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51-550: In 1766, the Province of North Carolina House of Burgess, at the direction of Province of North Carolina Governor William Tryon, divided the state into six judicial districts. The districts did not do away with the county divisions of the state, which continued. Within the Hillsborough District in 1775 were the counties of Caswell , Chatham , Granville , Orange , Randolph (added in 1779), and Wake . At

102-443: A regiment (Orange County supplied two regiments), which in turn was composed of various companies. Each company consisted of no less than 50 men and was further divided into five "divisions." One of the five divisions was reserved for "the more aged and infirm men." The other four divisions, of each company, drew lots to determine the rotation they would follow for their tour of service, which usually lasted for three months. Eventually

153-461: A county. Jails were often an important part of the courthouse but were sometimes built separately. Some county governments built tobacco warehouses to provide a common service for their most important export crop. Expansion westward began early in the eighteenth century from the provincial seats of power on the coast, particularly after the conclusion of the Tuscarora and Yamasee wars, in which

204-542: A governor in that province, whereas the lords proprietor continued to appoint the governor of North Carolina. Both Carolinas became royal colonies in 1729, after the British government had tried for nearly 10 years to locate and buy out seven of the eight lords proprietor. The remaining one-eighth share of the province was retained by members of the Carteret family until 1776, part of the Province of North Carolina known as

255-466: A trade boycott to protest British actions against New England . The second congress also met at New Bern, from April 3 to 7, 1775. John Harvey once again served as moderator. The congress met at the same place and almost the same time as the colonial assembly, and had almost exactly the same membership. This infuriated the royal governor, Josiah Martin , who dissolved the colonial legislature on April 8 and never called another. This congress approved

306-476: A world sharply divided along lines of ethnicity, gender, race, and class, the tavern keepers' rum proved a solvent that mixed together all sorts of locals and travelers. The increasing variety of drinks on offer and the emergence of private clubs meeting in the taverns showed that genteel culture was spreading from London to the periphery of the English world. The courthouse was usually the most imposing building in

357-672: The Battle of Charlotte on September 26, 1780 and the skirmish as Polk's Mill on October 9, 1780. The unit was short lived and was disbanded in December of 1780. The Randolph County Regiment was created when Randolph County was created by the North Carolina General Assembly on February 2, 1779 from the southern third of Guilford County. The officers were appointed and commissioned by the Governor. The regiment

408-854: The Continental Association , an economic boycott of Great Britain authorized by the First Continental Congress . Just after this congress met, news reached North Carolina about the Battle of Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts. Following this news, Governor Josiah Martin fled and this ended the royal government in the Province. The first military action occurred on July 18 when patriots burned Fort Johnston , where Governor Martin had transferred his headquarters. The third congress met in Hillsborough , from August 20 to September 10, 1775. Its president

459-781: The Granville District . In 1755 Benjamin Franklin , the Postmaster-General for the American colonies, appointed James Davis as the first postmaster of North Carolina colony at New Bern . In October of that year the North Carolina Assembly awarded Davis the contract to carry the mail between Wilmington, North Carolina and Suffolk, Virginia . By the late eighteenth century, the tide of immigration to North Carolina from Virginia and

510-754: The Halifax Resolves , the first "official" endorsement of independence from Great Britain by one of the Thirteen Colonies . Joseph Hewes presented the Halifax Resolves to the Continental Congress on May 27, the same day that Virginia delegates presented similar resolves. The Fifth and last Provincial Congress met at Halifax from November 12 to December 23, 1776. Richard Caswell served as president, with Cornelius Harnett as vice-president. This congress approved

561-776: The Overhill Cherokee . This barred any settlement near the headwaters of any rivers or streams that flowed westward towards the Mississippi River . It included several North Carolina rivers, such as the French Broad and Watauga . This proclamation was not strictly obeyed and was widely detested in North Carolina, but it somewhat delayed migration westward until after the Revolution. Settlers continued to flow westwards in smaller numbers, despite

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612-593: The Province of Pennsylvania began to swell. The Scots-Irish ( Ulster Protestants ) from present-day Northern Ireland were the largest immigrant group from the British Isles to the colonies before the American Revolution . Indentured servants , who arrived mostly in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, comprised the majority of English settlers prior to the Revolution. On the eve of

663-651: The Secretary of State for the Southern Department . The governor was accountable to the Secretary of State and the Board of Trade . The governor was also responsible for commissioning officers and provisioning the provincial militia. Besides the governor, other provincial officials included a secretary, attorney general, surveyor general, the receiver general, Chief Justice, five Customs Collectors for each of

