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32-515: You also may find Wisteria , Metasequoia and Rhododendron among the plants and flowers in the national park. The park covers the below communities. The bulk of the park's area is within Gifu Prefecture. (Only 3,662 ha (14 sq mi) is within the borders of Aichi Prefecture.) This article about a national/quasi-national park or protected area in Japan, or related topic

64-432: A British Received Pronunciation accent, is that words perceived as pretty tend to have a majority of a wide array of criteria; here are some major ones: A perfect example word, according to these findings, is tremulous . Crystal also suggests the invented words ramelon / ˈ r æ m ə l ɒ n / and drematol / ˈ d r ɛ m ə t ɒ l / , which he notes are similar to the types of names often employed in

96-482: A 1991 essay by Jacques Barzun , the 2001 psychological drama film Donnie Darko , and a scene in the 2019 movie Tolkien . The origin of cellar door being considered as an inherently beautiful or musical phrase is mysterious. However, in 2014, Nunberg speculated that the phenomenon might have arisen from Philip Wingate and Henry W. Petrie 's 1894 hit song "I Don't Want to Play in Your Yard", which contains

128-573: A budding and often subjective field of study, with no scientifically or otherwise formally established definition; today, it mostly exists as a marginal branch of psychology , phonetics , or poetics . More broadly, the British linguist David Crystal has regarded phonaesthetics as the study of "phonaesthesia" (i.e., sound symbolism and phonesthemes ): that not just words but even certain sound combinations carry meaning. For example, he shows that English speakers tend to associate unpleasantness with

160-408: A few years, as in W. macrostachya (Kentucky wisteria), or nearly twenty, as in W. sinensis . Maturation can be forced by physically abusing the main trunk , root pruning, or drought stress. Wisteria can grow into a mound when unsupported, but is at its best when allowed to clamber up a tree, pergola , wall, or other supporting structure. W. floribunda (Japanese wisteria) with longer racemes

192-423: A snicker / And, chuckling, they knuckle the keys". David Crystal 's 1995 paper "Phonaesthetically Speaking" explores lists, created by reader polls and individual writers, of English words that are commonly regarded as sounding beautiful, to search for any patterns within the words' phonetics. Frequently recurring example words in these lists include gossamer , melody , and tranquil . Crystal's finding, assuming

224-622: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Wisteria Wisteria is a genus of flowering plants in the legume family, Fabaceae (Leguminosae). The genus includes four species of woody twining vines that are native to China , Japan , Korea , Vietnam , southern Canada , the Eastern United States , and north of Iran . They were later introduced to France, Germany and various other countries in Europe. Some species are popular ornamental plants. The genus name

256-711: Is also used as the English name, and may then be spelt 'wistaria'. In some countries in Western and Central Europe, Wisteria is also known by a variant spelling of the genus in which species were formerly placed, Glycine . Examples include the French glycines , the German Glyzinie , and the Polish glicynia . The aquatic flowering plant commonly called wisteria or 'water wisteria' is Hygrophila difformis , in

288-486: Is debate over whether the concentration outside of the seeds is sufficient to cause poisoning. Wisteria seeds have caused poisoning in children and pets of many countries, producing mild to severe gastroenteritis and other effects. In North America, W. floribunda (Japanese wisteria) and W. sinensis (Chinese wisteria) are far more popular than other species for their abundance of flowers, clusters of large flowers, variety of flower colors, and fragrance. W. sinensis

320-560: Is in spring (just before or as the leaves open) in some Asian species, and in mid to late summer in the American species. The genus Wisteria was established by Thomas Nuttall in 1818. He based the genus on Wisteria frutescens , previously included in the genus Glycine . Nuttall stated that he named the genus in memory of the American physician and anatomist Caspar Wistar (1761–1818). Both men were living in Philadelphia at

352-521: Is often furthered by the combined effect of the meaning beyond just the sounds themselves. The California Federation of Chaparral Poets uses Emily Dickinson 's " A Bird came down the Walk " as an example of euphonious poetry, one passage being "...Oars divide the Ocean, / Too silver for a seam" and John Updike 's "Player Piano" as an example of cacophonous poetry, one passage being "My stick fingers click with

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384-539: Is the Sierra Madre Wisteria in Sierra Madre, California , measuring more than 1 acre (0.40 ha) in size and weighing 250 tons. Planted in 1894, it is of the 'Chinese lavender' variety. The leaves are alternate, 15 to 35 cm long, pinnate , with 9 to 19 leaflets. The flowers have drooping racemes that vary in length from species to species. W. frutescens (American wisteria) has

