Philosophers
75-524: Works Highness (abbreviation HH , oral address Your Highness ) is a formal style used to address (in second person ) or refer to (in third person ) certain members of a reigning or formerly reigning dynasty . It is typically used with a possessive adjective : "His Highness", "Her Highness" (HH), "Their Highnesses", etc. Although often combined with other adjectives of honour indicating rank, such as "Imperial", "Royal" or "Serene", it may be used alone. Highness is, both literally and figuratively,
150-400: A letter of credence accrediting an ambassador from one head of state to another. The term self-styled , or soi-disant , roughly means awarding a style to oneself, often without adequate justification or authority, but the expression often refers to descriptions or titles (such as "aunt", "expert", "Doctor", or "King"), rather than true styles in the sense of this article. Though
225-409: A government or company), and may often be used in conjunction with a personal title . A style, by tradition or law , precedes a reference to a person who holds a post or political office and is sometimes used to refer to the office itself. An honorific can also be awarded to an individual in a personal capacity. Such styles are particularly associated with monarchies , where they may be used by
300-543: A higher style. During the short-lived Luz de America uprising of 1809 in modern-day Ecuador , the Junta de Gobierno Autónoma de Quito ("Autonomous Government Junta of [the Royal Audiencia of] Quito "), granted its president, Juan Pío de Montúfar, 2nd Marquis of Selva Alegre , the style of Most Serene Highness , while claiming for itself the collective dignity of " Majesty " (as it purported to be acting in
375-408: A wife of an office holder or of a prince of the blood, for the duration of their marriage . They are also almost universally used for presidents in republics and in many countries for members of legislative bodies , higher-ranking judges , and senior constitutional office holders. Leading religious figures also have styles. The second-person (singular and plural) possessive adjective your
450-510: Is internationally also equal to His Royal Highness . Jalalat Mahab was still used for other cadet branches by customary law and in light of the law of royal expenses, based on Article 13 and 24 of the Royal Constitution of 1964. Cadet branches include: The King himself held the title Alaa Hazrat Humayoon which literally translated means His Most Noble Majesty , and can be equalized with His Majesty internationally. Despite
525-410: Is only one at a time (e.g., president, speaker, governor, or mayor) are only officially used by the current office holder. However, titles for offices of which there are many concurrent office holders (e.g., ambassador, senator, judge, professor or military ranks, especially colonel and above) are retained for life: A retired U.S. Army general is addressed as "General (Name)" officially and socially for
600-550: Is regarded as equal to His Highness internationally. A legal ground for it is a strengthened ius cogens within the Afghan royal family with gateways in the first written constitution of Afghanistan issued by Abdur Rahman Khan in year 1890 and amended by Amanullah Khan in year 1923. Prince Daoud Khan , a member of the Telai cadet branch and Cousin of the last Afghan King Zahir Shah , acting as prime minister under his cousin held
675-475: Is still widely used as an informal practice; e.g., Jimmy Carter is still often called President Carter. The Vice President is typically referred to as "former Vice President", such as "former Vice President Mike Pence." Similarly, governors are typically addressed in later life as "Governor (Name)", particularly if running for further political office. Mitt Romney , for example, was frequently referred to as "Governor Romney" during his 2012 presidential campaign and
750-633: Is used as a form of address (that is, when speaking directly to the person[s] entitled to the style[s]); the third-person possessive adjectives his/her' (singular) and their (plural) are used as forms of reference (that is, when speaking about the person[s] entitled to the style[s]). Traditional forms of address at German -speaking universities: Traditional forms of address at Dutch -speaking universities: Traditional forms of address at Italian -speaking universities: Philosophers Works General tradition indicates that monarchs who have ceased to reign but not renounced their hereditary titles, retain
825-621: The Dutch and Norwegian dynasties. The Almanach de Gotha and Burke's Peerage continued to ascribe Highness to members of deposed dynasties of ducal rank. Among the nobility, the Almanach de Gotha notes that Highness was accorded to the heads of the families of Murat (a royal dynasty during the Napoleonic era), Hohenberg , Teck and all members of the House of Ligne . The style
