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31-475: The Historische Zeitschrif t was founded in 1859 by Heinrich von Sybel . Forerunners of the Historische Zeitschrift as a general journal of scholarly historiography include Leopold von Rankes '   Historisch-politische Zeitschrift (1832 to 1836) and particularly Wilhelm Adolf Schmidt 's Zeitschrift für Geschichtswissenschaft (1844 to 1848). In the early phase of its development, until

62-509: A fake, he assisted in publishing an investigation into the authenticity of the celebrated relic. From this time he began to take an active part in contemporary politics and in controversy as a strong but moderate Liberal. In 1846 he was appointed professor at Marburg , and though this small university offered little scope for his activities as a teacher, a seat in the Hessian Landtag gave him his first experience of politics. In 1848 he

93-678: A generous patron of learning, hoped to establish a school of history. Here he found a fruitful field for his activity. Besides continuing his work on the Revolution and on the Middle Ages, he occupied himself fully with the Historical Seminar which he instituted; with the Historische Zeitschrift which he founded - the original model of the numerous historical periodicals which now exist – and as secretary of

124-461: A mirror of intellectual trends and developments at West German universities. Major historical and political controversies in the late Weimar Republic (e.g. about Ernst H. Kantorowicz monograph on emperor Frederick II ) and in post-war Germany were debated by leading historians in the Historische Zeitschrift . The main arguments of Fritz Fischer 's book Griff nach der Weltmacht about the origins of World War One were first outlined in an article in

155-926: A number of famous and groundbreaking scholars, such as the founder Heinrich von Sybel, Nobel laureat (Literature) Theodor Mommsen , Heinrich von Treitschke , Hermann Baumgarten , Friedrich Meinecke , Wilhelm Maurenbrecher , Georg Voigt , Alfred Heuss and Johann Gustav Droysen . After Heinrich von Sybel (1859-1895), the editors of the historical journal were Heinrich von Treitschke (1895-1896), Friedrich Meinecke (1896-1935), Karl Alexander von Müller (1935-1943), Ludwig Dehio (1949-1956), Walther Kienast (1949-1968), Theodor Schieder (1956-1984), Theodor Schieffer (1968-1975), Lothar Gall (1975-2015) and Andreas Fahrmeir as well as Hartmut Leppin (each since 2015). The methodological predelictions and writing style of long-serving editors such as Lothar Gall often had an impact on younger scholars. Recent editors such as Fahrmair and Leppin have also liased with major German newspapers such as

186-576: A professor of archaeology in the university of Marburg, was the author of several works dealing with Greek archaeology. Some of Sybel's numerous historical and political essays have been collected in Kleine historische Schriften (3 vols, 1863, 1869, 1881; new ed., 1897); Vorträge und Aufsätze (Berlin, 1874); and Vorträge und Abhandlungen , published after his death with a biographical introduction by Conrad Varrentrapp (Munich, 1897). Theodor Mommsen Too Many Requests If you report this error to

217-598: A professorship at Bonn , which he held until 1875. He was elected a member of the Prussian Lower House, and during the next three years was one of the most active members of that assembly. In several important debates he led the attack on the government, and opposed the policy of Bismarck , not only on finances but also on Polish and Danish affairs, in particular the impending crisis with Denmark over Schleswig and Holstein . In 1864 he did not stand for re-election, owing to an eye infection, but in 1866 he

248-519: A valuable piece of historical investigation employing the critical methods he had learnt from Ranke, was also of some significance as a protest against the vaguely enthusiastic attitude encouraged by the Romantic school towards the Middle Ages. In 1861 Lady Duff-Gordon published an English translation of a part of this book, to which were added lectures on the crusades delivered in Munich in 1858, under

279-522: Is widely considered to be one of the leading historical journals in German-speaking Europe. Unlike many other journals, the authors of its articles are usually already well established researchers and leading experts in their fields. Since the late 1960s, the journals overall political tendencies have often been described as centre right or liberal. In addition to essays, particularly on topics of early modern and modern history but also on

