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29-522: Hiran is bordered by the Somali Region of Ethiopia (or the 1908 Convention Line ) to the northwest, the Somali provinces of Galgudud to the northeast, Middle Shebelle (Shabeellaha Dhexe) to the south, Lower Shebelle (Shabellaha Hoose) to the southwest, and Bay and Bakool to the west. It is approximately 31,510 km. The Shebelle River flows into Hiran from Ethiopia , coursing through

58-517: A series of military reprisals against the rebel group ONLF Ogaden National Liberation Front . Until its first-ever district elections in February 2004, Zonal and woreda administrators and village chairmen were appointed by the Regional government. Senior politicians at the Regional level nominated their clients to the local government positions. In the 2004 local elections, each woreda elected

87-590: A council including a spokesman, vice-spokesman, administrator, and vice-administrator. These councils have the responsibility of managing budgets and development activities within their respective districts. Based on the 2007 Census conducted by the Central Statistical Agency of Ethiopia (CSA), the Somali Region has a total population of 4,439,147, consisting of 2,468,784 men and 1,970,363 women; urban residents numbered 621,210 or 14% of

116-622: A disease outbreak killed 40 people in Ceel-Cali, Hiran. In March 2014, Hiran's executive government asked foreign charities for help, saying that healthcare was in crisis after the withdrawal of a Swiss hospital last year. In October 2014, the AMISOM base in Hiran was attacked. In May 2015, at a meeting in Beledweyne, a proposal was made to divide Hiran into two regions. In December 2015,

145-686: A large part of the pre-1995 provinces of Hararghe , Bale and Sidamo . The population is predominantly Somali , and there have been attempts to incorporate the area into a Greater Somalia . In the 1977, Somalia invaded Ethiopia, igniting the Ogaden War , which Somalia lost due to timely military intervention from the Soviet Union and its ally Cuba . Despite this defeat, local groups still tried either to become part of Somalia or independent. The 2007 Abole oil field raid , in which 72 Chinese and Ethiopian oilfield workers were killed, has led to

174-487: Is headed by the Chief Administrator of Somali Regional State. The current Chief Administrator is Mustafa Muhummed Omer (Cagjar) , elected on 22 August 2018. A Vice President of Somali Region succeeds the president in the event of any removal from office, and performs any duties assigned by the president. The current vice president is Adam Farah Ibrahim . The other offices in the executive branch cabinet are

203-519: Is the district court system. Four courts of appeals exist, each retaining jurisdiction over appeals from common pleas, municipal, and county courts in an administrative zone. A case heard in this system is decided by a three-judge panel, and each judge is elected. The highest-ranking court, the Somali Supreme Court, is Somali's "court of last resort". A Seven-justice panel composes the court, which, by its own discretion, hears appeals from

232-660: The Dir primarily inhabit the northern Sitti zone, Awbare and Gursum woreda in Fafan zone. The Habr Awal , Garhajis , Arap and Habr Je'lo clans of the Isaaq clan family inhabit the northern part of the region bordering Somaliland. The Arap primarily inhabit the Fafan zone making up the majority in Harshin woreda as well as making up a significant portion of the population of

261-715: The Gursum, Somali (woreda) woreda as well as the lucrative towns of dhagahle and Laanqayr. The Garhajis and Habr Je'lo make up the majority of Awaare and Misrak Gashamo woredas in Jarar zone with a significant presence in the Danot woreda. Subclans of the Hawiye inhabit the western and southern areas of the region, with Degodia being majority in Liben and significant presence in some regions . Karanle and Sheekhaal present in

290-591: The Halgan District of Hiran and were replaced by al-Shabaab. The withdrawal of Ethiopian troops is reportedly related to a state of emergency declaration issued in response to anti-government protests in Ethiopia. In December 2016, Governor Hiran destroyed more than 50 charcoal burning facilities in Mataban District to prevent illegal logging and arrested more than 20 people. In November 2017,

