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29-575: Hindeloopen is one of the eleven cities of Friesland. It had a population of around 875 in January 2017. Hindeloopen received city rights in 1225 and in 1368 it became a member of the Hanseatic League . Since the 12th and 13th century, shippers of Hindeloopen undertook journeys to the North and Baltic Sea Coasts. The strong overseas connections with foreign countries and infrequent contact with

58-550: A lot busier from the seventeenth century onwards. Due to the new Leidsche dam in the Vliet canal (which would become the town of Leidschendam ), trading skippers had to transfer their goods, travellers had to wait for their barge and workmen offered their services there. All those people had to live, eat or sleep somewhere. This also led to an increase in residents in Voorburg. Although an ancient city, during medieval Holland it

87-448: A number of counts. In the twelfth century they divided their land into lower administrative divisions, i.e. Amts . During this time Voorburg became a distinctive ambt, with the first Lord of the Amt of Voorburg being Dirk van Duvenvoorde. He was given the position around 1198. There was a small wooden chapel in Voorburg at that time. At the beginning of the thirteenth century it was replaced by

116-478: Is a town and former municipality in the west part of the province of South Holland , Netherlands . Together with the town Leidschendam and the village Stompwijk , it merged into the municipality of Leidschendam-Voorburg in 2002. Situated adjacent to the city of The Hague , it is often regarded as one of its suburbs. Voorburg is considered to be one of the oldest towns in the Netherlands (being founded by

145-412: Is better known as the canal Vliet which is still a dominant landmark of the current municipalities. There was a strong population growth in the town and area in the 2nd century, with possibly around 27,000 people at that time living in this area and surroundings. However, from the 3rd century onwards the number of inhabitants fell sharply; this was related to the attacks by Germanic tribes from above

174-491: Is not relevant, so there are some very small cities. The smallest is Staverden in the Netherlands, with 40 inhabitants. In Belgium, Durbuy is the smallest city, whilst the smallest in Luxembourg is Vianden . When forced by financial problems, feudal landlords offered for sale privileges to settlements from around 1000. The total package of these comprises town privileges . Such sales raised (non-recurrent) revenue for

203-484: The Dutch East India Company (VOC). The rich town developed in those days her own costume and a completely individual style with colorful painted walls and furniture. In the small streets some sea captains’ houses remind of this time of glory. You can see an anchor hanging on the façades of these houses, in those years a sign, that the captain could still accept freight. In summertime when the captain

232-679: The Great Migration Period , the Frisian king Ezelsoor, presumambly Audulf , had a large castle built on its remains, which he called Hogeburch . In the ninth century, the whole area was plundered with the castle Hogeburch being destroyed by the Normans . Bishop Hunger of Utrecht , who owned a number of farms at the place, but which had been stolen by the Normans, made a list of all his possessions that he hoped to regain. Here, for

261-524: The Old Church of Voorburg . In the fifteenth century there were 108 houses in Voorburg. However, most people lived on small farms. Large areas of a wetland existed along the Vliet canal. These wetland accumulated peat , which could be made into a popular fuel at that time. The peat-rich soil led to a strong increase of inhabitants in the area and Voorburg. With trade on the Vliet canal, the area also became

290-531: The German Nation . A liege lord , usually a count , duke or similar member of the high nobility, granted to a town or village he owned certain town privileges that places without city rights did not have. In Belgium , Luxembourg , and the Netherlands , a town, often proudly, calls itself a city if it obtained a complete package of city rights at some point in its history. Its current population

319-692: The Grand Pensionary of the Netherlands, against the Stadtholder , the Prince of Orange. He equated God with Nature. Until 2009 Voorburg hosted the major branch of the country's statistics institute, the CBS (Central Bureau for Statistics), which provides most of the statistical data used by the government. That year the CBS relocated a few kilometres eastward to Leidschenveen, one of the new developments in

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348-540: The Rhine, but increasing flooding may also have played a role. The Romans left here definitely around 270 AD, due to this continued Germanics attacks. The settlement continued to collapse over time with not many people left during the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 5th century AD. Only since the 20th century, Voorburg has become a place of considerable size again. Around the year 600 and just after

377-552: The Romans as the town Forum Hadriani ). It celebrated its 2000th year of existence in 1988. Voorburg was probably inhabited by humans as an urban settlement since about 2700 BC, although not continuously. The Romans arrived here in 47 AD and established a place between 69 and 70 AD, soon after or during the Batavian Revolt . The first clear traces of a civil Roman settlement date from the time of Emperor Domitian under whom

406-539: The authority they had previously had: law-making and the judiciary had become part of the state . After the Constitution of 1848 and the Municipal Law of 1851, the differences between the legal privileges of cities, towns, and villages were permanently erased. In the early 19th century, when several important towns (especially The Hague ) wanted to call themselves cities, the custom of granting city status

435-624: The development and centralization of a national government. In the Netherlands the last city to receive real city rights (as defined above) was Willemstad in 1586. During the Dutch Republic , only Blokzijl gained city rights (in 1672). After the Batavian Revolution in 1795, municipalities were styled after the French model and city rights were abolished by law. Although partially restored after 1813, cities did not fully regain

