen into disrepair, until earlier in December 2017, when architecture company MVRDV announced plans to restore and renovate the Netherlands pavilion to accommodate future users. A glass sculpture called " United Earth " by Tomasz Urbanowicz exhibited as part of the Lower Silesian Presentation in

3360-467: The German (am) hohen Ufer , literally 'on the high (river) bank'. Traditionally, the English spelling is ⟨ Hanover ⟩ . However, ⟨ Hannover ⟩ , the German spelling with a double- ⟨n⟩ , has become more popular in English. Recent editions of Encyclopædia Britannica prefer the German spelling, and the local government uses the German spelling on their English webpages. The English pronunciation, with stress on

3444-424: The Jewish banker Moritz Simon, who encouraged the incorporated villagers of Herrenhausen to spend money which they had received from the capital city Hanover. The other half of the money was later received through donations and collections. The architect R. Eberhard Hillebrand, who was a student of Conrad Wilhelm Hase , decided on the church's Gothic Revival architectural style, for which he used sandstone. The church

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3528-413: The Leine River and was situated near the southern edge of the wide North German Plain and northwest of the Harz mountains, so east–west traffic such as mule trains passed through it. Hanover was thus a gateway to the Rhine , Ruhr and Saar river valleys, and their industrial areas which grew up to the southwest and the plains regions to the east and north for overland traffic skirting the Harz between

3612-404: The Lutheran Landeskirche Hanovers ), and the 15th century Old Town Hall , heavily damaged by Allied bombing in 1943, and reconstructed after World War II. Nearby are the Leibniz House , the Nolte House , and the Beguine Tower . The Kreuz-Church-Quarter around the Kreuz Church contains many little lanes. Nearby is the old royal sports hall, now called the Ballhof theatre. On the edge of

3696-418: The Old Town are the Market Hall , the Leine Palace , and the ruin of the Aegidien Church which is now a monument to the victims of war and violence. Through the Marstall Gate the bank of the river Leine can be reached; the Nanas of Niki de Saint Phalle are there. They are part of the Sculpture Mile , which starts at Trammplatz , runs along the river bank, crosses Königsworther Square , and ends at

3780-415: The Portal. The Wimperg above the Portal is decorated with three flowers inside and the top is furnished with a cross. Two turret tabernacles with pinnacles, finials and glare windows complete the portal composition. Above the cross of the pointed gable the observer sees a rosette molded as a quatrefoil. Even here in the entrance of the church the language of architecture wants to point out a mystery: Like in

3864-414: The Second World War like the ones used in the Balkan. Hammerstiel witnessed this as a growing child. The color red symbolizes the blood, the life and the passion. With passion the soldiers hit, tortured and nailed Jesus to the cross and with passion Jesus fought for the freedom and the dignity of the people. The Altar of the Herrenhäuser Kirche shows a special architectural feature. Resting upon five pillars

3948-424: The United Kingdom, were concurrently also Electoral Princes of Hanover. During the time of the personal union of the crowns of the United Kingdom and Hanover (1714–1837), the monarchs rarely visited the city. In fact during the reigns of the last three joint rulers (1760–1837), there was only one short visit, by George IV in 1821. From 1816 to 1837, Viceroy Adolphus represented the monarch in Hanover. During

4032-402: The border with thousands of other Polish-Jewish deportees, fed only intermittently by the Polish Red Cross and Jewish welfare organisations. The Grynszpans' son Herschel Grynszpan was in Paris at the time. When he learned of what was happening, he drove to the German embassy in Paris and shot the German diplomat Eduard Ernst vom Rath , who died shortly afterwards. The Nazis took this act as

4116-400: The central room of the church and point out the trinity. Beneath the galleries are traced ashlars rocks with several sun symbols. All three Roundels show an eight division and want to point us atop of our reality towards god. Even in mathematics the lying eight is a symbol for infinity. Beneath the right side gallery there is a simple but appealing Prayer Corner. It was built on the occasion of

4200-429: The centrally arranged pigeon (representing the Holy Spirit), designed with abstract new-age colored glass. The church has three galleries and originally held seats for 930 people. In the 1960s the original picturing of the church, which was hold in art nouveau/natural motive, was overcoated with pedagogic white/grey and the central chandelier has been removed. One generation later the parish council decided together with