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#1732780085444900-752: The House of Habsburg-Lorraine , but are also related through marriage to several other European dynasties, including the Grand Ducal Family of Luxembourg and the Princely Family of Liechtenstein . They also descend from King George II of Great Britain through his daughter Anne, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange , and are therefore distantly related to the British royal family . The Hohenberg family still owns Artstetten Castle in Lower Austria , and parts of this castle are open to
975-478: The Irish vocative forms differ ( a Thaoisigh and a Thánaiste ). The President may be styled 'His/Her Excellency' ( Irish : A Shoilse , IPA: [ə ˈhəil̠ʲʃə] / A Soilse [ə ˈsˠəl̠ʲʃə] ) and addressed 'Your Excellency' (Irish: A Shoilse ), or simply 'President' (Irish: A Uachtaráin [ə ˈuəxt̪ˠəɾˠaːnʲ] ). The titles ' Minister ' and ' Senator ' are used as forms of address; only
1050-763: The Lord Chamberlains ' books, ser. I, p. 791, in Trans. Roy. Hist. Soc. N.S. lOX. 299, where article 15 begins with Also the Kinges Highness hath ordered , 16 with Kinges Majestie , and 17 with Kinges Grace . In the Dedication of the Authorized Version of the Bible of 1611, James I is still styled Majesty and Highness; thus, in the first paragraph: "the appearance of Your Majesty, as of
1125-468: The National Order of San Lorenzo (which was much later revived by Ecuadorian President Camilo Ponce Enríquez in 1959). Antonio López de Santa Anna , enjoyed the official style of Most Serene Highness during his eleventh and final tenure as President of Mexico for life from 1853 until his deposal in 1855. Shortly before the inauguration of George Washington as the first President of
1200-517: The O le Ao o le Malo , the Samoan head of state, has since the country's independence enjoyed the title of Highness , as do the heads of the four paramount chiefly dynasties . However, as all of the heads of state, elected by the Fono , the country's parliament (which is itself almost entirely composed of customary chiefs), since independence have been one of the four chiefs, it is ambiguous as to whether
1275-686: The United Kingdom , Anne, Princess Royal , is styled Her Royal Highness (HRH), her husband, Sir Timothy Laurence , bears no courtesy style by virtue of being her husband (although his mother-in-law, Queen Elizabeth II, has since knighted him), nor do her children bear any title or style, by right or tradition, despite being in the line of succession to the Crown, until 2015 subject to the Royal Marriages Act 1772 . In contrast, when Sophie Rhys-Jones married Prince Edward , she became HRH
1350-481: The cadet branches who are styled as "His/Her Highness" (HH), and in addition to that a reigning king has the title of Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques . The definition of the cadet branches has been legally defined in year 2000 by King Abdullah and includes the following: Very rarely, the style of Highness or variations thereof have been used by non-monarchical heads of state, particularly before
1425-588: The comital houses ( reichsständische Grafen , i.e. Counts of the Empire). In 1825, the Imperial German Diet agreed to grant the style Durchlaucht to the heads of all mediatized princely houses domiciled in Germany elevated to the rank of Fürst are also styled Durchlaucht. In 1829, the style of Erlaucht, which had formerly been borne by the reigning Counts of the empire, was similarly granted to
1500-467: The de facto fall of Barakzai leadership through the Soviet Invasion in year 1978, the address is until today still used out of courtesy. In Saudi Arabia, all members of the royal family have the title of Emir ( Prince ) but sons, daughters, patrilineal granddaughters and grandsons of Ibn Saud are referred to by the style " His Royal Highness " (HRH), differing from those belonging to
1575-574: The heir presumptive to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire . As their marriage was a morganatic one, none of their children was in the line of succession to the Austro-Hungarian throne. Nevertheless, they represent the senior agnatic line of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine . The head of the house bears the title of duke with the style of Highness , while all other members are titled as princes or princesses with
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#17327800854441650-607: The 20th century, and often in cases where the distinction between monarchy and republic was blurred. For example, Oliver Cromwell and his wife were styled "Highness" upon his elevation to Lord Protector of the Commonwealth ; he also enjoyed the style of by the Grace of God , was succeeded by his son , and had even been offered the throne . In the Spanish-speaking world , a handful of leaders historically enjoyed
