113-690: The Hutchinson River is a 10 mile-long (16 km) freshwater stream located in the New York City borough of the Bronx and Southern Westchester County, New York , United States. It forms on the New Rochelle – Scarsdale municipal line off Brookline Road in the latter community and flows south, draining a 19.4-square-mile (50 km) area. It continues to serve as New Rochelle's city line with Eastchester ; further downstream; its lower reaches divide Mount Vernon and Pelham until it enters
226-495: A 300-foot (91 m) culvert carrying it under Old and New Wilmot roads. Another quarter-mile downstream, with wooded strips buffering it on either side, it crosses under Lakeshore Drive and then widens into Reservoir No. 1, or Lake Innisfree . At the 65-acre (26 ha) V-shaped lake the Hutchinson has descended to 184 ft (56 m). It flows out through a narrow spillway on the lake's southeastern shore, crossing under
339-631: A decade between Irish immigrants and Black people for work. Rioters burned the Colored Orphan Asylum to the ground. At least 120 people were killed. Eleven Black men were lynched over five days, and the riots forced hundreds of Blacks to flee. The Black population in Manhattan fell below 10,000 by 1865. The White working class had established dominance. It was one of the worst incidents of civil unrest in American history . In 1886,
452-730: A federal court order calling for compliance with the Clean Water Act . In 2019, the New York environmental organization Riverkeeper sued J. Bass & Son Inc., a scrap metal company based in Mount Vernon, for polluting the river under the Clean Water Act. A project to repair the broken sewage collection line in Mount Vernon, funded by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation ,
565-668: A footbridge and then immediately bending southwest to begin several miles of closely paralleling the Hutchinson River Parkway , a four-lane limited-access grade-separated highway. The river goes through a series of culverts under the ramps of the parkway's Mill Road exit immediately to the south. While still flowing close by the parkway, it enters the mostly wooded Twin Lakes County Park, the least developed area it has flowed through by this point. Approximately 0.3 miles (480 m) downstream of Lake Innisfree,
678-705: A junction with I-95 and the New England Thruway . Crossing over Bartow Avenue and the Hutchinson River , the parkway crosses into the main section of Pelham Bay Park, where Exit 3 forks off towards the center of the park. The now six-lane parkway crosses north through Pelham Bay Park, entering Exit 4A, another junction with the New England Thruway. When the Hutchinson River Parkway leaves Pelham Bay Park,
791-726: A median rest area . The parkway continues northeast, entering Exit 14, a diamond interchange with NY 127 (North Street) in Harrison . Passing Maple Moor Golf Course, the Hutchinson River Parkway enters Exit 15A–B, a cloverleaf interchange with I-287 (the Cross Westchester Expressway ). Just to the north of the interchange, NY 984J forks to the northwest towards I-684 in Harrison at Exit 16A. Just northeast of NY 984J, Exit 16B forks to NY 120 (Purchase Street). After Exit 16A-B
904-572: A pedestrian bridge between Beechwood Avenue in Mount Vernon and Sparks Avenue in Pelham crosses both river and parkway. The river, closely paralleling the parkway, bends to the south over its next thousand feet to where East Third Street and the offramp to it from the parkway cross over. Immediately to the south it borders Mount Vernon's small Migui Park. Another thousand feet downstream, after the river and parkway curve slightly southwest again, Colonial Avenue crosses over. At this point Pelham Manor becomes
1017-528: A respective county . The city is the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area , the largest metropolitan area in the U.S. by both population and urban area . New York is a global center of finance and commerce , culture , technology , entertainment and media , academics and scientific output , the arts and fashion , and, as home to
1130-531: A result of Sandy, and the economic losses in New York City were estimated to be roughly $ 19 billion. The disaster spawned long-term efforts towards infrastructural projects to counter climate change and rising seas, with $ 15 billion in federal funding received through 2022 towards those resiliency efforts. In March 2020, the first case of COVID-19 in the city was confirmed. With its population density and its extensive exposure to global travelers,
1243-424: A small unnamed lake, slightly to the southwest through the wooded parkland to the 18.3-acre (7.4 ha) Reservoir 2 , 95 ft (29 m) above sea level. Reservoir 2 is actually two separate lakes connected by 500 ft (150 m) of stream just east of the parkway. After almost a half-mile (900 m), the Hutchinson flows out the spillway of another dam just above a state highway garage complex adjoining
SECTION 10
#17327649853761356-485: A speech denying the request, which was paraphrased on the front page of the New York Daily News as "FORD TO CITY: DROP DEAD." The Municipal Assistance Corporation was formed and granted oversight authority over the city's finances. While a resurgence in the financial industry greatly improved the city's economic health in the 1980s, New York's crime rate continued to increase through that decade and into
1469-503: A submerged obstacle. The leak was not discovered until it reached its terminal at Edison Avenue in Mount Vernon shortly afterwards. Anti-combustion foam was sprayed on the river. Six bridges span the river's navigable section, carrying rail and automobile traffic. They are, from downstream heading upstream: Pelham Bridge (movable), Amtrak's Pelham Bay Bridge (movable), Hutchinson River Parkway (movable), New England Thruway (fixed), and Eastchester Bridge ( Boston Post Road ) (fixed), in
1582-619: Is designated as NY 907W and is maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation (NYSDOT). Both designations are unsigned reference routes . Like the Bronx River Parkway , the reference route designation of the parkway in Westchester County violates the numbering scheme used by the NYSDOT. The second digit of a reference route designation typically indicates its region. While other reference routes in
