15-752: The Highbank Park Works (also known as the Orange Township Works ) is a complex of earthworks and a potential archaeological site located within Highbanks Metro Park in Central Ohio in the United States. The park is in southernmost Delaware County on the east bank of the Olentangy River . The site is a semi-elliptical embankment, consisting of four sections, each 3 feet (0.91 m) high, and bordered by
30-631: A community matriarch. It is the largest such structure in the wider Horn region. Bigo bya Mugenyi is an extensive earthworks site in the interlacustrine region of southwestern Uganda . On the south shore of the Katonga river, the Bigo earthworks consist of a series of ditches and berms comprising an outer arch that encompasses four interconnected enclosures. When combined, the Bigo earthworks measure more than 10 km (6 mi) long. Radiometric dates from archaeological investigations at Bigo date
45-685: A conical mound is the Miamisburg Mound in central Ohio, which has been estimated to have been built by people of the Adena culture in the time range of 800 BC to 100 AD. The American Plains also hold temple mounds, or platform mounds , which are giant pyramid-shaped mounds with flat tops that once held temples made of wood. Examples of temple mounds include Monks Mound located at the Cahokia site in Collinsville, Illinois, and Mound H at
60-405: A geographic information system ( GIS ) to produce three-dimensional representations of the earthworks. An accurate survey of the earthworks can enable them to be interpreted without the need for excavation . For example, earthworks from deserted medieval villages can be used to determine the location, size, and layout of lost settlements. Often these earthworks can point to the purpose of such
75-688: A settlement, as well the context in which it existed. Earthworks in North America include mounds built by Native Americans known as the Mound Builders . Ancient people who lived in the American Midwest commonly built effigy mounds , which are mounds shaped like animals (real or imaginary) or people. Possibly the most famous of these effigy mounds is Serpent Mound . Located in Ohio , this 411-metre-long (1,348 ft) earthen work
90-451: A shallow ditch. Two ravines and a 100-foot-high shale bluff surround the earthworks. It is thought to have been constructed sometime between 800 and 1300 CE by members of the Cole culture . The earthworks have seen little disturbance since the first white settlement of the region; agriculture has never been practiced on their vicinity, and no significant excavation has ever been conducted at
105-612: Is 19 hectares (47 acres). Shallow earthworks are often more visible as cropmarks or in aerial photographs if taken when the sun is low in the sky and shadows are more pronounced. Similarly, earthworks may be more visible after a frost or a light dusting of snow. Earthworks can be detected and plotted using Light Detection and Ranging ( LIDAR ). This technique is particularly useful for mapping small variations in land height that would be difficult to detect by eye. It can be used to map features beneath forest canopy and for features hidden by other vegetation. LIDAR results can be input into
120-536: Is thought to memorialize alignments of the planets and stars that were of special significance to the Native Americans that constructed it. Cone-shaped or conical mounds are also numerous, with thousands of them scattered across the American Midwest, some over 24 m (80 ft) tall. These conical mounds appear to be marking the graves of one person or even dozens of people. An example of
135-685: The Crystal River site in Citrus County , Florida . The earthworks at Poverty Point occupy one of the largest-area sites in North America, as they cover some 920 acres (320 ha) of land in Louisiana. Military earthworks can result in subsequent archaeological earthworks. Examples include Roman marching forts which can leave small earthworks. During the American Civil War , earthwork fortifications were built throughout
150-825: The Highbanks Park Mound I (also known as the Muma Mound) and Highbanks Park Mound II (also known as the Orchard Mound or the Selvey Mound). The two mounds are not located within the embankment, but are about 0.5 and 1 mile away. In 1974, the Highbank Park Works were listed on the National Register of Historic Places because of their archaeological significance. Three other Delaware County archaeological sites are listed on
165-676: The Register: the Ufferman Site , the site of a former Cole village; the Highbanks Park Mounds, and the Adena Spruce Run Earthworks . Earthworks (archaeology) In archaeology, earthworks are artificial changes in land level, typically made from piles of artificially placed or sculpted rocks and soil. Earthworks can themselves be archaeological features, or they can show features beneath
SECTION 10
#1732791595817180-463: The country, by both Confederate and Union sides. The largest earthwork fort built during the war was Fortress Rosecrans , which originally encompassed 255 acres (103 ha ). In northeastern Somalia , near the city of Bosaso at the end of the Baladi valley, lies an earthwork 2 to 3 km (1.2 to 1.9 mi) long. Local tradition recounts that the massive embankment marks the grave of
195-409: The site. One small excavation and field survey , conducted in 1951, yielded a few pieces of pottery and flakes of flint from a small midden . Another excavation was conducted in 2011 that focused mainly on site usage and constructing a timeline for the mounds. The Highbank Park Works is one of several wall-and-ditch earthworks in central Ohio. Unlike Highbank, most of these complexes are known to be
210-635: The surface. Earthworks of interest to archaeologists include hill forts , henges , mounds , platform mounds , effigy mounds , enclosures , long barrows , tumuli , ridge and furrow , mottes , round barrows , and other tombs . Earthworks can vary in height from a few centimetres to the size of Silbury Hill at 40 metres (130 ft). They can date from the Neolithic to the present. The structures can also stretch for many tens of miles (e.g. Offa's Dyke and Antonine Wall ). In area, they can cover many hectares; for example, Maiden Castle , which
225-654: The work of people of the Hopewell tradition ; however, the similarity between the works of the Hopewell and Cole peoples has led archaeologists to propose that the Cole were descended from the Hopewell. New research on the Cole culture suggests this was not a separate peoples, but in fact part of the larger Hopewell group. Also located in Highbank Park are two subconical Adena era mounds. These two mounds are known as
#816183