1725-469: The Countess of Wessex (&c.) and their children are entitled (although they do not use them) to the princely prefix and the style of HRH, and do bear courtesy titles derived from their father. Styles and titles can change when a marriage is dissolved. The Lady Diana Frances Spencer held the style Her Royal Highness during her marriage to HRH The Prince of Wales and the title Princess of Wales . When
1800-543: The Emperor granted Sophie and her descendants the higher style of Durchlaucht ( Serene Highness ). In 1909, the Emperor raised Sophie to the more senior title of Herzogin von Hohenberg (Duchess of Hohenberg) with the superior style of Hoheit ( Highness ) and thereby changed the princely cap on her coat of arms to a duke's crown. Since that title had been granted ad personam , it expired upon Sophie's assassination in 1914. In 1917, Emperor Charles of Austria granted
1875-585: The Jamaican Order of the Nation . Prime ministers and their spouses are also styled this way upon receipt of the Order of the Nation, which is only given to Jamaican governors-general and prime ministers. His Excellency/Her Excellency is used before the name of President of India as well as before of governors of the states. However, it is not mandatory for an Indian citizen to use this style to address
1950-541: The Oath of Office using his nickname). One notable exception involves judges: a judge of any court is almost invariably addressed as "Your Honor" while presiding over his or her court, and often at other times as well. This style has been removed in the Republic of Ireland , where judges are addressed only as "Judge". However, styles are still widely used in formal documents and correspondence between heads of state, such as in
2025-639: The Republic of Ireland does not possess a Privy Council, the style is still used. The Lord Mayor of Dublin is still styled the Right Honourable, as previous lord mayors of Dublin were ex-officio members of the former Irish Privy Council until its abolition in 1922. Duke of Hohenberg The House of Hohenberg is an Austrian and Czech noble family that descends from Countess Sophie Chotek (1868–1914), who in 1900 married Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Este (1863–1914),
2100-708: The Sun in his strength, instantly dispelled those supposed and surmised mists ... especially when we beheld the government established in Your Highness and Your hopeful Seed, by an undoubted title". It was, however, in James I's reign that Majesty became the official style. At the conclusion of the Congress of Vienna in 1815, His/Her Highness (abbreviated HH ), became prevalent for reigning dukes and members of their dynasties in Germany (e.g., Anhalt , Brunswick , Nassau ,
2175-528: The United States , then- Vice President John Adams organised a congressional committee on the matter of the title and style of the President. There Adams agitated for the adoption of the style of Highness (as well as the title of Protector of Their [the United States'] Liberties ) for the President. Others favored the variant of Electoral Highness or the lesser Excellency , the latter of which
2250-478: The United States are styled " The Honorable " in writing, (e.g., "The Honorable Mike Rawlings, Mayor of the City of Dallas"). Many are addressed by their title in conversation as "Mister" or "Madam" ("Mr. President", "Madam Mayor") or simply by their name with their appropriate title e.g., "Senator Jones" or "Commissioner Smith". Continued use of a title after leaving office depends on the office: those of which there
2325-565: The accession of her husband as King, because of the strong association to the late Diana, Princess of Wales. From the divorce until her death in 1997, Diana, Princess of Wales ceased to hold any royal style, although the monarch declared that she remained a Princess of the United Kingdom and in occasions when members of the Royal Family appeared in public, she continued to be accorded the same royal precedence. When Sarah Ferguson
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2400-599: The actual rank of the person in question, though a literal translation of the word would read more like this: He (or She) whose words are beyond questioning, Great Lawgiver of the Nation . Within the Zulu Kingdom of Southern Africa , meanwhile, the monarch and other senior royals are often addressed as uNdabezitha meaning He (or She) Who Concerns the Enemy , but rendered in English as Majesty in address or reference to
2475-497: The address Jalalat Mahab Aali Qadr Sardari Alaa ( English His Honorable Highness the sublime Prince) during his term as Prime Minister . After the constitution of 1964 that changed Afghanistan's state system from an absolute to a constitutional monarchy , the descendants of King Nadir Shah held the exclusive address as Alaa Hazrat in which context Hazrat is Turkish and means Majesty or Highness and thus literally translated means Higher Majesty or Higher Highness and