4284-408: The church was not destroyed but an aerial mine exploding closely shattered the glass of the windows. Today's colored altar window, designed by O. Brenneisen in 1946, shows Jesus and his disciples, which is the same motive the earlier window had. The glazing on the north and south side of the church interior is plain and uncolored. The sanctuary is dominated by a big window with a rose that is, besides of

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4368-414: The city alongside the mayor. The most recent city council election was held on 12 September 2021, and the results were as follows: There are around 5,500 buildings of major historic value within city limits. One of Hanover's most grandiose sights is the Royal Gardens of Herrenhausen . Its Great Garden is an important European Baroque garden . The palace itself was largely destroyed by Allied bombing, but

4452-414: The city forest Eilenriede , which is one of the largest of its kind in Europe. For recreation, Hanover has 40 parks, forests and gardens, a couple of lakes, two rivers and a canal. The historic Leibniz Letters , which can be viewed in the Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Library , have been on UNESCO 's Memory of the World Register since 2007. Outside the city centre is the Hanover Fairground , which

4536-414: The city on 10 April 1945. Hanover was in the British zone of occupation of Germany and became part of the new state (Land) of Lower Saxony in 1946. In 1947, Hanover established its relationship with Bristol, England in exchanges of goods, students and music. This would link the two cities to Sister Cities International as one of the models for establishing these types of programs. Today Hanover

4620-481: The company was responsible for the construction and management of the Expo. In 1995, the supervisory board agreed on the concept for the thematics of the Expo. Construction finally began on 22 April 1996. Unlike previous expos, which focused on present advances in science and technology, EXPO 2000 focused more on developing and presenting solutions for the future. The Expo opened to the public on 1 June 2000 and ran for five months, ending on 31 October. The Expo site

4704-409: The domestic market with British actor Peter Ustinov and German television star Verona Feldbusch and stressing the fun side of the Expo, under the slogan "Das gibt's nur einmal, es kommt nie wieder" ("This only happens once, it's never coming back"). The German band Kraftwerk created a vocoded speech signature theme, " Expo 2000 ", which was also developed into a single of the same name. Later,

4788-456: The earth that we need to live. We hear the investiture words, which interpret the Last Supper, which are words of salvation for the people. The Altar Window from O. Brenneisen (1949) shows Jesus and two of his disciples. Predominantly in the summer time during the time of the church service the sun touches the face of Jesus and lets the golden-yellow aureole and the barely visible red cross around his head light up. The travelling light then reaches

4872-416: The entrance of the Georgengarten . Near the Old Town is the district of Calenberger Neustadt where the Catholic St. Clement's Basilica , the Reformed Church and the Lutheran Neustädter Hof- und Stadtkirche St. Johannis stand. Some other popular sights are the Waterloo Column , the Laves House , the Wangenheim Palace , the Lower Saxony State Archives , the Hanover Playhouse , the Kröpcke Clock ,

4956-450: The exhibitor countries. Small retail locations were also set up to supply Expo merchandise. The United States reversed its decision to take part at a relatively late stage, and the area set aside for the American pavilion was left undeveloped. 40,000,000 visitors were expected at Expo 2000, but only 25,210,000 people came to see the event. This led to a financial deficit of about US$ 600,000,000. With pre-ordered tickets priced at 69 DM,

5040-404: The fairground are the Hermes Tower (88.8 metres or 291 feet high) and the EXPO Roof , the largest wooden roof in the world. In the district of Anderten is the European Cheese Centre , termed a "Cheese Experience Centre." Another tourist sight in Anderten is the Hindenburg Lock , which was the biggest lock in Europe when it was constructed in 1928. The Tiergarten in the district of Kirchrode

5124-455: The first syllable, is applied to both the German and English spellings, which is different from German pronunciation, with stress on the second syllable and a long second vowel. The traditional English spelling is still used in historical contexts, especially when referring to the British House of Hanover . Hanover was founded in medieval times on the east bank of the Leine River. Its original name Honovere may mean 'high river bank', but that

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5208-425: The following extreme values: The city of Hanover is divided into 13 boroughs ( Stadtbezirke ) and 53 quarters ( Stadtteile ). A selection of the 53 quarters: The current mayor of Hanover is Belit Onay of Alliance 90/The Greens , elected in 2019. The most recent mayoral election was held on 17 October 2019, with a runoff held on 10 November, and the results were as follows: The Hanover city council governs

