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51-519: Hijikata Toshizō Yoshitoyo ( 土方 歳三 義豊 ) was born on May 31, 1835, in the Ishida village, Tama region of Musashi Province (present day Ishida, Hino , Tokyo ), Japan. He was the youngest of ten children and his father Hijikata Yoshiatsu (Hayato), a well-to-do farmer, died a few months before his birth. His eldest brother Tamejiro, was born blind and as a result, could not inherit the family property. His third older brother Daisaku (later Kasuya Ryojin),

102-406: A 1722 study put their numbers at about 5,000. Adding the gokenin brought the number up to about 17,000. Famous hatamoto include Jidayu Koizumi , Nakahama Manjirō , Ōoka Tadasuke , Tōyama Kagemoto , Katsu Kaishū , Enomoto Takeaki , Hijikata Toshizō , Nagai Naoyuki , and the two Westerners William Adams and Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn . Hatamoto patronized the development of

153-732: A commitment to any of them. The Shinsengumi grew to 140 men, which included a number of farmers and merchants whose livelihood would be threatened if the Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown. The regulations set up by Shinsengumi within Kyoto were strict and Hijikata was known to be harsh in enforcing them, hence his nickname: "Demon Vice-Commander" ( 鬼の副長 , Oni no fukucho ) . Even within the Shinsengumi itself, regulations were strictly enforced by Hijikata. As usual, deserters and traitors were forced to commit seppuku. Hijikata owned, among others,

204-417: A film in 1966 and a television series in 1970 where Hijikata was played by Asahi Kurizuka . Adapted from the same novel in the 2021 film Baragaki: Unbroken Samurai , Hijikata was played by Junichi Okada , a member of Japanese boy band V6 . Hijikata is depicted in the 1999 film Gohatto ("Taboo") (played by Takeshi Kitano ) and the 2013 NHK Taiga drama Yae no Sakura (played by Jun Murakami ). He

255-516: A private room in an inn. There, he entrusted Ichimura with a death poem, his katana , a letter, a photograph of himself, and several strands of his hair. Ichimura was instructed to bear them to the home of Hijikata's brother-in-law Satō Hikogorō in Hino . The death poem entrusted to Ichimura reads: Though my body may decay on the island of Ezo, my spirit guards my lord in the East. In the final conflict of

306-749: A promotion is the case of the Hayashi family of Kaibuchi (later known as Jōzai han ), who began as jikatatori hatamoto but who became fudai daimyōs and went on to play a prominent role in the Boshin War , despite their domain's relatively small size of 10,000 koku . The term for a hatamoto with income of about 8,000 koku or greater was taishin hatamoto ("greater hatamoto "). The hatamoto who lived in Edo resided in their own private districts and oversaw their own police work and security . Men from hatamoto ranks could serve in

357-459: A sword signed "Izumi no Kami Kanesada" (和泉守兼定), made by the 11th and last generation Aizu Kanesada (1837-1903). Together with the rest of the Shinsengumi, Hijikata became a hatamoto in 1867 and took the name of Naitō Hayato (but reverted to his original name after Kondō was captured and executed during the Boshin war). He was given the rank of Yoriai (寄合格 Yoriai-kaku) in early 1868. Following

408-407: A variety of roles in the Tokugawa administration, including service in the police force as yoriki inspectors, city magistrates , magistrates or tax collectors of direct Tokugawa house land, members of the wakadoshiyori council, and many other positions. The expression "eighty thousand hatamoto " ( 旗本八万旗 , hatamoto hachimanhata ) was in popular use to denote their numbers, but