2550-480: The continent or symbolically in the sense of its varied chiefships of the name , and which therefore serve a function similar to the said styles of Highness and Royal Highness. For example, the Yoruba people of West Africa usually make use of the word Kabiyesi when speaking either to or about their sovereigns and other royals. As such, it is variously translated as Majesty, Royal Highness or Highness depending on
2625-404: The country constitutes a parliamentary republic or a democratic elective monarchy . Emirs of Qatar, Kuwait and UAE also use the style of Your Highness. Patrilineal descendants of former ruling Emirs of Iraq use His Highness for the head of the house African royalty commonly use "Highness" to refer to their junior dynasts. Some ranking monarchs also make use of the style. An example of
2700-427: The couple divorced she lost her style: she became instead Diana, Princess of Wales . (although she fit the criteria which customarily accords the prefix of "Lady" to the daughter of an earl, and she had been known as such prior to marriage, she did not revert to that title following divorce). When applied to the current Princess of Wales , inclusion of a definite article ("The Princess of Wales"), is, like HRH, part of
2775-602: The eldest son of Francis Ferdinand and Sophie the title of duke with the style of Highness . The other members of the family retained the title of prince or princess with the lesser style of Serene Highness . Thus, Maximilian became the first Duke of Hohenberg, with the dukedom being hereditary according to primogeniture in the male line . Following the collapse of the monarchy, the Austrian nobility , along with hereditary titles and such nobiliary particles as von , were abolished by law in 1919. In 1938, several members of
2850-681: The family who were opposed to Adolf Hitler were arrested by the Nazis and sent to Dachau concentration camp , most notably Maximilian and his brother Ernst . Another former head of the family, Georg , served as ambassador of the Republic of Austria to the Holy See during part of the pontificate of Pope John Paul II . He was also a Knight of the Golden Fleece . Members of the Hohenberg family are not only descended from, and married into,
2925-425: The fancies of secretaries than in later times. In English usage, the terms Highness, Grace and Majesty , were all used as honorific styles of kings, queens and princes of the blood until the time of James I of England . Thus in documents relating to the reign of Henry VIII of England , all three styles are used indiscriminately; an example is the king's judgment against Dr. Edward Crome (d. 1562), quoted, from
3000-592: The feet of the Supreme Pontiff, the Pope . Many of these traditions have lapsed or been partially abandoned. At his inauguration as pope in 1978 (itself the abandonment of the traditional millennium-old papal coronation), Pope John Paul II himself kissed cardinals on the cheeks, rather than follow the traditional method of homage of having his feet kissed. Similarly, styles, though still used, are used less often. The former President of Ireland , Mary McAleese ,
3075-690: The former is Princess Elizabeth Bagaya of the Tooro Kingdom in Uganda. An example of the latter is the princess' sister-in-law, Queen Best Kemigisa . Regardless of the official traditions in the various colonial empires, the style is evidently used to render, often merely informally, various somewhat analogous titles in non-western cultures, regardless whether there is an actual linguistic and/or historical link. Furthermore, in North America , some chiefs of certain indigenous tribes or nations use
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3150-920: The king and his consorts, or Royal Highness in the case of other senior members of the royal family. The Chief Executive is styled as The Honourable . Certain senior government officials (such as the Chief Secretary for Administration ), President of the Legislative Council , members of the Executive Council , and members of the judiciary (such as the Chief Justice of the Court of Final Appeal ) are also styled as The Honourable . In Ireland , holders of offices with Irish names are usually addressed in English by its nominative form (so, ' Taoiseach ' and ' Tánaiste '), though
3225-559: The latter as a style. A TD ( Teachta Dála ) is formally addressed and styled as 'Deputy', though often simply Mr. , Mrs. , etc. Similarly, county and city councillors can be addressed as 'Councillor', abbreviated Cllr. which is used as a written style, but are just as frequently addressed as Mr. , Mrs., etc. "The Right Honourable" is added as a prefix to the name of various collective entities such as: Styles can be acquired through marriage, although traditionally this applies more to wives of office-holders than to husbands. Thus, in