5292-406: The history of Hanover, from the medieval settlement "Honovere" to the city of today. The museum focuses on the period from 1714 to 1834 when Hanover had a strong relationship with the British royal family of that period. With more than 4,000 members, the Kestnergesellschaft is the largest art society in Germany. The museum hosts exhibitions from classical modernist art to contemporary art. Emphasis

5376-433: The interior room of the church. A man from Saxony manufactured the chandelier in the 1990s. He did it after old drafts but developed it with new age form perception. Models of the Chandelier can be found for example in the Hildesheimer and the Aachener cathedral. Twelve gateways maimed with battlements, six towers and six houses decorate the polished brass rim (the twelve houses of Israel and the twelve apostles). It symbolizes

5460-468: The largest Vietnamese communities in former West Germany due to its close distance to former East Germany . The Viên Giác pagoda in Mittelfeld, southern district of Hanover is the largest Vietnamese pagoda in Germany and one of the largest in Europe. Hanover is one of the liveable cities due to its good location and good population size. It is the fifth-largest city in the Low German dialect area after Hamburg, Dortmund , Essen and Bremen. Hanover

5544-414: The most varied collection of orchids in Europe. Some points of interest are the Tropical House , the Cactus House , the Canary House and the Orchid House , and free-flying birds and butterflies. Near the entrance to the Berggarten is the historic Library Pavillon . The Mausoleum of the Guelphs is also in the Berggarten. Like the Great Garden, the Berggarten also consists of several parts, for example

5628-408: The new Chandelier. The Portal of the Herrenhäuser Kirche shows attributes of the Gothic style as the case may be neo-Gothic in case of the gable frame above the door (also called tympanum ). In the four centered arch you can see on the front and on the inner side ribbon – like ornaments ( Archivolt ) that run left and right of the portal in each three pillars which mark the vestment of

5712-417: The new Jerusalem, which is described in the Revelation of John 21, 10ff. John sees the new Jerusalem floating down from the sky. This is the way the Chandelier wants to be considered: It floats between the church dome and the ground on which we are standing. The new Jerusalem (= paradise on earth) is promised but not tangible yet. Three big roundels, three galleries, each carried by three round arches, surround

5796-460: The pillars of the altar are covered in gold. Among themselves they are connected with the trefoil elements (the trinity carries and interlaces the christening). 52°23′36″N 9°41′24″E  /  52.3933°N 9.6899°E  / 52.3933; 9.6899 Hanover Hanover ( / ˈ h æ n oʊ v ər , - n ə v -/ HAN -oh-vər, HAN -ə-vər ; German : Hannover [haˈnoːfɐ] ; Low German : Hannober )

5880-400: The responsible department of the Evangelical-Lutheran Church of Hanover to restore the original arrangement. Installation of a glass wall led to the creation of an anteroom before the actual church interior underneath the organ loft. This led to the capacity of seats going down to 650 places. This restoration started in the 1980s and ended in the beginning of the 1990s with the installation of

5964-407: The same time the transition from life to death and to eternal life is shown – ultimately this procedure is a secret of god. The quire arch represents the heavenly Jerusalem . Two trees are growing from the heavenly city Jerusalem which established deep rests upon twelve fundaments: 1. The tree of life; 2. The tree of acknowledgment of good and bad. The Pulpit is the place from which the word of god

6048-711: The tank factory M.N.H. Maschinenfabrik Niedersachsen (Badenstedt). Residential areas were also targeted, and more than 6,000 civilians were killed by the Allied bombing raids. More than 90% of the city centre was destroyed in a total of 88 bombing raids. After the war, the Aegidienkirche was not rebuilt and its ruins were left as a war memorial. Today around 25 % of the city consists of buildings from before 1950. The Allied ground advance into Germany reached Hanover in April 1945. The US 84th Infantry Division captured

6132-400: The two disciples. The lower altar area is edged with a red royal coat which is interrupted through four green spaces around the altar window. This reminds of the crucifixion of Jesus. Green stands for new life and for the hope of resurrection. Six angels, next to and above the altar window, point out that Jesus was accompanied by angels from his birth to his death and his resurrection. Angels are