459-2227: Is a Japanese surname. The name is sometimes romanized as Isida . Notable people with the surname include: Akira Ishida ( 石田 彰 , born 1967) , Japanese voice actor Ayumi Ishida (actress) ( いしだ あゆみ , born 1948) , actress and singer Ayumi Ishida (singer) ( 石田 亜佑美 , born 1997) , Japanese singer Chiho Ishida ( 石田 千穂 , born 2002) , Japanese idol and singer Ishida Hakyō ( 石田波郷 , 1913–1969) , Japanese poet and writer Issei Ishida ( いしだ 壱成 , born 1974) , Japanese actor and musician Haruka Ishida ( 石田 晴香 , born 1993) , Japanese idol, singer, actress and voice actress Hikari Ishida ( 石田ひかり , born 1972) , Japanese actress Junichi Ishida ( 石田 純一 , born 1954) , Japanese actor and television personality Kazuharu Ishida ( 石田 和春 , born 1948) , Japanese sport wrestler Kichizo Ishida ( 石田 吉蔵 , c. 1894 – 1936) , killed by Sada Abe Kiyomi Ishida ( 石田 清美 , born 1968) , Japanese table tennis player Kyoko Ishida ( 石田 京子 , born 1960) , Japanese volleyball player Masatoshi Ishida (disambiguation) , multiple people Miku Ishida ( 石田 未来 , born 1988) , Japanese idol Mitsuhiro Ishida , Japanese mixed martial artist Ishida Mitsunari ( 石田 三成 , 1560–1600) , Japanese samurai Naohiro Ishida ( 石田 直裕 , born 1988) , Japanese shogi player Nobuhiro Ishida ( 石田 順裕 , born 1975 ) , Japanese boxer Noritoshi Ishida ( 石田 祝稔 , born 1951) , Japanese politician Ryotaro Ishida ( 石田 凌太郎 , born 2001) , Japanese footballer Sui Ishida ( 石田 スイ ) , Japanese manga artist Taro Ishida (石田 太郎 ( born 1944 ) , Japanese voice actor Tatsuya Ishida , Japanese webcomic author Tetsuya Ishida ( 石田 徹也 , 1973-2005) , Japanese visual artist Tsunenobu Ishida ( 石田 恒信 , 1905–?) , Japanese swimmer Yoshio Ishida , Japanese Go player Yoshihisa Ishida (born 1944), Japanese shot putter and hammer thrower Yuki Ishida ( 石田 祐樹 , born 1980) , Japanese footballer Yuki Ishida (wrestler) ( 石田 有輝 , born 1999) , Japanese professional wrestler Yuriko Ishida ( 石田 ゆり子 , born 1969) , Japanese actress References [ edit ] ^ 1990 Census Name Files Archived 2010-10-07 at

510-588: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Hatamoto A hatamoto ( 旗本 , "Guardian of the banner") was a high ranking samurai in the direct service of the Tokugawa shogunate of feudal Japan . While all three of the shogunates in Japanese history had official retainers, in the two preceding ones, they were referred to as gokenin . However, in the Edo period , hatamoto were

561-528: Is one of the main characters in the 2014 video game Ryū ga Gotoku Ishin! , voiced by Nakamura Shidō II . He has the visual likeness of previous series antagonist Yoshitaka Mine. Hijikata also appears in the mobile game Fate/Grand Order as a limited 5-Star Berserker-class Servant. He debuted during the GUDAGUDA 2: Meiji Restoration event, and his Noble Phantasm is known as Shinsengumi, which gets stronger as his HP dwindles. Ishida From Misplaced Pages,

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612-430: The daimyōs . However, as kōtai-yoriai were men of very high income in terms of the spectrum of hatamoto stipends, not all jikatatori hatamoto had the duty of alternate attendance. The dividing line between the upper hatamoto and the fudai daimyōs '—the domain lords who were also vassals of the Tokugawa house—was 10,000 koku . At the beginning of the 18th century, about 5,000 samurai held

663-602: The Battle of Futamata for sixteen hours and were forced to retreat. The Imperial forces attacked again on the next day, only to retreat. On the following night, Hijikata led a successful raid on the Imperial forces' camp, forcing them to flee. Hijikata and the forces later retreated to Hakodate on June 10. During the Battle of Hakodate , the final battle of the Boshin War , Hijikata summoned his 16-year-old page , Ichimura Tetsunosuke on June 14 ( lunar calendar May 5), 1869, to