714-648: The Tennessee River valley and the Kentucke County . The oldest counties were Albemarle County (1664–1689) and Bath County (1696–1739). During the period of 1668 to 1774, 32 counties were created. As western counties, such as Anson and Rowan Counties were created, their western borders were not well defined and extended west as far as the Mississippi. Toward the end of this period, the boundaries were more well defined and extended to include

765-646: The "deluded people of this Province" would see their error and return to their allegiance to the King. The Court Act of 1746 established a supreme court, initially known as the General Court, which sat twice a year at Newbern, consisting of a Chief Justice and three Associate Justices. The 14 chief justices of the Supreme Court appointed by the King included the following: North Carolina Provincial Congress The North Carolina Provincial Congress

816-487: The "fifth division" of "aged and infirm men" was dropped, as was the maximum age limit from 60 to 50. In order to provide a greater pool of available manpower, the old colonial militia exemption list was revised. Commanders of the Hillsborough District Brigade and their length of service are as follows: The following table shows the regiments of the Hillsborough District Brigade. In 1778, there

867-592: The Charter of Carolina in 1663 for land south of the British Colony of Virginia and north of Spanish Florida . He granted the land to eight lords proprietor , namely Edward, Earl of Clarendon ; George, Duke of Albemarle ; William, Lord Craven ; John, Lord Berkeley ; Anthony, Lord Ashley ; Sir George Carteret ; Sir William Berkeley ; and Sir John Colleton . Charles granted the land in return for their financial and political assistance in restoring him to

918-513: The Cherokee lands in the west. Two important maps of the province were produced: one by Edward Moseley in 1733, and another by John Collet in 1770. Moseley was surveyor general of North Carolina in 1710 and from 1723 to 1733. He was also the first provincial treasurer of North Carolina, starting in 1715. Moseley was responsible, with William Byrd , for surveying the boundary between North Carolina and Virginia in 1728. Other maps exist dating to

969-691: The Governor of North Carolina. The regiment was subordinated to the Hillsboro District Brigade of North Carolina militia on May 4, 1776. The regiment was disbanded at the end of the war. The colonels of the Chatham County Regiment were: The Granville County Regiment was one of the 35 existing county militias to be authorized as a regiment of the North Carolina militia by the North Carolina Provincial Congress on September 9, 1775. It

1020-667: The King were: The last provincial council included the following members: Governor Martin issued a proclamation on April 8, 1775, dissolving the General Assembly after they presented a resolve endorsing the Continental Congress that was to be held in Philadelphia . The provincial council met for the last time onboard HMS Cruizer in the Cape Fear River on July 18, 1775, they believed that

1071-631: The North Carolina Provincial Congress. These representatives were instrumental in the passage of the Halifax Resolves , in April 1776, during the Fourth Provincial Congress, which is now often referred to as the "Halifax Congress". The Hillsborough District Brigade was established on May 4, 1776. As the militia had a poor reputation for turning out, bounties to induce volunteerism were common during

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1122-694: The Northern Orange County Regiment was renamed the Caswell County Regiment. Colonel James Saunders continued as the commandant of the Caswell County Regiment. The Chatham County Regiment was a unit of the North Carolina militia that served during the American Revolution. The North Carolina General Assembly authorized the Chatham County Regiment on September 9, 1775, along with 34 other county regiments. The officers were appointed and commissioned by

1173-507: The Provincial Congress decided in favor of district brigades of militia with county militia regiments. Each brigade was led by a brigadier general . The county militia regiments were subordinated to the brigade. At that time, two additional districts were added, further dividing the western part of the state (Washington District Regiment in 1776 and Morgan District in 1784). Also, district representatives were chosen and sent to

1224-540: The Revolution), Campbellton (established in 1762), Edenton (chartered in 1712), Halifax (chartered in 1757), Hillsborough (1754), Newbern (settled in 1710, chartered in 1723), Salisbury (chartered in 1753), and Wilmington (founded in 1732, chartered in 1739 or 1740). Each of these nine major towns had a single representative in the North Carolina House of Burgesses in 1775 . Campbellton and

1275-524: The Revolution, North Carolina was the fastest-growing British colony in North America. Differences in the settlement patterns of eastern and western North Carolina , or the low country and uplands, affected the political, economic, and social life of the state from the eighteenth until the twentieth century. The small family farms of the Piedmont contrasted sharply with the plantation economy of

1326-596: The Revolution, the English and Highland Scots of eastern North Carolina tended to remain loyal to the King because of longstanding business and personal connections with Great Britain. The English, Welsh , Scots-Irish, and German settlers of western North Carolina tended to favor American independence. With no cities and very few towns or villages, the province was rural and thinly populated. Local taverns provided multiple services ranging from strong drink and beds for travelers to meeting rooms for politicians and businessmen. In