3300-498: The manner of address to the behaviour of a person on meeting that personage was surrounded by traditional symbols. Monarchs were to be bowed to by men and curtsied to by women. Senior clergy, particularly in the Roman Catholic Church, were to have their rings (the symbol of their authority) kissed by lay persons while they were on bended knee, while cardinals in an act of homage at the papal coronation were meant to kiss
3375-527: The mediatized countly families ( Almanach de Gotha , 1909, 107). His Exalted Highness is a rare hybrid of the title style Highness. It is used as a salutation style only for the Nizams of Hyderabad and Berar conferred by the British Government . Highness was the style accorded to princes of the British royal family who were the male-line great-grandchildren of a British sovereign (and
3450-400: The name of King Ferdinand VII ). Selva Alegre's pseudo-monarchical government, which was formed following Napoleon's invasion of Spain in 1808 and lasted for a mere seventy-five days, was considered by both contemporaries and later historians to be a thinly-disguised effort to establish a "Kingdom of Quito"; Selva dressed himself in regal vestments, bestowed honours on citizens, and instituted
3525-468: The official, if often ephemeral, style of Highness ( Alteza ) or variations thereof. In Spain, Manuel Godoy , who twice served as Prime Minister from 1792 to 1797 and from 1801 to 1808, was granted the style of Most Serene Highness ( Su Alteza Serenísima ) in 1807 by King Charles IV . He had been created Principe de la Paz ("Prince of the Peace") in 1795, but the princely title did not carry
3600-1234: The president or the governors after a notification from the President House. But it is mandatory for foreigners to address the president and governors. Your Honour/My Lord – It is used before the names of judges but now it is also not mandatory. The Supreme Court in a hearing said that people need to respect the judges and "Sir" is sufficient for it. With a long history of rulers, there are many styles which vary from territory to territory and languages for royal families in India, commonly Maharaja (for king), Maharani (queen) whereas for their successors Raja, Rani (Maha meaning "Great" removed). Rajkumar (for prince) and Rajkumari (for princess). Others include Hukam (commonly in Rajasthan ), Sardar (kings in territories of Punjab within Sikh Empire ), Badshah ( Mughal Empire ), Vazeer-e-Aala (in Mughal Empire ) etc. In most of Africa , many styles are used by traditional royalty . Generally
3675-494: The public for visits. Former residences of the family include Konopiště château in Bohemia . Artstetten Castle was selected to provide the main theme for an Austrian 10 euro commemorative coin , minted on 13 October 2004. The reverse shows the entrance to the crypt of the Hohenberg family. There are two portraits on the left, showing Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg. The line of succession to
3750-570: The quality of being lofty or above. It is used as a term to evoke dignity or honour , and to acknowledge the exalted rank of the person so described. Abstract styles arose in profusion in the Roman Empire , especially in the Byzantine . Styles were attached to various offices at court or in the state. In the early Middle Ages such styles, couched in the second or third person, were uncertain and much more arbitrary, and were more subject to
3825-419: The rank itself, and sometimes more specifically on the monarchy, rather than on the style of address, the holders tend to end up roughly in the following order of precedence: Style (manner of address) A style of office , also called manner of reference , or form of address when someone is spoken to directly, is an official or legally recognized form of reference for a person or other entity (such as
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#17327800854443900-580: The rest of their life. Military retirees are entitled to receive pay and are still counted as members of the United States Armed Forces. Accordingly, all retired military ranks are retained for life pursuant to Title 10 of the United States Code. In the case of the President, while the title is officially dropped after leaving office – e.g., Dwight Eisenhower reverted to his prior style "General Eisenhower" in retirement – it
3975-573: The right as a legal fons honorum to grant or revoke use of the style of Highness, as with other styles, titles and honours. In Afghanistan the title Jalalat Mahab is used for Sardars , or Princes of the former Muhammadzai dynasty , who are descendants of the Afghan Emir Payindah Muhammad Khan Barakzai. Although Jalalat Mahab is derived from the Arabic term Jalalat literally meaning His Majesty , it
4050-553: The royal House of Bourbon and the imperial House of Habsburg-Lorraine . In modern times, Serene Highness ( Altesse Sérénissime ) is used as the equivalent of the German Durchlaucht . In the 17th century, it became the general style borne by the heads of the reigning princely states of the Holy Roman Empire ( reichsständische Fürsten ), as "Illustrious Highness ( Erlaucht ) became customary for those of