714-530: The Boshin War in 1868, Kondō and Hijikata led the Shinsengumi in their final battles against the new government and fought in the Battle of Toba–Fushimi in January 1868. The Shinsengumi returned to Edo and was later reformed into a unit known as the Kōyō Chinbutai ( 甲陽鎮撫隊 , "Pacification Corps") and departed from Edo for Kōfu Castle on March 24 upon orders to suppress the uprisings there. But while on

765-691: The Library of Congress Web Archives [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with the surname Ishida . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ishida&oldid=1187466843 " Categories : Surnames Japanese-language surnames Hidden categories: Webarchive template other archives Articles containing Japanese-language text Articles with short description Short description

816-435: The abolition of the domains in 1871. The division between hatamoto and gokenin , especially amongst hatamoto of lower rank, was not rigid, and the title of hatamoto had more to do with rank rather than income rating. In the context of an army , it could be compared to the position of an officer . Throughout the Edo period, hatamoto held the distinction that if they possessed high enough rank, they had

867-520: The family from its days in Mikawa onward. However, the ranks of the hatamoto also included people from outside the hereditary ranks of the Tokugawa house. Retainer families of defeated formerly grand families like the Takeda , Hōjō , or Imagawa were included, as were cadet branches of lord families. Also included were heirs to lords whose domains were confiscated , for example Asano Daigaku,

918-598: The Bakumatsu - Irohanihoheto , Ghost Slayers Ayashi (as a child, with a brief glimpse of his future death); Kaze Hikaru , Shura no Toki , Hell Girl , Soar High! Isami (inspired character: Toshi Tsukikage) and the popular otome game /anime series Hakuouki: Shinsengumi Kitan . Hijikata is also a supporting character in Shin Teito Monogatari , the prequel to the bestselling historical fantasy novel Teito Monogatari ( Hiroshi Aramata ). In

969-639: The Boshin War. In 1875, Nagakura Shinpachi , with the help of Matsumoto Ryōjun and several of his surviving former Shinsengumi comrades including Saitō Hajime among others, erected the monument known as the Grave of Shinsengumi for Kondō Isami, Hijikata Toshizō, and the fallen comrades of the Shinsengumi at Jutoku-ji temple boundary in Itabashi , near Itabashi Station in Tokyo . The Hijikata Toshizō Museum

1020-647: The Goryōkaku fortress was taken and all military forces of the Ezo Republic surrendered to the Meiji government on June 27, 1869, marking the end of Boshin War. It is unknown where Hijikata was buried but it is believed that his body was laid to rest either at Goryōkaku, Hekketsuhi or Ganjoji. The first grave memorial of Hijikata was at Wakamatsu-chō, Hakodate, where he was killed, near the reconstructed Ippongi Kanmon in

1071-627: The Kōyō Chinbutai departed Edo again and later set up a temporary headquarters at the Kaneko family estate, northeast of Edo. They later moved to a new quarters in Nagareyama on April 25, 1868. During the training at Nagareyama on April 26, 1868, the Kōyō Chinbutai were caught by surprise by the 200 strong Imperial forces led by Vice-chief of Staff Arima Tota of Satsuma Domain and Kondō was ordered to go with them to their camp at Koshigaya . He

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1122-549: The Saitoya inn in Wakamatsu. When Hijikata decided to retreat from Aizu, Saitō and a small group of Shinsengumi parted with Hijikata and continued to battle in the Battle of Aizu until the very end. Hijikata and his rest of the Shinsengumi went to Sendai , where he joined up with Enomoto Takeaki 's fleet. He knew he was fighting a losing battle, and told the physician Matsumoto Ryōjun : I am not going to battle to win. With

1173-541: The Shinsengumi, Kondō and two other men, Serizawa Kamo and Niimi Nishiki , became joint leaders of the group, and Hijikata served as one of the deputy leaders. Shinsengumi served as a special police force in Kyoto that fought against the Reformists under Matsudaira Katamori , the Daimyō of Aizu. However, Serizawa and Niimi began fighting, drinking, and extorting money from merchants in Kyoto, which started to tarnish