416-518: Is the best choice to grow along a pergola. W. sinensis (Chinese wisteria) with shorter racemes is the best choice for growing along a wall. Whatever the case, the support must be very sturdy, because mature wisteria can become immensely strong with heavy wrist-thick trunks and stems . These can collapse latticework, crush thin wooden posts, and even strangle large trees. Wisteria allowed to grow on houses can cause damage to gutters, downspouts, and similar structures. Wisteria flowers develop in buds near

448-530: Is the study of the beauty and pleasantness associated with the sounds of certain words or parts of words. The term was first used in this sense, perhaps by J. R. R. Tolkien , during the mid-20th century and derives from Ancient Greek φωνή ( phōnḗ )  'voice, sound' and αἰσθητική ( aisthētikḗ )  ' aesthetics '. Speech sounds have many aesthetic qualities, some of which are subjectively regarded as euphonious (pleasing) or cacophonous (displeasing). Phonaesthetics remains

480-619: The Fuji Musume (or 'The Wisteria Maiden'), is the sole extant dance of a series of five personifying dances in which a maiden becomes the embodiment of the spirit of wisteria. In the West, both in building materials such as tile, as well as stained glass, wisterias have been used both in realism and stylistically in artistic works and industrial design. Euphony Phonaesthetics (also spelled phonesthetics in North America )

512-517: The Shakespeare scholar Cyrus Lauron Hooper. It has been promoted as beautiful-sounding by various writers; linguist Geoffrey Nunberg specifically names the writers H. L. Mencken in 1920; David Allan Robertson in 1921; Dorothy Parker , Hendrik Willem van Loon , and Albert Payson Terhune in the 1930s; George Jean Nathan in 1935; J. R. R. Tolkien in a lecture, " English and Welsh ", delivered in 1955 (in which he described his reverence for

544-574: The Welsh language and about which he said " cellar doors [i.e. beautiful words] are extraordinarily frequent"; see also Sound and language in Middle-earth ); and C. S. Lewis in 1963. Furthermore, the phenomenon itself is touched upon in many sources and media, including a 1905 issue of Harper's Magazine by William Dean Howells , the 1967 novel Why Are We in Vietnam? by Norman Mailer ,

576-659: The Portuguese botanist and geologist José Francisco Corrêa da Serra , who lived in Philadelphia beginning in 1812, four years before his appointment as ambassador of Portugal to the United States, and a friend of Wistar, proposed the name "Wistaria" in his obituary of Wistar. As the spelling is apparently deliberate, there is no justification for changing the genus name under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants . The genus

608-552: The World Online accepted four species: Wisteria species are used as food by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including the brown-tail moth . The seeds are produced in pods similar to those of Laburnum , and, like the seeds of that genus, are poisonous . All parts of the plant contain a saponin called wisterin, which is toxic if ingested, and may cause dizziness , confusion, speech problems, nausea, vomiting , stomach pains, diarrhea and collapse. There

640-457: The base of the previous year's growth, so pruning back side shoots to the basal few buds in early spring can enhance the visibility of the flowers. If it is desired to control the size of the plant, the side shoots can be shortened to between 20 and 40 cm long in midsummer, and back to 10 to 20 centimetres (3.9 to 7.9 in) in the fall. Once the plant is a few years old, a relatively compact, free-flowering form can be achieved by pruning off

672-499: The centuries and were a popular symbol in mon (family crests) and heraldry. Wisteria is one of the five most commonly used motifs in the mon , and there are more than 150 types of wisteria mon . Because of its longevity and fertility, wisteria was considered an auspicious plant and was favored as a mon , and was adopted and popularized by the Fujiwara clan as their mon . One popular dance in kabuki known as

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704-466: The family Acanthaceae . Wisterias climb by twining their stems around any available support. W. floribunda (Japanese wisteria) twines clockwise when viewed from above, while W. sinensis (Chinese wisteria) twines counterclockwise. This is an aid in identifying the two most common species of wisteria. They can climb as high as 20 m (66 ft) above the ground and spread out 10 m (33 ft) laterally. The world's largest known wisteria