310-745: The Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung and Die Zeit in order to democratise the findings and debates of historical scholarship. On March 3, 2009, the 150th anniversary of the Historische Zeitschrift was celebrated in the Kaulbach Villa of the Historisches Kolleg (Institute for Advanced Study in History) in Munich. Historische Zeitschrift' s editors have included: Heinrich von Sybel Heinrich Karl Ludolf von Sybel (2 December 1817 – 1 August 1895)

341-581: The French and the Prussians ; in 1831 he was raised to the hereditary nobility. His home was one of the centres of the vigorous literary and artistic life for which Düsseldorf was renowned at that time. Sybel was educated at the local Gymnasium, and then at the University of Berlin , where he came under the influences of Friedrich Carl von Savigny and Leopold von Ranke , whose most distinguished pupil he

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372-570: The Historische Zeitschrift served "not entirely, but to a large extent, as an instrument for political legitimation" of Hitler's regime and ideology. Until the early 1960s, the scholarship of historians who had emigrated under National Socialism was frequently marginalised or excluded in the journal. In the late 1960s the journal developed into a diverse and vibrant publication that reflected major trends in West German and Western European historical scholarship. The Historische Zeitschrift became

403-594: The Historische Zeitschrift . Major contributors to the ' Historikerstreit ' about similarities between Marxist-Leninist and Nationalsocialist totalitarianism and the uniqueness of the Holocaust wrote in the Historische Zeitschrift . The establishment and development of the Historische Zeitung became a model for other important historical journals in Europe and overseas. This concerns the structure of

434-619: The Historisches Jahrbuch . The denominational divide in German historiography and the competition for dominating the discourses about cultural and political identity construction in German-speaking Europe was not overcome until the 1920s when an increasing body of scholarly work by Catholic and Jewish authors was accepted for publication in the Historische Zeitschrift . During the reign of the National Socialists ,

465-737: The Kulturkampf , attacks on Catholic perspectives on Central European history were not uncommon, especially in connection with topics concerning the Reformation and the legacy of Martin Luther and the Hohenzollern dynasty. Conversely, Catholic historians published periodicals with some anti-Prussian political and historical content such as the Historisch-politischen Blätter für das katholische Deutschland and

496-529: The German Empire , by M L Perrin and G Bradford (New York, 1890–1891). Sybel did not live to write an account of the war with France , dying at Marburg on 1 August 1895. His other writings include Die deutsche Nation und das Kaiserreich (1862) and a large number of historical articles. Sybel left two sons, one of whom became an officer in the Prussian army ; the other, Ludwig von Sybel (1846-1929),

527-550: The earlier volumes were enlarged and altered, and a new edition was published at Stuttgart in 1882. The first three volumes were translated into English by Walter Copland Perry (1867–1869). In this work he showed for the first time the connection between the internal and external history of France. By systematically studying the records, he was also the first to check and correct the traditional account of many episodes of France's internal history. He demonstrated that letters attributed to Marie Antoinette were not genuine. He undermined

558-648: The end of the First World War, the journal was run by and closely associated with Protestant and Prussian historians who championed the Prussian claim to political and cultural hegemony in German-speaking Europe and, since 1871, Prussian political dominance within the German Empire . Until the Weimar Republic , Catholic authors were rarely represented in the Historische Zeitschrift . During

589-587: The government in its conflict with the Clericals, and after 1878 with the Socialists . He explained and justified his position in two pamphlets that analysed the teaching of the Socialists and traced Clerical policy during the 19th century. In 1880 he retired, like so many other Liberals, disheartened by the change in political life which he blamed on universal suffrage. In 1875, Bismarck appointed him to

620-556: The history of Greek and Roman Antiquity and the Middle Ages , the Historische Zeitschrift has an extensive review section on new publications in the areas of historical scholarship and historiography. The Historische Zeitschrift frequently includes topics at the intersections of culture and history ('Kulturgeschichte") and art and history ('Kunstgeschichte'). Contributors to the Historische Zeitschrift include