1224-498: The TV series Hatchōbori no Shichinin , the manga Fūunjitachi Bakumatsu-hen , and Osamu Tezuka 's manga Hidamari no ki . The real-time strategy video game series Age of Empires features hatamoto in its Age of Empires III: The Asian Dynasties expansion, again in Age of Empires IV as Samurai Bannermen, in both games they are especially powerful variants of the samurai. In

1275-583: The Toki), Takigawa , Tsutsui , and Yamana families. The act of becoming a hatamoto was known as bakushin toritate ( 幕臣取立て ) . Many hatamoto fought in the Boshin War of 1868, on both sides of the conflict. The hatamoto remained retainers of the main Tokugawa clan after the fall of the shogunate in 1868, and followed the Tokugawa to their new domain of Shizuoka . The hatamoto lost their status along with all other samurai in Japan following

1326-409: The Tokugawa government about to collapse, it would be a disgrace if no one is willing to go down with it. That is why I must go. I will fight the best battle of my life to die for the country. In October 1868, Hijikata and Ōtori Keisuke led Shogunate forces to occupy the fortress of Goryōkaku in the Battle of Hakodate , and continued to eliminate local resistance. When the short-lived Ezo Republic

1377-469: The attack and mowed them down with a Gatling gun . Many others including the captain of Kaiten were also killed by gunfire from the Imperial ships. The battle lasted only thirty minutes; Hijikata, the survivors and the Kaiten retreated to Hakodate. Later on the fourth week of May 1869, Hijikata led the 230-strong Republic of Ezo forces and the surviving Shinsengumi against 600 strong Imperial forces during

1428-602: The brother of Asano Naganori , local power figures in remote parts of the country who never became daimyōs ; and the families of Kamakura and Muromachi periods Shugo (Governors): some of these include the Akamatsu , Besshō (branch of the Akamatsu), Hōjō , Hatakeyama , Kanamori (branch of the Toki), Imagawa , Mogami (branch of the Ashikaga), Nagai , Oda , Ōtomo , Takeda , Toki , Takenaka (branch of

1479-620: The daughter of the shamisen shop owners. Since he had already planned to join the Rōshigumi with Kondō Isami, Hijikata told them that after he got a promotion, he would carry out his marriage. In 1863, Hijikata and Kondō Isami joined the Rōshigumi in Edo, they arrived in Mibu , Kyoto and remained there as the Mibu Rōshigumi while the rest returned to Edo. Later, when Mibu Rōshigumi was renamed as

1530-526: The flag' (on the battlefield) and is often translated into English as " bannerman ". Another term for the Edo-era hatamoto was jikisan hatamoto ( 直参旗本 ) , sometimes rendered as "direct shogunal hatamoto ", which serves to illustrate the difference between them and the preceding generation of hatamoto who served various lords. The term hatamoto originated in the Sengoku period . The term

1581-538: The 💕 For other uses, see Ishida (disambiguation) . "Isida" redirects here. For the ancient Egyptian goddess, see Isis . For other uses, see Isis (disambiguation) . Ishida Pronunciation Ishida Origin Word/name Japanese Meaning stone ricefield Region of origin Japanese Ishida (written: 石田 lit. "stone ricefield")

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1632-619: The manga and anime, Drifters , Hijikata serves as one of the antagonists, who holds hatred to the protagonist, Shimazu Toyohisa , because he is an ancestor of the Shimazu clan he fought. He is also a main character in the manga Golden Kamuy , having been secretly imprisoned in Abashiri Prison instead of killed. Hijikata appears in the 2014 historical fiction novel The Soldier and the Samurai .( ISBN   1500183059 ) Hijikata

