An Article 4 direction is made by a local planning authority in the United Kingdom and exceptionally may be subject to intervention by the government. It serves to restrict permitted development rights, which means that a lot of the things people do to their land or houses without planning permission and often take for granted, are brought into the realms of planning consent. It does not in itself prohibit any action but means that a landowner is required to seek planning consent whereas without the direction this would not be necessary.
44-549: The Highams Estate is a housing estate in Waltham Forest in East London , near to Hale End ( Highams Park ) and Woodford Green . The area was developed by Thomas Courtenay Warner , within the grounds of the former Highams Manor House in the 1930s. The Highams Estate comprises over 300 semi-detached and detached homes bounded by The Highams Park to the west, Chingford Lane to the north and east, and Oak Hill to
88-797: A bracing atmosphere of decidedly health-giving quality”. Various standardised configurations were offered with between 3 and 5 bedrooms, identified as house types A-H. They were mainly semi-detached, with detached houses on most corners. Some had integrated garages, others could have independent garages added for between £75 and £100. The semi-detached buildings are predominantly symmetrical, set as pavilion forms, with views in between to reveal mature trees and woodland. Materials vary in detail but mostly are built in red brick and pebbledash render. Roofs are clad in red weathered clay tiles on steep roofs, with dominant symmetrical chimney stacks. Windows are vertical and bay windows are an almost universal feature. The detached buildings follow this form. The lowest price for
132-434: A householder from converting a property into multiple flats. There are certain permitted development rights that cannot be withdrawn by an Article 4 direction. These exemptions are to ensure permitted development rights related to national concerns, safety, or maintenance work for existing facilities cannot be withdrawn. Article 4 directions were in the past a rarely used instrument which was not particularly effective, and
176-465: A licence, and was awarded the title of best college in London for sport in 2013. Others include Waltham Forest College and Sir George Monoux College . Waltham Forest has a sixth form college reorganised system which it adopted in 1985. Neighbouring authorities are Epping Forest ( Essex ) in the north, Redbridge in the east, with Newham and Hackney to the south. Haringey and Enfield lie to
220-581: A number of independent artists, also mainly in the Leytonstone area. The biennial E17 Art Trail, which includes open studios, exhibitions and events, is the biggest art event in the borough, and there is now a similar event in Leytonstone. Eamon Everall , founder member of the Stuckism art movement is a long-time resident in the borough where he also maintains a studio. Waltham Forest was the first ever London Borough of Culture in 2019. Waltham Forest
264-474: A property on the estate in the early 1930s was £1000, but this was comparatively expensive and because there was a lack of demand, more modestly priced homes were developed in the northwest corner of the estate. This second phase of the estate was known as the Montalt Estate. The quality and distinctive design of the architecture used contributed significantly to the character of The Highams Estate. This
308-399: Is an outer London borough formed in 1965 from the merger of the municipal boroughs of Leyton , Walthamstow and Chingford . The borough's administrative headquarters are at Waltham Forest Town Hall , which before the merger of the boroughs, was called Walthamstow Town Hall. The population was 278,428 at the 2021 census. Waltham Forest borders five other London boroughs: Enfield to
352-584: Is covered by the Metropolitan Police . There is one police station which is based in Chingford and a number of additional patrol centres throughout the borough. Waltham Forest comes under the Met's North-East Basic Command Unit (BCU) following a merger of Waltham Forest's and Newham's policing in 2018 Waltham Forest is the birthplace of William Morris , best known as one of the principal founders of
396-544: Is from Walthamstow, and Grayson Perry , the 2003 Turner Prize -winning artist, has his studio in Walthamstow. X Factor finalist Fleur East is also from Walthamstow as well as British Taekwondo Athlete Lutalo Muhammad . The London Borough of Waltham Forest is twinned with Friendship links have also been established with 51°34′N 0°02′W / 51.567°N 0.033°W / 51.567; -0.033 Article 4 direction An Article 4 direction
440-508: Is home to a number of musicians that have found success in the UK, including East 17 , Blazin' Squad , and Indie band Hefner , who formed in Walthamstow. The borough is also a centre of the grime musical genre; grime acts hailing from the borough include More Fire Crew , Lethal Bizzle , and Jammer amongst others. The borough had a key role in the history of rave music culture, whether it be clubs, artists, and DJs. Widely regarded as one of
