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12-562: The ancient provincial capital ( Hitachi Kokufu ) and temple ( Hitachi Kokubun-ji ) were located near modern Ishioka and have been excavated, while the chief shrine was further east at Kashima ( Kashima Shrine ). The province was established in the 7th century. In the Sengoku period the area was divided among several daimyōs , but the chief castle was usually in the Mito Castle of the modern city of Mito . In Edo period , one of

24-569: A National Historic Site since 2010. In the Nara period, after the Taika Reform (645 AD) and centralization of the administration of Japan following Chinese models (the Ritsuryō system), the nation was divided into provinces, each with an official capital constructed per a uniform layout and standard, and headed by an appointed kokushi , who replaced the older Kuni no miyatsuko . With

36-419: A palisade. This layout continued for about 300 years with the size of the main building expanding into a seven bay hall, and the type of buildings changing to foundation-stone supported pillars from pillars buried directly in the soil. From the 10th century onwards, the outer enclosure disappeared, but the 8th-century east-to-west moat with a width of about 4 meters was retained. The complex was destroyed during

48-463: A recess or compartment. The term bay comes from Old French baie , meaning an opening or hole. The Japanese ken and Korean kan are both bays themselves and measurements based upon their number and standard placement. Under the Joseon , Koreans were allocated a set number of bays in their residential architecture based upon their class. This architectural element –related article

60-491: A square layout, the provincial capital mirrored the layout of Fujiwara-kyō and then Heijō-kyō , which in turn were modeled on the Tang capital Chang'an . Each had office buildings for administration, finance, police and military and the official building of the governor, as well as granaries for tax rice and other taxable produce. In the periphery there was the provincial temple ( kokubun-ji ), and nunnery ( kokubun-niji ) and

72-550: The Tengyō no Ran ( Taira no Masakado rebellion) of 939 AD and appears to have been abandoned some time thereafter. The site is located about 13 minutes on foot from Ishioka Station on the JR East Jōban Line . The site has been backfilled, and the school constructed over the ruins, so nothing remains visible at the site. Bay (architecture) In architecture , a bay is the space between architectural elements, or

84-603: The Hitachi kingdom before it was fully incorporated into the Yamato state . The earliest rulers of the area, the Kuni no miyatsuko include Kudara-no-kuni Kishi Empo ( 百済王遠宝 ) (d.734), indicating a connection with the royal house of Baekje , many of whose members fled as refugees to Japan after the defeat of Baekje by the Tang - Silla alliance in 660 AD. The ruins were discovered in the schoolyard of Ishioka Elementary School during

96-514: The clans originating from Tokugawa Ieyasu , settled in the Mito Domain , known as Mito Tokugawa family or Mito Clan. Mito Domain, was a Japanese domain of the Edo period it was associated with Hitachi Province. In Meiji era the political maps of the provinces of Japan were reformed in the 1870s, and the provinces became prefectures, and also some provinces were modified or merged, when creating

108-527: The garrison. This system collapsed with the growth of feudalism in the late Heian period, and the locations of many of the provincial capitals is now lost. The Hitachi Kokufu archaeological site is located on the Ishioka plateau formed by the Sanno River and Koise River which flow into Lake Kasumigaura . This area has a dense concentration of kofun tumuli, and is believed to have been the center of

120-459: The prefectures. Two renowned history books about Japan were written in this province: Hitachi Kokufu The Hitachi Kokufu ( 常陸国府 ) was the provincial capital of Hitachi Province in the late Nara period though Heian period . It was located in the Soja neighborhood of the city of Ishioka , Ibaraki Prefecture in the northern Kantō region of Japan. The ruins have been protected as

132-405: The rebuilding of the school building in 1970. The preliminary excavation survey in 1970 discovered the foundations of large north and south wing buildings, and many roof tiles with inscriptions were excavated, confirming the remains to be that of the Hitachi provincial capital. As a result of the excavations from 1998 to 1999 and from 2001 to 2007 the complete outlines of the layout became clear and

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144-440: The site was designated as a National Historic Site in 2010. The artifacts found all date from the end of the 7th century to the 11th century, and indicate that there were five major reconstructions over its history. In the first half of the 8th century, the layout of the buildings changed drastically, and the buildings were re-arranged from a straight layout to a U-shaped layout within a 100-meter square inner enclosure protected by

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