736-1007: The longest racemes of wisteria species, is decorative and has given rise to many cultivars that have won the prestigious Award of Garden Merit . Wisteria, especially W. sinensis (Chinese wisteria), is very hardy and fast-growing. It can grow in fairly poor-quality soils, but prefers fertile, moist, well-drained soil. It thrives in full sun. It can be propagated via hardwood cutting, softwood cuttings, or seed. However, specimens grown from seed can take decades to bloom; for this reason, gardeners usually grow plants that have been started from rooted cuttings or grafted cultivars known to flower well. Another reason for failure to bloom can be excessive fertilizer (particularly nitrogen ). Wisteria has nitrogen fixing capability (provided by Rhizobia bacteria in root nodules), and thus mature plants may benefit from added potassium and phosphate , but not nitrogen. Finally, wisteria can be reluctant to bloom before it has reached maturity. Maturation may require only

768-557: The lyric "You'll be sorry when you see me sliding down our cellar door." Following the song's success, "slide down my cellar door" became a popular catchphrase up until the 1930s or 1940s to mean engaging in a type of friendship or camaraderie reminiscent of childhood innocence. A 1914 essay about Edgar Allan Poe 's choice of the word "Nevermore" in his 1845 poem " The Raven " as being based on euphony may have spawned an unverified legend, propagated by syndicated columnists like Frank Colby in 1949 and L. M. Boyd in 1979, that cellar door

800-413: The marketing of pharmaceutical drugs. The English compound noun cellar door has been widely cited as an example of a word or phrase that is beautiful purely in terms of its sound (i.e., euphony) without inherent regard for its meaning . The phenomenon of cellar door being regarded as euphonious appears to have begun in the very early twentieth century, first attested in the 1903 novel Gee-Boy by

832-755: The new tendrils three times during the growing season in the summer months. The flowers of some varieties are edible, and can even be used to make wine. Others are said to be toxic. Careful identification by an expert is strongly recommended before consuming this or any wild plant. In the United Kingdom, the national collection of wisteria is held by Chris Lane at the Witch Hazel Nursery in Newington , near Sittingbourne in Kent . Wisteria and their racemes have been widely used in Japan throughout

864-616: The shortest racemes, 5–7 centimetres (2.0–2.8 in). W. floribunda (Japanese wisteria) has the longest racemes, 90 centimetres (35 in) in some varieties and 120 centimetres (47 in) or 200 centimetres (79 in) in some cultivars . The flowers come in a variety of colors, including white, lilac, purple, and pink, and some W. brachybotrys (Silky wisteria) and W. floribunda cultivars have particularly remarkable colors. The flowers are fragrant, and especially cultivars of W. brachybotrys , W. floribunda , and W. sinensis are noted for their sweet and musky scents. Flowering

896-696: The sound sl- in such words as sleazy , slime , slug , and slush , or they associate repetition lacking any particular shape with -tter in such words as chatter , glitter , flutter , and shatter . Euphony is the effect of sounds being perceived as pleasant, rhythmical, lyrical, or harmonious. Cacophony is the effect of sounds being perceived as harsh, unpleasant, chaotic, and often discordant; these sounds are perhaps meaningless and jumbled together. Compare with consonance and dissonance in music. In poetry, for example, euphony may be used deliberately to convey comfort, peace, or serenity, while cacophony may be used to convey discomfort, pain, or disorder. This

928-620: The time, where Wistar was a professor in the School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania . Questioned about the spelling later, Nuttall said it was for " euphony ", but his biographer speculated that it may have something to do with Nuttall's friend Charles Jones Wister Sr., of Grumblethorpe , the grandson of the merchant John Wister . Various sources assert that the naming occurred in Philadelphia . It has been suggested that

960-475: Was Poe's favorite phrase. Tolkien, Lewis, and others have suggested that cellar door 's auditory beauty becomes more apparent the more the word is dissociated from its literal meaning, for example, by using alternative spellings such as Selador , Selladore , Celador , Selidor (an island name in Ursula K. Le Guin 's Earthsea ), or Salidar ( Robert Jordan 's The Wheel of Time series,) which take on

992-485: Was brought to the United States for horticultural purposes in 1816, while W. floribunda was introduced around 1830. Because of their hardiness and tendency to escape cultivation , these non-native wisterias are considered invasive species in many parts of the U.S. , especially the Southeast , due to their ability to overtake and choke out other native plant species. W. floribunda (Japanese wisteria), which has

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1024-477: Was previously placed in the tribe Millettieae . Molecular phylogenetic studies from 2000 onwards showed that Wisteria , along with other genera such as Callerya and Afgekia , were related and quite distinct from other members of the Millettieae. A more detailed study in 2019 reached the same conclusion, and moved Wisteria to the expanded tribe Wisterieae . As of September 2023 , Plants of

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