6216-563: The visitor opens the glass door to the service room he sees a wooden ribbon on which is printed the Lord’s Prayer in gothic font over the whole length of the glass wall at height of the door knob (Draft: Reinhold Kniehl, sculptor and stonemason). The person who opens the door lays their hand on the following words of the Lord’s Prayer: "And forgive us our debts, as we also have forgiven our debtors." (Matthew 6, 12) The big Chandelier controls

6300-530: The war seven concentration camps were constructed in Hanover, in which many Jews were confined, but also Polish , French and Russian women. Of the approximately 4,800 Jews who had lived in Hanover in 1938, fewer than 100 were still in the city when troops of the United States Army arrived on 10 April 1945 to occupy Hanover at the end of the war. Today, a memorial at the Opera Square is

6384-471: The world. The Hanover Zoo received the Park Scout Award for the fourth year running in 2009–10, placing it among the best zoos in Germany. The zoo consists of several theme areas: Sambesi, Meyers Farm, Gorilla-Mountain, Jungle-Palace, and Mullewapp. Some smaller areas are Australia, the wooded area for wolves, and the so-called swimming area with many seabirds. There is also a tropical house,

6468-587: The world. It provides 496,000 square metres (5.34 million square feet) of covered indoor space, 58,000 square metres (620 thousand square feet) of open-air space, 27 halls and pavilions. Many of the Exhibition Centre's halls are architectural highlights. Furthermore, it offers the Convention Center with its 35 function rooms, glassed-in areas between halls, grassy park-like recreation zones and its own heliport. Two important sights on

6552-665: The world. Hanover hosts annual commercial trade fairs such as the Hanover Fair and up to 2018 the CeBIT . The IAA Commercial Vehicles show takes place every two years. It is the world's leading trade show for transport, logistics and mobility. Every year Hanover hosts the Schützenfest Hanover , the world's largest marksmen's festival, and the Oktoberfest Hanover . The name of the city may derive from

6636-580: Was George I Louis , who acceded to the British throne in 1714. The last British monarch who reigned in Hanover was William IV . Semi-Salic law , which required succession by the male line if possible, forbade the accession of Queen Victoria in Hanover. As a male-line descendant of George I, Queen Victoria was herself a member of the House of Hanover. Her descendants, however, bore her husband's titular name of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha . Three kings of Great Britain, or

6720-863: Was a major target for strategic bombing during World War II , including the Oil Campaign . Targets included the AFA ( Stöcken ), the Deurag-Nerag refinery ( Misburg ), the Continental plants ( Vahrenwald and Limmer ), the United light metal works (VLW) in Ricklingen and Laatzen (today Hanover fairground ), the Hanover/Limmer rubber reclamation plant , the Hanomag factory ( Linden ) and

6804-622: Was installed. A local newspaper, the Hanoverscher Kurier , was published in Hanover at this time. After 1937 the lord mayor and the state commissioners of Hanover were members of the NSDAP (Nazi party). A large Jewish population then existed in Hanover. In October 1938, 484 Hanoverian Jews of Polish origin were expelled to Poland, including the Grynszpan family . However, Poland refused to accept them, leaving them stranded at

6888-529: Was reconstructed and reopened in 2013. Among its points of interest is the Grotto, with the interior designed by French artist Niki de Saint Phalle . The Great Garden consists of several parts and features Europe's tallest garden fountain. The historic Garden Theatre has hosted the musicals of the German rock musician Heinz Rudolf Kunze . Also at Herrenhausen, the Berggarten is a botanical garden with

6972-564: Was situated on the original 1,000,000 square meters of the Hanover fairground ; an additional 600,000 m was also made available as a newly opened section of the grounds. As a visitor walked in and tickets were taken, looking above to the approximately four-story-high ceiling, a visitor would have noticed the huge circular pods that held large TVs showing animated people greeting the visitors and providing tourist information in different languages. Some ten large McDonald's restaurants were also built, along with restaurants representing several of

7056-805: Was the site of EXPO 2000 fair. Some points of interest are the Planet M. , the former German Pavillon , some nations' vacant pavilions, the Expowale , the EXPO-Plaza and the EXPO-Gardens (Parc Agricole, EXPO-Park South and the Gardens of change). The fairground can be reached by the Exponale , one of the largest pedestrian bridges in Europe. The Hanover Fairground is the largest exhibition centre in

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