484-639: Is likely to have its roots in the territory of the Trinovantes. After the Kingdom of Essex lost its independence, it evolved into the county of Essex . The Domesday book of 1086 records four manors in the area, Chingford , Walthamstow , Higham and Leyton . At some point, before or after the Domesday survey these also became parishes , with Higham becoming part of the parish of Walthamstow. These parishes had largely stable borders from which those of
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#1732791523926528-491: Is not a conservation designation as such. It is a statement made under the Town and Country Planning Acts , specifically the Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order 1995 . The direction removes all or some of the permitted development rights on a site. For example, it could stop a landowner from holding car boot sales on their land for 14 days per year—a right which they would otherwise have—or could restrict
572-594: The Lee Valley Reservoir Chain for the Thames . During the most intense period of the Blitz (October 1940 to June 1941), the area was hit by around 728 high explosive bombs, 17 parachute mines and an unknown, but much greater number of small incendiary bombs . Subsequent raids were lighter and less frequent, but 1944 saw a number of V-1 'flying bombs' and V-2 long-range ballistic missiles hit
616-686: The Vestry House Museum in Walthamstow. In 1909, the aviation pioneer A V Roe successfully tested the first all-British aeroplane, the Roe I Triplane , on land at Walthamstow Marshes . The area now known as Waltham Forest experienced at least two Zeppelin raids during World War I . On 17/18 August 1915, Airship L10 took a route roughly following the Gospel Oak to Barking railway line, dropping incendiary and high-explosive bombs. The first bomb, an incendiary, fell on Hoe St, Walthamstow, at
660-563: The 32 London Boroughs. A petition opposed calling the new borough "Walthamstow", so perhaps for that reason the new borough took its name from the former Waltham Forest . The local authority is Waltham Forest Council, based at Waltham Forest Town Hall (formerly Walthamstow Town Hall). Since 2000, for elections to the London Assembly , the borough forms part of the North East constituency. The main centres of population in
704-640: The British Arts and Crafts Movement. Morris was a designer of wallpaper and patterned fabrics, a writer of poetry and fiction, and a pioneer of the socialist movement in Britain. Other notable people, such as footballer and former England Captain David Beckham , rapper, songwriter and actor Redzz , I, Claudius star Derek Jacobi , former Essex and England cricket Captain Graham Gooch , and
748-767: The Paralympic Games, Eton Manor hosted the Wheelchair Tennis events, with temporary seating for 10,500 spectators. In April 2012, the Ministry of Defence identified the roof of Fred Wigg Tower as a potential location for surface-to-air missile defences during the Games. Waltham Forest has a number of institutes, including 3 colleges of further education. Leyton Sixth Form College was the second sixth form college in Southern England to get
792-509: The UK and London. The borough took its name from the former Waltham Forest , an institution that managed deer in an area of south-west Essex that stretched eastwards from the River Lea and included large areas of agricultural land as well as the wooded areas subsequently known as Epping Forest and Hainault Forest . The name Waltham Forest was used in parallel with local woodland names, some of which have persisted. The first known use of
836-492: The area, including a V-1 which landed on central Walthamstow killing 22 and a V-2 which landed on Chingford Road, Walthamstow killing 8. The London Borough of Waltham Forest was created in 1965 under the London Government Act 1963 , covering the combined area of the former municipal boroughs of Chingford , Leyton and Walthamstow . The area was transferred from Essex to Greater London to become one of
880-525: The borough are Chingford in the north, Walthamstow in the centre (the administrative hub including the council offices) and Leyton and Leytonstone to the South. Waltham Forest has the fifth largest Muslim population in England and the third largest in London (coming after its neighbouring boroughs, Newham and Tower Hamlets ). Epping Forest and the green corridor along the River Lea provide some of
924-610: The borough is now managed by an arms-length management organisation , Waltham Forest Housing (formerly Ascham Homes). Waltham Forest was one of four host boroughs in east London for the 2012 Olympics . The northern part of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park is located in Eton Manor . The borough hosted events in its three Olympic-size swimming pools, one synchronised swimming pool and one water polo pool. These pools were used for athlete training. During