4125-461: The same time, such as ambassadors, senators, judges, and military officers, who retire retain use of their hierarchical honorific for life. Holders of titles of which there is only one office holder at a time such as president, chief justice or speaker revert to their previous honorific when they leave office out of deference to the current office holder. Styles were often among the range of symbols that surrounded figures of high office. Everything from
4200-919: The style of Excellency . On further consideration, Adams deemed even Highness insufficient and instead proposed that the Executive, both the President and the Vice President (i.e., himself), be styled Majesty , with only which the "great danger" of insufficient dignity being attached to the executive could be solved. Adams' efforts were met with widespread derision and perplexion; Thomas Jefferson called them "the most superlatively ridiculous thing I ever heard of", while Benjamin Franklin considered it "absolutely mad". The proposal came to naught, and American Presidents, from Washington onwards, have eschewed honorific titles and styles altogether and are simply referred to as Mr. President . In modern-day Samoa ,
4275-545: The style of Highness on its own. The former style was possibly derived from the traditional Spanish honorific of Excelentísimo Señor ( The Most Excellent ). Baldomero Espartero, Prince of Vergara , who was regent for Queen Isabella II from 1840 to 1843, and three times served as Prime Minister: in 1837, from 1840 to 1841, and from 1854 to 1856, was created Prince of Vergara with the exceptional (and not strictly non-royal) style of Royal Highness ( Alteza Real ) in 1872. Espartero had previously declined an offer to
4350-439: The style of Serene Highness . The House of Hohenberg was established by imperial decree of Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria when, upon the couple's marriage in 1900, he created Francis Ferdinand's wife Fürstin von Hohenberg (Princess of Hohenberg) in her own right with the style of Ihre fürstliche Gnaden ( Her Princely Grace ) and the specification that this title and style should also be borne by her descendants. In 1905,
4425-473: The style of Highness, which may or may not be recognised by their governments. The Aga Khan was granted the style of His Highness by Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom in 1957 upon the death of his grandfather Aga Khan III . This has been a traditional gesture by British sovereigns since the Aga Khan III allied himself with Britain against Afghanistan. While the actual precedence depends on
4500-554: The style which accompanies the title. When King Charles III (Then; HRH the Prince of Wales) was remarried to Camilla Parker-Bowles in compliance with the Royal Marriages Act, she lawfully became HRH The Princess of Wales but, as was the announced intention prior to the couple's wedding, she continues to use the lesser title derived from her husband's Duchy of Cornwall and was known as HRH The Duchess of Cornwall, until
4575-536: The three Ernestine duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha , Saxe-Meiningen , and Saxe-Altenburg , as well as Schleswig-Holstein ); for cadets of some German grand ducal houses (e.g., Hesse , Mecklenburg-Schwerin , Mecklenburg-Strelitz , Oldenburg , Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach ); and cadet members of some imperial or royal families (e.g., Bavaria , Denmark , the Netherlands , Norway , Portugal , Prussia , Russia , Yugoslavia ). That custom remains official in
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#17327800854444650-631: The throne following the Spanish Revolution of 1868 , which instead went to the Italian Amadeo of Savoy , who in turn bestowed the royal princedom on him. Furthermore, according to the provisions of Royal Decree 1368/1987 promulgated by King Juan Carlos I in 1987, a Regent of Spain is to enjoy the style of Highness (as well as protocolary honours equal to those of the Prince of Asturias ), unless they were to possess rank conferring
4725-447: The use of such titles which are, nonetheless, generally accorded by extant monarchical regimes. In 1981, the then Greek President Konstantinos Karamanlis declined to attend the wedding of Charles, Prince of Wales when it was revealed that Greece's deposed monarch, a cousin of the Prince, had been referred to as "King" in his invitation. The current Hellenic Republic has challenged King Constantine's right to use his title and his passport
4800-399: The use of their style and title for the duration of their lifetimes, but both die with them. Hence, prior to his death, Greece's deposed king was still styled His Majesty King Constantine II , as a personal title, not as occupant of a constitutional office, since the abolition of the monarchy by the Hellenic Republic in 1974. Similarly, until his death, the last King of Italy, Umberto II ,