319-871: The Jubba and Shebelle Rivers . In November 2019, the African Union Commission assisted flooded Beledweyne with $ 87,000 worth of relief supplies. In March 2020, President Mohamed Abdi Ware of Hirshabelle State dismisses Hiran Governor Ali Mohamed Arale and reappoints his predecessor Ali Jeyte Osman, but Arale refuses. In June 2022, a clan attacked the al-Shabaab base in Booco. Somali Region The Somali Region ( Somali : Deegaanka Soomaalida , Amharic : ሱማሌ ክልል , romanized :  Sumalē Kilil , Oromo : Naannoo somaalee, Arabic : المنطقة الصومالية ), also known as Soomaali Galbeed ( lit.   ' Western Somalia ' ) and officially

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348-508: The Maxaas of Hiran, reconciled. However, the agreement was violated and the conflict resumed, so a peace conference was held again in October 2007. In November 2007, militants attacked government forces near Beledweyne in Hiran. In January 2008, militants attacked an Ethiopian military base near Beledweyne. In September 2010, the establishment of a local government called Dooxada Shabeelle

377-544: The Somali Regional State , is a regional state in eastern Ethiopia . Its territory is the largest after Oromia Region . The regional state borders the Ethiopian regions of Afar and Oromia and the chartered city Dire Dawa to the west, as well as Djibouti to the north, Somalia to the northeast, east and south; and Kenya to the southwest. Jijiga is the capital of the Somali Region. The capital

406-399: The Hiran government declared a halt to the use of Somali shillings because villages controlled by al-Shabaab refused to accept high denomination 1,000 Somali shilling bills and because of the influx of counterfeit bills from Puntland , which caused massive inflation. United States dollars were to be used for transactions. In October 2019, Beledweyne was severely damaged by the flooding of

435-517: The Region was 95.67% Somali , 0.70% Amhara , 2.25% Oromo ; all other ethnic groups made up 1.38% of the population. According to the CSA, as of 2004 , 38.98% of the total population had access to safe drinking water , of whom 21.32% were rural inhabitants and 77.21% were urban. Values for other reported common indicators of the standard of living for Somali as of 2005 include the following: 71.8% of

464-504: The Regional Health Bureau, Educational Bureau, and 18 other officials. 15 Days 4 Months 10 Months 3 Months, 1 Months 9 Months 1 Months There are three levels of the Somali region judiciary . The lowest level is the court of common pleas: each woreda maintains its own constitutionally mandated court of common pleas, which maintain jurisdiction over all justiciable matters. The intermediate-level court system

493-764: The Somali Region had a total of 1,459,720 cattle (representing 10.19%% of Ethiopia's total cattle), 1,463,000 sheep (20.66%), 1,650,970 goats (50.02%), 1,291,550 donkeys (30.66%), 5,3165,260 camels (96.2%), 154,670 poultry of all species (0.5%), and 5,330 beehives (0.12%). For nomadic inhabitants, the CSA provided two sets of estimates, one based on aerial surveys and the other on more conventional methodology: West from Addis Ababa , Awash 572 km via Harar and Jijiga to Degehabur Somali Regional State has 3 international airport and 2 commercial airports. The international airports are Jijiga Airport , Gode Airport , and Kabri Dar Airport , The 2 commercial airports are Dolo Airport , and Shilavo Airport . The executive branch

522-466: The Somali government replaced Governor Hiran for his involvement in the murders in Beledweyne. In the same month, the Somali President visits Beledweyne. In January 2016, three people were killed in a clan war in Hiran. In August 2016, Somalia's interior minister rejected a local request to divide Hiran into two regions. In October 2016, Somali government and Ethiopian troops withdrew from

551-735: The courts of appeals, and retains original jurisdiction over limited matters. The chief judge is called the Chief of Soamli Supreme Court Abdullahi Saed Omar. The State Council, which is the highest administrative body of the state, is made up of 269 members. Somali is represented by Like other Regions in Ethiopia, Somali Region is subdivided into eleven administrative zones and Six Special administrative zones: The zones are themselves subdivided into districts . 7°26′19″N 44°17′49″E  /  7.4387305°N 44.2968750°E  / 7.4387305; 44.2968750 Mataban District Mataban District ( Somali : Degmada Matabaan )