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#1732791523926968-676: The borough's many open spaces, which include: Historically known as the seat of the Arts and Crafts Movement under the stewardship of William Morris , Waltham Forest has continued to succour many contemporary artists & art groups. These include the North East London Independent Artists (NELIA) group, based at the Changing Room Gallery in Lloyd Park, the 491 Gallery in Leytonstone, and
1012-550: The borough, The Waltham Forest Theatre, was situated in Lloyd Park. Though a local campaign was launched to save it in 2008 the theatre was demolished in 2011. Leyton Orient F.C. is the local professional football team, based at Brisbane Road, Leyton. In the 1962–63 season the club played in the top tier of English football, the Football League First Division , but currently are in League One ,
1056-404: The borough, as well as six night bus routes . Services are operated by Arriva London and Stagecoach London . The pioneering Mini Holland programme has begun to provide protected cycle lanes across the southern half of the borough, increasing the ability to use bicycles as a transport option. In March 2011, the main forms of transport that residents used to travel to work were: Policing
1100-582: The borough. The River Lea lies to the west where its associated marshes and parkland form a green corridor which, along the reservoir-lined reaches , separates north and east London , and is the historic border between Middlesex and Essex. Waltham Forest was one of the host boroughs of the London Olympics in 2012 , with the Lee Valley Hockey and Tennis Centre and part of the Queen Elizabeth Olympic Park providing an ongoing legacy in
1144-530: The bottom end of Nesta Road. This gives residents control over two large undeveloped green areas, which help contribute to the area's character. The HRA continues to lobby against unsuitable developments within The Highams Estate on behalf of its residents. 51°36′32″N 0°00′54″E / 51.609°N 0.015°E / 51.609; 0.015 Waltham Forest The London Borough of Waltham Forest ( / ˈ w ɔː l θ ə m / )
1188-525: The council refused to contribute to the cost of the new road, a strip of land was retained by Warner and an indenture dated 4 December 1922 stated "that the Council, their successors or assigns shall not be entitled to pass or repass or use the proposed road or any part thereof…". The agreement was implemented in 1932. In 1934, Sir Edward Warner agreed to sell the undeveloped parts of the estate between Montalt Road and Henry's Avenue to Walthamstow Council, with
1232-514: The film director and producer Alfred Hitchcock , were also born in the borough. The heavy metal band Iron Maiden was formed in Leyton, and Eastenders actress Rita Simons was born in Leytonstone. Notable Eastenders Actor Adam Woodyatt is from Walthamstow. The poet Pascale Petit , shortlisted three times for the TS Eliot poetry prize, lives in Walthamstow. Notable rap/grime artist Lethal Bizzle
1276-639: The grounds in 1897, with the erection of 24 substantial homes in Montalt Road, and 18 houses and 68 tenements in Chingford Lane built in the "Warner style" used the same architectural designs as the Warner Estate in Walthamstow. New roads were constructed in 1930; The Charter Road was achieved through an exchange of land between Essex County Council (who owned the School) and Warner. Because
1320-471: The intention that it was to be used as a public open space. The architects William and Edward Hunt initially produced designs for 532 houses over 36 hectares of the estate, although these plans were scaled back to include just over 300 homes. Plots averaged a generous 40 feet by 120 feet. The publicity for the Highams Estate promised “an exceptionally healthy elevation – 230 feet above sea level and
1364-629: The junction of Orford and Queens Road; the last was dropped in Aldersbrook area. Ten people were killed in Leyton and another 48 injured across the wider area. On 23/24 September 1916 the German Navy airship L 31 dropped around ten bombs along the line of Lea Bridge Road, Leyton, killing eight there. On both occasions the Germans believed they were bombing the City , and it is thought they mistook
Highams Estate - Misplaced Pages Continue
1408-613: The lake were purchased for £6,000 and added to Epping Forest. Edward Warner's second son, Courtenay Warner , formed the Warner Estate Ltd. in the same year, to manage the manor house. In 1897 a company jointly owned by Warner Estate Ltd. and the Law Land Ltd. was formed, and in 1898 the Law Land Building Department undertook all building development. Courtenay Warner's company began to develop
1452-400: The late Victorian era, the area that became the modern borough was rural in nature with a small dispersed population and a primarily agricultural landscape. Leyton, in particular, grew quite rapidly between 1870 and 1910. In 1892, a private citizen named Frederick Bremer built the first British motorcar in a workshop in his garden, at Connaught Road, Walthamstow. The vehicle is on display at