1683-460: The martial arts in the Edo period; many of them were involved in the running of dojo in the Edo area and elsewhere. Two hatamoto who were directly involved in the development of the martial arts were Yagyū Munenori and Yamaoka Tesshū . Munenori's family became hereditary sword instructors to the shogun . Hatamoto appeared as figures in popular culture even before the Edo era ended. Recent depictions of hatamoto include in

1734-584: The only survivor who fled that night. Kondō became the sole leader of Shinsengumi, with Yamanami Keisuke as his Vice-Commander. During the Ikedaya incident in the evening on July 8, 1864, Hijikata led a second group of 23 Shinsengumi members after Kondō's to help arresting a group of shishi at the Ikedaya Inn. Some time after the Zenzaiya incident , Yamanami Keisuke tried to leave Shinsengumi, despite

1785-508: The present day compound of the Hakodate Welfare Centre. A grave memorial of Hijikata was also erected at Sekidenji temple in Hino , Tokyo , Japan . Other grave memorials were located at Shōmyōji (Hakodate, Hokkaido), Tenneji ( Aizuwakamatsu ), Jutokuji ( Kita , Tokyo), Entsūji (Kita, Tokyo), etc. A monument known as Hekketsuhi, was erected at Hakodate in memory of about 800 people, including Hijikata, who died during

1836-400: The rank of hatamoto ; over two thirds of these had an income of less than 400 koku and only about 100 earned 5,000 koku or more. A hatamoto with 500 koku had seven permanent non-samurai servants, two swordsmen, a lancer, and an archer on standby. Infrequently, some hatamoto were granted an increase in income and thus promoted to the rank of fudai daimyō . One example of such

1887-441: The regulation against deserters. As a result, he committed seppuku with Okita Sōji as his Kaishakunin on March 20 ( lunar calendar February 23), 1865; and Hijikata took over as Vice-Commander. Due to his position in the Shinsengumi, which would be dangerous for anyone close to him, Hijikata felt that he had no choice but to cancel his marriage engagement with Okoto. Although he later had many lovers, he never came close to making

1938-464: The reputation of Shinsengumi and earned the group the derogatory nickname of "Wolves of Mibu" ( 壬生狼 , Miburō ) . Hijikata found enough proof against Niimi in these matters and ordered him to commit seppuku on October 19. Later on October 30 (or October 28) at night, Hijikata and the selected Shinsengumi members went into the house of Yagi Gennojō and assassinated Serizawa, his mistress Oume, and one of his followers Hirayama Goro, with Hirama Jūsuke been

1989-516: The revolution, on June 20 (lunar calendar May 11), 1869, Hijikata was killed near the Ippongi Kanmon (一本木関門) by a bullet that shattered his lower back while leading his troops on horseback. His body was later claimed by Koshiba Chōnosuke and others. Three days later on June 23 (lunar calendar May 14), 1869, a group of surviving Shinsengumi members under the last commander Sōma Kazue surrendered at Benten Daiba . A week after Hijikata's death,

2040-539: The right to personal audience with the shogun (these hatamoto were known as ome-mie ijō ). All hatamoto can be divided into two categories, the kuramaitori , who took their incomes straight from Tokugawa granaries, and the jikatatori , who held land scattered throughout Japan. Another level of status distinction amongst the hatamoto was the class of kōtai-yoriai , men who were heads of hatamoto families and held provincial fiefs, and had alternate attendance ( sankin-kōtai ) duties like

2091-477: The upper vassals of the Tokugawa house, and the gokenin were the lower vassals. There was no precise difference between the two in terms of income level, but a hatamoto had the right to an audience with the shogun , whereas gokenin did not. The word hatamoto literally means "origin/base of the flag", with the sense of 'around the flag', it is described in Japanese as 'those who guard

Hijikata Toshizō - Misplaced Pages Continue

2142-497: The way there, they received news on March 28 that the Kōfu Castle was taken by Imperial Court forces led by Itagaki Taisuke and later settled at the town of Katsunuma five miles east of Kōfu. On March 29, 1868, Kondō, Hijikata and the Kōyō Chinbutai resisted an attack by the Imperial forces at the Battle of Kōshū-Katsunuma for about two hours but lost, and they were scattered and fled to Edo. On April 11, 1868, Kondō, Hijikata and