1377-469: The coastal region, where wealthy planters grew tobacco and rice with slave labor . The Tidewater in eastern North Carolina was settled chiefly by immigrants from rural England and the Scottish Highlands . The upcountry of western North Carolina was settled chiefly by Scots-Irish, English and German Protestants , and the so-called cohee —poor, non-Anglican, independent farmers. During

1428-576: The early period of the Age of Discovery that depict the coastline of the province along with that of South Carolina. The ports for which there were Customs Agents in the Province of North Carolina included: Bath , Roanoke , Currituck Precinct , Brunswick (Cape Fear), and Beaufort (Topsail Inlet). There were 52 new towns established in the Province of North Carolina between 1729 and 1775. Major towns during this period included: Bath (chartered in 1705), Brunswick (founded after 1726, destroyed during

1479-470: The first executive body in North Carolina free of British rule. Cornelius Harnett was elected as the first president of the council. The congress divided the state into six military districts for purposes of organizing militia and for determining representation on the Council. These districts included Edenton, Halifax, Hillsborough, New Bern, Salisbury , and Wilmington. Later, an additional district, Morgan,

1530-452: The five ports in North Carolina, and a council. The Council advised the governor and also served as the upper house of the legislature. Members of the lower house of the legislature, the House of Burgesses, were elected from precincts (counties after 1736) and from districts (also called boroughs or towns, which were large centers of population). The eight provincial governors appointed by

1581-749: The important southern campaigns and engagements. Orange County militia were particularly involved in engagements including Stono Creek , Charleston , Camden , Cowpens , Cowan's Ford, Clapp's Mill, Guilford Court House, and Lindley's Mill . Regiments of the Hillsborough District Brigade were involved in 55 known engagements (battles, sieges, and skirmishes), including one in Georgia, 11 in South Carolina, 36 in North Carolina. One or more companies of these regiments were involved in each engagement. Province of North Carolina The Province of North Carolina , originally known as Albemarle Province ,

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1632-669: The largest barrier was removed to provincial settlement farther inland. Settlement in large numbers became more feasible over the Appalachian Mountains after the French and Indian War and the accompanying Anglo-Cherokee War , in which the Cherokee and Catawba were effectively neutralized. King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763 in order to stifle potential conflict with Indians in that region, including

1683-533: The newly established General Assembly convened at New Bern . Five extra-legal unicameral bodies called the North Carolina Provincial Congresses met beginning in the summer of 1774. They were modeled after the colonial lower house (House of Commons). These congresses created a government structure, issued bills of credit to pay for the movement, organized an army for defense, wrote a constitution and bill of rights that established

1734-518: The northern region in 1691. The partition of Carolina into the Province of North Carolina and the Province of South Carolina was completed at a meeting of the lords proprietor held at Craven House in London on December 7, 1710, although the same proprietors continued to control both colonies. The first provincial governor of North Carolina was Edward Hyde . Unrest against the proprietors in South Carolina in 1719 led King George I to directly appoint

1785-480: The outbreak of the Revolutionary War, the newly formed North Carolina government converted the state's six existing judicial districts into military districts. These districts each comprised a number of counties surrounding a significant town. The six districts, which corresponded with old judicial organizations, were: Edenton, New Bern, Wilmington, Halifax, Salisbury , and Hillsborough. Each district

1836-557: The prohibition, and several trans-Appalachian settlements were formed. Most prominent was the Watauga Association , formed in 1772 as an independent territory within the bounds of North Carolina which adopted its own written constitution . Notable frontiersmen such as Daniel Boone traveled back and forth across the invisible proclamation line as market hunters, seeking valuable pelts to sell in eastern settlements, and many served as leaders and guides for groups who settled in

1887-661: The state of North Carolina, and elected their first acting governor in the fifth congress that met in 1776. These congresses paved the way for the first meeting of the North Carolina state Legislature on April 7, 1777, in New Bern, North Carolina . The first such congress met at the Tryon Palace in New Bern , from August 25 to 27, 1774. It was the first such gathering anywhere in the Thirteen Colonies held in defiance of British orders. Its moderator (president)

1938-413: The throne in 1660. The granted lands included all or part of the present-day U.S. states of North Carolina, Tennessee, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. The northern half of the Province of Carolina differed significantly from the southern half, and transportation and communication were difficult between the two regions, so a separate deputy governor was appointed to administer