4875-415: The vast majority of the members of these royal families use the titles Prince and Princess, while the higher ranked amongst them also use either Highness or Royal Highness to describe secondary appellations in their native languages that they hold in their realms, appellations that are intended to highlight their relative proximity to their thrones, either literally in the sense of the extant kingships of
4950-418: The wives/widows of great-grandsons), except the eldest son of the Prince of Wales . In 1917, George V revoked authorization for use of that style. The children and grandchildren in the male-line of a British sovereign were and are addressed as Royal Highness (His or Her Royal Highness, abbreviated HRH ), as are the children of the eldest son of the Prince of Wales (decree of 31 May 1898). The sovereign has
5025-401: Was addressed as such formally in the debates, having been Governor of Massachusetts until 2007. All former monarchies had styles, some, such as those of the Bourbon monarchy of France , extremely complicated depending on the status of the office or office-holder. Otto von Habsburg , who was Crown Prince of Austria-Hungary (1916–1918), had the style 'His Imperial and Royal Highness'. He
5100-451: Was discontinued in the Danish royal family in 2023, having been applied to junior lines for many generations. Example of official holders of the style Highness : Usually members of an imperial or royal dynasty are addressed as Imperial Highness or Royal Highness (French Altesse Impériale, Altesse Royale ; German Kaiserliche Hoheit, Königliche Hoheit ; Spanish Alteza Imperial, Alteza Real , etc.) respectively. Grand Ducal Highness
5175-476: Was divorced from her husband, HRH Prince Andrew, Duke of York , she too lost her HRH style, the rank as a British Princess and was re-styled as "Sarah, Duchess of York". In 1936, Wallis Simpson was denied the HRH style by George VI when she married his older brother, the former Edward VIII , who became HRH the Duke of Windsor following his abdication and receipt of a peerage. The names of most current and former elected federal and state officials and judges in
5250-460: Was last addressed as such by church figures during the funeral of his late mother, Empress-Queen Zita of Austria-Hungary in 1989, although the use of these styles has been prohibited in Austria since 1920. For the styles of address to government officials in Imperial Russia , see Table of Ranks . The names of some offices are also titles , which are retained by the office holder for life. For example, holders of titles of which there are many at
5325-545: Was revoked in 1994 because he did not use a surname, as his passport at the time stated "Constantine, former King of the Hellenes". However, Constantine II later travelled in and out of Greece on a Danish diplomatic passport as a descendant of Christian IX of Denmark , by the name Constantino de Grecia ( Spanish for "Constantine of Greece"). Known as terasul in the Malay language. The Most Honourable – In Jamaica , governors-general , as well as their spouses, are entitled to be styled "The Most Honourable" upon receipt of
5400-429: Was the treatment accorded cadet princes of those families of ruling grand dukes who did not simply use "Highness", viz. Baden . While "Highness" ( Hoheit ) was used for rulers of German duchies, the sovereign Dukes of Modena and of Parma were heads of cadet branches of ruling dynasties of higher rank. They and their cadets therefore used the imperial or royal styles borne by members of those houses, respectively
5475-462: Was usually referred to as President Mary McAleese , not President McAleese , as had been the form used for the first six presidents, from President Hyde to President Hillery. Tony Blair asked initially to be called Tony . First names, or even nicknames , are often widely used among politicians in the US, even in formal situations (as an extreme example, President James Earl "Jimmy" Carter chose to take
5550-461: Was vociferously opposed by Adams, who contended that it was far beneath the presidential dignity, as the executives of the states, some of which were also titled "President" (e.g. the President of Pennsylvania ), at that time often enjoyed the style of Excellency ; Adams said that the President "would be levelled with colonial governors or with functionaries from German princedoms" if he were to use
5625-524: Was widely referred to as King Umberto II and sometimes addressed as Your Majesty . In contrast, Simeon of Bulgaria who, subsequent to the loss of his throne in 1947, was elected to and held the premiership of his former realm as "Simeon Sakskoburggotski", and therefore is as often referred to by the latter name as by his former royal title and style. While this rule is generally observed, and indeed some exiled monarchs are allowed diplomatic passports by their former realm, other republics officially object to
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