2193-431: Was adopted to another family and would later become a physician. His eldest sister Shuu died when he was about three years old and his mother Etsu also died when he was six years old, and he was therefore raised by his second older brother Kiroku and sister-in-law. He was apparently tall compared to the average Japanese men of the period, and it is said that he was very handsome. He was said to be spoiled at an early age and

2244-527: Was alleged to be mean to all but his friends and family. This changed when a 21-year-old swordsman from the Aizu clan known for opposing the Reformists was forced to commit seppuku . When Hijikata attended the man's funeral, he apparently cried in public. Hijikata spent his youth selling his family's Ishida san'yaku (medicine for treating injuries such as bruises and broken bones) while practicing his self-taught kenjutsu . His brother-in-law, Satō Hikogorō , who

2295-650: Was also played by Koji Yamamoto in both the 2004 NHK Taiga drama series Shinsengumi! (including the single-episode sequel Shinsengumi!: Hijikata Toshizo Saigo no Ichinichi ) and 2015 morning drama series Asa ga Kita . He is the protagonist in Morita Kenji 's manga Getsumei Seiki , and in Mibu Robin's Baragaki ("Red Demon"). He is also featured in a number of other anime and manga series, including Gintama (an inspired character named Hijikata Tōshi rō 土方 十四郎), Peacemaker Kurogane , Intrigue in

2346-502: Was executed at Itabashi execution grounds on May 17, 1868. Hijikata, convalesced from a foot injury sustained at the Battle of Utsunomiya Castle , brought Kondō's strands of hair to Aizu and was said to have personally supervised the erection of Kondō's grave memorial at Tenneiji Temple. Following the Battle of Bonari Pass , the next day on October 7, 1868, Hijikata met Saitō Hajime at the Inawashiro Castle and stayed at

2397-563: Was founded in December, Hijikata was made a Deputy Defence Minister (Vice-minister of the Army). Imperial troops continued to attack by land and sea. On May 6, 1869, Hijikata led a daring but doomed raid to steal the imperial warship Kōtetsu in the Battle of Miyako Bay , in the early morning, a number of oppositionists managed to board the ship via the Kaiten warship, but Kōtetsu repelled

2448-424: Was later brought to Itabashi on April 27, 1868, for questioning. On the same day Hijikata went to Edo to see Katsu Kaishū and asked for his help in getting a pardon for Kondō. On the following day, a messenger arrived at Itabashi with a letter seemingly written by Katsu requesting that Kondō's life to be spared, but the messenger was arrested and the request was denied. Following his trial on April 30, 1868, Kondō

2499-467: Was later established in 1994 near the Sekidenji temple. The Shinsengumi have become a popular subject for films, television, and manga and anime, ranging from historical drama to comedy and romance. As a leader of the group, Hijikata is usually a prominent character in such productions. The novel Moeyo Ken , written by Ryōtarō Shiba , is a dramatization of Hijikata's life. The novel was adapted into

2550-644: Was married to his older sister Nobu, managed a Tennen Rishin-ryū dojo in Hino; through Satō, Hijikata later met Kondō Isami and was formally enrolled at the Tennen Rishin-ryū's Shieikan in 1859. Although Hijikata himself never fully mastered the Tennen Rishin-ryū , it is said that he managed to develop the "Shinsengumi-Kenjutsu" fighting style from the Tennen Rishin-ryū. An arrangement was made by his eldest brother Tamejiro for him to marry Okoto,

2601-419: Was used for the direct retainers of a lord; as the name suggests, the men who were grouped "around of the flag". Many lords had hatamoto ; however, when the Tokugawa clan achieved ascendancy in 1600, its hatamoto system was institutionalized , and it is to that system which is mainly referred to now when using the term. In the eyes of the Tokugawa shogunate, hatamoto were retainers who had served

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