1989-400: The town of Cross Creek (established in 1765) were combined in 1783 to form the town of Fayetteville. There were two primary branches of government, the governor and his council and the assembly, called the House of Burgesses. All provincial officials were appointed by either the lords proprietor prior to 1728 or The King afterwards. The King received advice for appointment of the governor from

2040-447: The towns of New Bern (first and second), Hillsborough (third), and Halifax (fourth and fifth). The fourth congress approved the Halifax Resolves , the first resolution of one of United Colonies to call for American independence . Five months later it would authorize the state's delegates to the Continental Congress to vote for independence. The fifth congress approved a state constitution and elected Richard Caswell governor. In 1777,

2091-450: The war. For men who chose not to serve when drafted, there were two options: pay for a substitute to take their place or pay a fine. These options, with some modifications, remained throughout the war. Brigadier General Thomas Person was appointed the first commander of the Hillsborough District Brigade in 1776. During the 1781 Battle of Guilford Court House , the Hillsborough District was commanded by John Butler . Each county supplied

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2142-404: Was John Harvey , who was concurrently the last speaker of the Province of North Carolina General Assembly of 1775 House of Burgesses. This first provincial congress, with 69 delegates from 30 of the then-36 counties, approved the calling of a Continental Congress and elected William Hooper , Joseph Hewes , and Richard Caswell as the colony's delegates thereto. The congress also approved

2193-408: Was Samuel Johnston (Harvey had recently died). This congress, which included representatives of every county and town, officially established itself as the highest governmental body in the province (British Governor Martin had fled, ending royal government). To govern North Carolina when the congress was not in session, a 13-member Provincial Council, or Council of Safety, was elected, constituting

2244-630: Was a proprietary colony and later royal colony of Great Britain that existed in North America from 1712 to 1776. It was one of the five Southern colonies and one of the thirteen American colonies . The monarch of Great Britain was represented by the Governor of North Carolina , until the colonies declared independence on July 4, 1776 . "Carolina" is taken from the Latin word for " Charles " ( Carolus ), honoring King Charles II , and

2295-418: Was a state level militia organization above the brigade. Each regiment was made up of companies of up to 50 men. The Caswell County Regiment started out as the Northern Orange County Regiment when the original Orange County Regiment was split into two separate and distinct regiments. The commandant was Colonel James Saunders. Under this name the regiment did not serve in any engagements. |- On May 9, 1777,

2346-410: Was active until the end of the war in 1783. Colonels of the regiment included: The Wake County Regiment was one of the 35 existing county militias to be authorized as a regiment of the North Carolina militia by the North Carolina Provincial Congress on September 9, 1775. It was active until the end of the war. The colonels included: Militia from the Hillsborough District participated in nearly all of

2397-931: Was active until the end of the war. The colonels included: The North Carolina Council of State authorized Col Taylor to create the Mounted Volunteers Regiment of Cavalry in August 1780. They were assigned to keep the Loyalists from rising up around Chatham and Randolph counties. They were sent to the Salisbury District in September of 1780 to join up with the North Carolina State Cavalry-Western District in September 1780 in anticipation of contact with General Cornwallis. They were engaged with

2448-511: Was added for the western part of the state, including counties that eventually became part of Tennessee (Davidson, Greene, and Washington). In the present day, the fourth North Carolina Provincial Congress is sometimes referred to as the "Halifax Assembly." The fourth congress, also presided over by Samuel Johnston, met in Halifax , from April 4 to May 14, 1776. Allen Jones served as vice-president. This congress passed what became known as

2499-469: Was an extralegal representative assembly patterned after the colonial lower house that existed in North Carolina from 1774 to 1776. It led the transition from British provincial to U.S. state government in North Carolina . It established a revolutionary government, issued bills of credit to finance the provincial government, provided for the common defense, and adopted the state's first constitution . There were five congresses . They met in

2550-429: Was first named in the 1663 Royal Charter granting to Edward, Earl of Clarendon ; George, Duke of Albemarle ; William, Lord Craven ; John, Lord Berkeley ; Anthony, Lord Ashley ; Sir George Carteret , Sir William Berkeley , and Sir John Colleton the right to settle lands in the present-day U.S. states of North Carolina, Tennessee, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida. King Charles II granted

2601-616: Was to supply a brigade of militia regiments under the command of a brigadier general . After the Third North Carolina Provincial Congress held at Hillsborough (August 20 – September 10, 1775), the districts became known as "military" vice "judicial" districts. These districts were used to organize the North Carolina Minutemen battalions for a six-month trial as state troops, beginning on September 1, 1775. By April 10, 1776,

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