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22-485: Hestesletten ( 54°18′S 36°31′W  /  54.300°S 36.517°W  / -54.300; -36.517 ) is a glacial plain between the Hamberg Lakes and Cumberland East Bay , South Georgia . It is covered with tussock and is almost 2 miles (3.2 km) long in a northeast–southwest direction and 0.75 miles (1.2 km) wide. It is, along with Salisbury Plain , one of the few substantial flat areas on

44-469: A century, which carry down large volumes of sediment. The Gaspé Peninsula that makes up the essential part of southern Quebec (Lower St-Lawrence and Gaspé areas) also contains several examples of paleo-sandar, dating from the Pleistocene ice melt. One of the sandurs from which the general name is derived is Skeiðarársandur , a broad sandy wasteland along Iceland's south-eastern coast, between

66-540: A depression that fills with water. The flow pattern of glacial rivers across sandar is typically diffuse and unchannelized, but in situations where the glacial snout has retreated from the terminal moraine , the flow is more channelized. Sandurs are most common in Iceland, where geothermal activity beneath ice caps speeds up the deposition of sediment by meltwater. As well as regular geothermal activity, volcanic activity gives rise to large glacial bursts several times

88-704: A small herd of horses were introduced by the South Georgia Exploration Company in 1905, surviving here for a number of years. During the Falklands War , on 25 April 1982, Royal Marines landed here, and went to King Edward Point , where Argentine forces surrendered later that day. [REDACTED]  This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Geological Survey . This South Georgia and

110-567: Is 140,599 as of the 2011 census . It is also noted as the only region outside the Channel Islands to contain native speakers of Jersey Norman . Sea cliffs dominate the peninsula's northern shore along the St. Lawrence River. Cap Gaspé , jutting into the Gulf of St. Lawrence, is the easternmost point of the peninsula. Percé Rock (or Rocher Percé ), an island pierced by a natural arch ,

132-532: Is a nearly flat plateau about 13 km (8 mi) across composed of serpentine bedrock and supporting quite unusual flora. The ascent of Mount Albert from near sea level is challenging, but popular with hikers, offering a view of the St. Lawrence and the Côte-Nord , the river's north shore, part of the ancient bedrock of the Canadian Shield . The interior portions of the peninsula are dominated by

154-604: Is just offshore of the peninsula's eastern end. The peninsula's interior is a rugged northward continuation of the Appalachian Mountains called the Chic-Chocs , with Mount Jacques-Cartier at 1,268 metres (4,160 ft) the peninsula's highest peak. Mount Albert (Mont Albert) at 1,151 m (3,776 ft) is another high mountain in the Chic-Chocs. Its summit, an alpine area above the tree line ,

176-430: Is where some of the highest level of sediment deposit occurred and also where the largest erosion happened afterward. This indicates that these massive jökulhlaup deposits may have a large geomorphic impact in the short term, but the net change on the surface relief could be minimal after a couple of years to a decade. The observed change of Skeiðarársandur from a diffuse to a channelized distributary system where it has

198-604: The Grímsvötn volcano, with peak flow estimated to be 50,000 m /s (1,800,000 cu ft/s) compared to the normal summer peak flow of 200 to 400 m /s (7,100–14,100 cu ft/s). Net deposition of sediment was estimated to be 12,800,000 m (450,000,000 cu ft). The main braided channels of Skeiðarársandur are the Gígjukvísl and Skeiðará rivers, which incurred net gains of 29 and 24 cm (11.4 and 9.4 in) respectively during

220-573: The Vatnajökull icecap and the sea. Volcanic eruptions under the icecap have given rise to many large glacial bursts ( jökulhlaups in Icelandic ), most recently in 1996, when the Ring Road was washed away (minor floods have also occurred since then). This road, which encircles Iceland and was completed in 1974, has since been repaired. The 1996 jökulhlaup was caused by the eruption of

242-600: The Chic-Choc Mountains , part of the Notre Dame Mountains , an extension of the Appalachian Mountains . The town of Murdochville , at about 660 metres (2,170 ft) above sea level, has had a varied history, and is now home to several wind turbines . It is reached by Route 198 , which extends inland from the northern shore of the peninsula, soon climbing into the mountains and entering vast forests, crossing several small rivers before reaching