651-501: The influential revolutionary legends, expounded by French writers. Sybel was interested in Edmund Burke , on whom he had published two essays. The work was in fact the first attempt to substitute for the popular view of Thiers and Lamartine , a line which was later taken up by Taine and Albert Sorel . In 1856, on the recommendation of Ranke, Sybel accepted the post of professor at Munich, where King Maximilian II of Bavaria ,

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682-644: The journal, the historical epochs it addresses, as well as the inclusion of debates in the area of historiography and the intersection of philosophy and history. The creation of the Historische Zeitschrift inspired Gabriel Monod to found the French Revue historique in 1876. In 1886 the English Historical Review was founded, with the American Historical Review following in 1895. The Historische Zeitschrift

713-542: The new Historical Commission. Political differences soon interfered with his work; as a supporter of Prussia and a Protestant, especially as a militant champion against the Ultramontanes, he was from the first an object of suspicion to the Clerical party. In the political excitement which followed the war of 1859 he found that he could not hope for the unreserved support of the king, and therefore in 1861 he accepted

744-470: The period 1859–1866, Sybel was engaged in a literary controversy with the historian, Julius von Ficker , on the significance of the German Empire. During the years that followed he was occupied with his major chronicle of the French Revolution , Geschichte der Revolutionszeit 1789–1800 , for which he had made prolonged studies in the archives of Paris and other countries. The later editions of

775-498: The post of director of the Prussian archives. Under his superintendence was begun the great series of publications, besides that of the correspondence of Frederick the Great , which he helped to edit. His last years were occupied with his great work, Die Begründung des deutschen Reiches durch Wilhelm I ( The Founding of the German Empire under William I )(Munich, 1889–1894), a work of great importance on German unification , for which he

806-633: The title History and Literature of the Crusades . This was followed by a study of the growth of German kingship ( Die Entstehung des deutschen Königtums , Frankfurt, 1844, and again 1881), after which he was appointed professor. In the same year (1844) Sybel became prominent as an opponent of the Ultramontane party. The exhibition of the Holy Shroud at Trier had attracted enormous numbers of pilgrims, and so, indignant at what appeared to him

837-597: Was a German historian and politician, who served in the Landtag of Prussia from 1862 to 1864 and from 1874 to 1880. He was a professor at the University of Bonn from 1861 to 1875 and director of the Prussian Archives from 1875. Sybel came from a Protestant family which had long been established at Soest . He was born in Düsseldorf , where his father held important posts in the public service under both

868-501: Was allowed to use the Prussian state papers and was therefore able to write a history of the greatest events of his own time with full access to highly secret sources of information. As a history of Prussian policy from 1860 to 1866 it is of incomparable value. After the fall of Bismarck permission to use the secret papers was withdrawn, and therefore vols. vi. and vii., which deal with the years 1866 to 1870, are of less importance. This work has been translated into English as The Founding of

899-539: Was one of the first to point out the way to a reconciliation between Bismarck and his former opponents. He had a seat in the Constituent Assembly of 1867, and while he joined the National Liberals he distinguished himself by opposing the introduction of universal suffrage , sharing the distrust of many Liberals over its effects. In 1874 he returned to the Prussian parliament in order to support

930-602: Was present at Frankfurt, but he did not succeed in winning a seat for the National Assembly. His opposition to the extreme democratic and revolutionary party made him unpopular with the mob who broke his windows, and his liberalism made him suspect at court. He sat in the Erfurt parliament of 1850, and was attached to the Gotha party, which hoped for the regeneration of Germany through the leadership of Prussia . During

961-463: Was to become. After taking his degree, he settled down in 1841 as a Privatdozent in history at the university of Bonn. He had already made himself known by critical studies on the history of the Middle Ages , of which the most important was his Geschichte des ersten Kreuzzuges ( History of the First Crusade ) (Düsseldorf, 1841; new ed., Leipzig, 1881), a work which, besides its merit as

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