580-426: The inhabitants fall into the lowest wealth quintile; adult literacy for men is 22% and for women 9.8%; and the Regional infant mortality rate is 57 infant deaths per 1,000 live births, which is less than the nationwide average of 77; at least half of these deaths occurred in the infants’ first month of life. The region is home to almost all major Somali clan families. The Issa , Gadabuursi and Jaarso subclans of

609-736: The interior as well as the major towns of Jijiga , Gode , Kebridehar . The Harti as well as the Leelkase clans inhabit the Dollo zone where they make up the majority while the Marehan clan inhabit the Shilavo woreda and the Liben zone. Somali as a primary language is spoken by 95.89% of the inhabitants. All other languages spoken together make up 4.11%. 98.74% of the population are Muslim , All other religions together made up 1.26%. The CSA of Ethiopia estimated in 2005 that farmers in

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638-561: The number of districts to eight. Nabadoon Dacar Xirsi Nuur Somalia's civil war started around 1990. Since 1994, the Sharia law has been increasingly applied in Hiran. In June 1995, Mohamed Farrah Aidid declared himself president of Somalia and attempted to rule Hiran, but was ousted by local clans in late 1995. According to a 1998 report, Hiran is considered a relatively stable region within Somalia. However, banditry has flourished in

667-576: The past. The governor lives in Beledweyne , and the use of militias has reduced the incidence of fighting, with the exception of Mataban District . In June 1999, flooding in south-central Somalia caused extensive damage in Hiran. In November 2001, the Quran School was attacked by an armed group, killing 18 students. In August 2006, the Xawaadle and Murusade clans, who had been fighting in

696-514: The population, while rural residents numbered 3,817,937. With an estimated area of 327,068 square kilometers, this region has an estimated density of 20.9 people per square kilometer. For the entire region 1, 685,986 households were counted, which results in an average for the Region of 6.8 persons to a household, with urban households having on average 6 and rural households 6.5 people. There are 8 refugee camps and 1 transit center, housing 212,967 refugees from Somalia, located in Somali Region. In

725-404: The previous census, conducted in 1994, the region's population was reported to be 3,383,165, of which Somalis made up 3,236,667. There were 1,846,417 were males and 1,537,748 were females. The urban residents of the Somali Region numbered 492,710 households, with an average of 6.6 persons per household; a high sex ratio of 120 males to 100 females was reported. As of 1997, the ethnic composition of

754-564: The provincial capital of Beledweyne . According to the Somalia government's classification, Hiran Region consists of steven districts: In May 2012, Governor Hiran appointed new governors for Mahas and Mataban Districts . In August 2023, the Hiiraan State , inaugurated the previous year, declared that where Hiran had previously had five districts, Beledweyne , Buloburde , Mahas , Jalalaqsi , and Mataban , it would have three new districts, Halgan , El Ali , Far- Libaax, bringing

783-680: The western areas bordering the Oromia region and the Hawadle and Habar Gidir subclans are present in the Shabelle zone. The closely related Samaale subclan of Garre are also present in the Liben zone and Dawa zone where they make up the majority. Various subclans of the Darod clan family primarily inhabit the central and eastern parts of the region, with the Ogaden and Jidwaq inhabiting

812-639: Was formerly Gode , until Jijiga became the capital in 1995 on account of political considerations. The Somali regional government is composed of the executive branch, led by the President; the legislative branch, which comprises the State Council; and the judicial branch, which is led by the State Supreme Court. What is now the Somali Region was part of the conquests of Menelik II in the late 19th century. The Somali Region formed

841-510: Was proclaimed in Kalabayr, Hiran, led by C/fataax Xasan Afrax. In March 2011, a bombing by Al-Shabaab occurred in Beledweyne. In December 2011, Ethiopian troops and Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a completely retook the city of Baladweyne from al-Shabaab. In May 2013, Governor Hiran decided to send deserter soldiers from al-Shabaab who are hiding, and asked the local population for help in sending them to rehabilitation facilities. In November 2013,

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