1496-475: The later Municipal Boroughs were derived, and these are the basis of our understanding of the extent of these local areas today. The southern part of Epping Forest still extends into the north of the borough, 90% of it having been preserved by the Epping Forest Act of 1878. This not only assisted in preserving the forest, the attraction value also helped stimulate urbanisation of nearby areas. Until
1540-695: The name Waltham Forest is 1205 (in Medieval Latin ) as foresta nostra prope Waltham , and the use of the name persisted, until the end of the seventeenth century. The area was in the territory of the Trinovantes tribe during the Iron Age and through the Roman period, when the tribal area was a unit of local government. It subsequently became part of the Kingdom of the East Saxons a unit which
1584-414: The north-west, Haringey to the west, Hackney to the south-west, Newham to the south-east and Redbridge to the east, as well as the non-metropolitan county of Essex to the north. The borough takes its name from the former Waltham Forest – an institution which managed deer in south-west Essex . Epping Forest is a remainder of the former Waltham Forest and forms the eastern and northern fringe of
1628-454: The removal of 176 prefabricated bungalows on the open space sold to Walthamstow Council, the HRA successfully lobbied the council to restore the land for public use as a park. The park is now known as The Highams Park. In 1983, Sir Henry Warner gifted HRA the ransom strip along the perimeter of girls' school, adjacent to The Charter Road, and a strip of land between Woodford Rugby Club grounds and
1672-671: The seminal tracks of jungle music , the creator of " We Are I.E. " Lennie de Ice grew up and lived in Walthamstow. Walthamstow was also home to DJ Rap and MC Navigator. The venue Dungeons was located on the Lea Bridge Road in Leyton , and a number of pirate radio stations including Friends FM, Dance FM, and Eruption FM broadcast from tower blocks such as the Cathall Estate in Leytonstone . The only theatre in
1716-620: The south. The roads that make up The Highams Estate are: While the estate is located in the Borough of Waltham Forest, the postal code is Woodford Green (IG). The area in question was previously known as "The Sale", which appeared in maps from around 1641; in 1650 all the timber from the 150 acres of woodland in The Sale was sold off by the Lord of the Manor, Sir William Rowe . A new manor house
1760-864: The third tier of the English football league system . Waltham Forest was one of six local authorities to set up a Housing Action Trust under the Housing Act 1988. The Waltham Forest HAT covered various estates in need of regeneration : Cathall Road in Leytonstone , Oliver Close in Leyton , Boundary Road in Walthamstow and Chingford Hall in Chingford . The HAT transferred its redeveloped estates to Community-based Housing Association and shut down in April 2002. English Partnerships then demolished four empty tower blocks. The remaining Council housing in
1804-515: The west. The area is served by the following London Underground lines: Both lines are both part of the Night Tube , which provides overnight tube services on Friday and Saturday nights. London Overground runs through the borough on the following lines: Greater Anglia serves the south-west of the borough with a station at Lea Bridge ; these services connect Stratford and Bishops Stortford . A number of London Buses routes serve
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1848-405: Was built in 1768 by Anthony Bacon at its easterly end, and named ‘Highams’. In 1793-4 then owner John Harman commissioned Humphry Repton to design extensive pleasure gardens and a man-made lake. In 1849, Highams became the property of Edward Warner . Open land was becoming a premium in the area, and parcels of the estate began to be sold off for development. In 1891, thirty acres of land, including
1892-464: Was difficult to apply as it always required the approval of the Secretary of State. The 1995 Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) Order made significant improvements to the process, and since that time the use of Article 4 directions has increased. Since 1995 there have been three types of direction: A direction under either article 4(1) or 4(2) of the 1995 order may be made by
1936-536: Was recognised by Waltham Forest Council when it was granted Area of Special Character status in 1988. Additionally, an Article 4 direction , put in place to retain high-quality architectural features and ensure any changes consider their surroundings, came into force on 2 September 2020. Formed in 1955, Highams Residents' Association was created to prevent indiscriminate development of the Estate and preserve its character for future generations of residents. Following
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