464-631: The feudal lords, in exchange for the loss of power. Over time, the landlords sold more and more privileges. This resulted in a shift of power within the counties and duchies in the Low Countries from the aristocracy to the bourgeoisie, starting in Flanders . Some of these cities even developed into city-states . The growing economic and military power concentrating in the cities led to a very powerful class of well-to-do merchants and traders. Privileges Freedoms Governance Note several of

493-430: The first time the current name Voorburg as Foreburgh appears on this list from 860. 'Foreburgh' is a portmanteau of the words 'Fore' and 'burgh'. 'Fore' probably comes from the earlier Germanic word 'furrha', meaning forest; 'burgh' (also named into English as borough ) means fortified settlement. Thus, Voorburg literally means 'fortified settlement in the forest'. In the ninth century, the Netherlands were governed by

522-540: The following were first granted city rights during the medieval period. The first community in the contemporary Kingdom of the Netherlands to receive city rights was Deventer in 956. It can be argued that some cities have older rights: for instance Nijmegen may have been granted city status during the Roman Empire . Another case is Voorburg , which is built on the site of the Roman settlement Forum Hadriani and

551-546: The hinterland were probably the reasons for the developing of the Hindeloopen language ; a mixture of West Frisian , English , Danish , and Norwegian . The shipping trade brought the population of Hindeloopen a great prosperity. The 17th and 18th century were especially golden times . At that time, the people of Hindeloopen spent a lot of money in Amsterdam on precious fabrics and objects, which were supplied through

580-472: The main railway station, now functions as a museum. Philosopher Baruch Spinoza lived in Voorburg from 1663 to 1670. In Voorburg, Spinoza continued work on the Ethics and corresponded with scientists, philosophers, and theologians throughout Europe. He also wrote and published his Theological Political Treatise in 1670, in defense of secular and constitutional government, and in support of Johan de Witt ,

609-589: The military district along the Rhine was transformed into the Roman province Germania Inferior . It was initially named Municipium Cananefatium , i.e. "Town of the Cananefates", since the site formed the nucleus of the civitas of the Cananefates , who lived west of the Batavians . Voorburg became the capital of the tribal area of the Cananefates. After a supposed visit by Emperor Hadrian in 121/122 AD,

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638-489: The municipality of The Hague . Until June 2006 the town had three railway stations: Voorburg , Voorburg 't Loo and Leidschendam-Voorburg station . The latter two are now part of the RandstadRail network. Voorburg station used to be an Intercity station, because there was an eternal agreement with the railways that every passing train should stop there. It lost that status, as the new railway station infrastructure

667-414: The place became known as Forum Hadriani , named after the emperor and which means "Hadrian's Market". Around the middle of the 2nd century, Voorburg received town rights and was given the official name Municipium Aelium Cananefatum . Excavations has show that Voorburg, despite its small size at the beginning (at most 1,000 inhabitants), was a fully-fledged Roman city. Laid out with a chess-board pattern,

696-634: The town had bathhouses, shops and a city wall with gates. It was the northernmost Roman town on continental Europe . Forum Hadriani was located along the Fossa Corbulonis , a canal connecting the Rhine and the Meuse , which was dug in 47 AD by the Roman general Corbulo . This waterway is nowadays known as the Rhine-Schie canal , of which part of this, from Leiden to Leidschendam-Voorburg ,

725-682: The typical wooden bridges and characteristic façades. In the Museum Hindeloopen you can become acquainted with the rich maritime history and living culture of Hindeloopen, which manifests itself in the rich Hindeloopen art and in the fine old costumes. City rights in the Netherlands City rights are a feature of the medieval history of the Low Countries , and, more generally, the Holy Roman Empire of

754-469: Was at sea, the captain's wife lived with the children in the so-called “Likhus”. A little house behind the captain's house at the waterline. Before 2011, the city was part of the Nijefurd municipality and before 1984 Hindeloopen was an independent municipality. In the old center you can get a feel for Hindeloopen's unique character by wandering through the narrow streets and looking for the lovely views,

783-565: Was briefly revived. The last grant of city status in the Netherlands was to Delfshaven in 1825. But the city status granted during this period was quite different from the privileges bestowed in the Middle Ages, and were merely symbolic. This is also the case for cities such as The Hague and Assen , which received their status during the Napoleonic period. Voorburg Voorburg ( Dutch pronunciation: [ˈvoːrbʏr(ə)x] )

812-518: Was granted city status in about AD 151, but was abandoned in the late 3rd century: thus the current settlement is not considered an uninterrupted continuation of the Roman city. At the end of the Middle Ages , the number of grants of city status fell dramatically. The strong position of merchants and traders allowed the Netherlands to become the first modern republic in the 16th century. The institution of city status gradually came to an end with

841-485: Was never granted a 'city charter' by its sovereign leader(s) or none available is that old. Famous inhabitants of Voorburg include the 17th century author and poet Constantijn Huygens , who spent many years building his small country house Hofwijck with adjacent geometrically shaped gardens alongside the Vliet . His son, the famous astronomer and mathematician Christiaan Huygens , spent several years in his father's country house in Voorburg. The house , located next to

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