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264-697: The Matapedia Valley in Quebec , Canada, into the Gulf of St. Lawrence . It is separated from New Brunswick on its southern side by Chaleur Bay and the Restigouche River . The name Gaspé comes from the Mi'kmaq word gespe'g , meaning "end", referring to the end of the land. The Gaspé Peninsula is slightly larger than Belgium, at 31,075 square kilometres (11,998 sq mi). The population

286-537: The 1996 jökulhlaup, nearly half of the net gain had been eroded 4 years after the flood. These two rivers on the sandur display drastically different erosional patterns. The difference in sediment erosion can be attributed to the 2 km (1.2 mi) wide trench near the terminus where the Gígjukvísl flows, in contrast with the Skeiðará , which has braided flows directly onto the outwash plain. The Gígjukvísl river

308-406: The 1996 jökulhlaup. In the Gígjukvísl there was massive sediment deposition of up to 12 m (39 ft), which occurred closest to the terminus of the glacier. The erosional patterns of Skeiðarársandur can be seen by looking at the centimetre-scale elevation differences measured with repeat-pass laser altimetry ( LIDAR ) flown in 1996 (pre-flood), 1997, and 2001. Of the overall deposition during

330-572: The South Sandwich Islands location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Outwash plain Sandurs are found in glaciated areas, such as Svalbard , Kerguelen Islands , and Iceland . Glaciers and icecaps contain large amounts of silt and sediment, picked up as they erode the underlying rocks when they move slowly downhill, and at the snout of the glacier, meltwater can carry this sediment away from

352-537: The eastern part of the Cheshire Plain and beneath Morecambe Bay , both in northwest England . 'Valley sandur' deposits are recorded from various localities in that same region. Gasp%C3%A9 Peninsula The Gaspé Peninsula , also known as Gaspesia ( French : Gaspésie , [ɡaspezi] ; Mi'kmaq : Gespe'gewa'ki ), is a peninsula along the south shore of the St. Lawrence River that extends from

374-495: The glacier and deposit it on a broad plain. The material in the outwash plain is often size-sorted by the water runoff of the melting glacier with the finest materials, like silt, being the most distantly re-deposited, whereas larger boulders are the closest to the original terminus of the glacier. An outwash plain might contain surficial braided stream complexes that rework the original deposits. They may also contain kettle lakes , locations where blocks of ice have melted, leaving

396-404: The island. Junction Valley slopes eastward from Echo Pass to Hestesletten, connecting the two. Zenker Ridge, a low moraine ridge, extends along the east side of Hestesletten. It runs southwest from Discovery Point at the entrance of Moraine Fjord to Osmic Hill. Osmic Hill rises 305 m (1,001 ft) from the surrounding plain, marking the north limit of an undulating ridge of hills on

418-450: The most observed sediment deposit has a significant impact on the development of the fluvial succession in the proximal zone. However, in order to have sustained active accretion across the entire sandur there needs to be a diffuse, multipoint distribution system. The system of accumulation on Skeiðarársandur , which is a product of glacier retreat, can be seen as multiple regions of differing channel patterns that distribute sediment across

440-533: The plain in dynamic configurations. Fossil sandar (i.e. no longer active) are found in areas which were formerly glaciated. An example would be the Usk Valley of South Wales where, towards the end of the last ice age , the receding Usk valley glacier left behind a series of recessional moraines and sandar deposits down-valley of them. Many of the sandar surfaces are still visible, albeit degraded over succeeding millennia. Extensive sandar are also recorded in

462-493: The town. From Murdochville, Route 198 follows the York River to the city of Gaspé on the peninsula's eastern tip. The peninsula's economy has historically been focused on fishing, agriculture and forestry. But primary resource-based industries are suffering due to overfishing , overexploitation , and fewer numbers of farmers in business, forcing the region to move towards tourism and the services industry . The peninsula

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484-689: The west side of Moraine Fjord. This area was first charted by the Swedish Antarctic Expedition , 1901–04, under Nordenskjöld . Both Zenker Ridge and Osmic Hill were named by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) following their sketch survey in 1951, both names being derived from chemical fixatives ( Zenker's fixative and Osmic acid ) used in biological work by the FIDS. The name "Hestesletten" ( Norwegian for "Horses' Plain") arose because

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