1695-503: Is named for the Hutchinson River , a 10-mile-long (16 km) stream in southern Westchester County that the road follows alongside. The river, in turn, was named for English colonial religious leader Anne Hutchinson . Construction of the parkway began in 1924 and was completed in 1941. The section of the parkway between Eastern Boulevard (now Bruckner Boulevard) in the Bronx and U.S. Route 1 (US 1) in Pelham Manor
1808-468: Is one of the world's most populous megacities . The city and its metropolitan area are the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States . As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York City, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. In 2021, the city was home to nearly 3.1 million residents born outside the U.S., the largest foreign-born population of any city in
1921-512: Is paralleled by the Hutchinson River Parkway . At three points along its length it has been dammed to create reservoirs. Its lower three miles (5 km) are commercially navigable and still in use by shipping. As a result of all this pressure, the river is seriously polluted. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation rates the entire stream as impaired to an extent that it cannot be used as drinking water or recreationally; local authorities discourage eating any fish caught from
2034-400: Is suffering from neglect, and although it was dredged in 2010, the northernmost section was not and is filling in with silt . Only shallow draft barges can reach Sprague terminal and only at high water ; at lower tides squat can cause barges to beach . The northernmost dock in the dredged project, Imperia Brothers Inc. , has not been able to accept a scow of aggregates since 2007 due to
2147-614: The American South . During construction in Foley Square in the 1990s, the African Burying Ground was discovered; the cemetery included 10,000 to 20,000 graves of colonial-era Africans, some enslaved and some free. The 1735 trial and acquittal in Manhattan of John Peter Zenger , who had been accused of seditious libel after criticizing colonial governor William Cosby , helped to establish freedom of
2260-810: The Atlantic port to the agricultural markets and commodities of the North American interior via the Hudson River and the Great Lakes . Local politics became dominated by Tammany Hall , a political machine supported by Irish and German immigrants . In 1831, New York University was founded. Several prominent American literary figures lived in New York during the 1830s and 1840s, including William Cullen Bryant , Washington Irving , Herman Melville , Rufus Wilmot Griswold , John Keese , Nathaniel Parker Willis , and Edgar Allan Poe . Members of
2373-668: The Bill of Rights there. The Supreme Court held its first organizational sessions in New York in 1790. In 1790, for the first time, New York City surpassed Philadelphia as the nation's largest city. At the end of 1790, the national capital was moved to Philadelphia . During the 19th century, New York City's population grew from 60,000 to 3.43 million. Under New York State's gradual emancipation act of 1799, children of slave mothers were to be eventually liberated but to be held in indentured servitude until their mid-to-late twenties. Together with slaves freed by their masters after
SECTION 20
#17327649853762486-726: The Caribbean . The attempt at a peaceful solution to the war took place at the Conference House on Staten Island between American delegates, including Benjamin Franklin , and British general Lord Howe on September 11, 1776. Shortly after the British occupation began, the Great Fire of New York destroyed nearly 500 buildings, about a quarter of the structures in the city, including Trinity Church . In January 1785,
2599-905: The Hudson River , which he named Río de San Antonio ('Saint Anthony's River'). In 1609, the English explorer Henry Hudson rediscovered New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for the Dutch East India Company . He sailed up what the Dutch called North River (now the Hudson River), named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange . Hudson claimed
2712-721: The Lower Hudson Valley . The first documented visit into New York Harbor by a European was in 1524 by explorer Giovanni da Verrazzano . He claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême (New Angoulême ). A Spanish expedition, led by the Portuguese captain Estêvão Gomes sailing for Emperor Charles V , arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 and charted the mouth of
2825-769: The Merritt Parkway (Route 15). Construction of the parkway began in 1924 and the first two-mile (3 km) section was completed in December 1927. By October 1928, 11 miles (18 km) of the parkway were open, connecting US 1 in Pelham Manor, New York with Westchester Avenue in White Plains, New York. The original roadway was an undivided freeway , designed with gently sloping curves, stone arch bridges, and wooden lightposts . The original 11-mile (18 km) section included bridle paths along
2938-742: The New York City Fire Department and 71 law enforcement officers. The area was rebuilt with a new World Trade Center , the National September 11 Memorial and Museum , and other new buildings and infrastructure, including the World Trade Center Transportation Hub , the city's third-largest hub. The new One World Trade Center is the tallest skyscraper in the Western Hemisphere and the seventh-tallest building in
3051-511: The Statue of Liberty , a gift from France , was dedicated in New York Harbor. The statue welcomed 14 million immigrants as they came to the U.S. via Ellis Island by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and is a symbol of the United States and American ideals of liberty and peace. In 1898, the City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then a separate city),
3164-709: The Stonewall riots were a series of violent protests by members of the gay community against a police raid that took place in the early morning of June 28, 1969, at the Stonewall Inn in Greenwich Village . They are widely considered to be the single most important event leading to the gay liberation movement and the modern fight for LGBT rights . Wayne R. Dynes , author of the Encyclopedia of Homosexuality , wrote that drag queens were
3277-582: The headquarters of the United Nations , international diplomacy . With an estimated population in 2023 of 8,258,035 distributed over 300.46 square miles (778.2 km ), the city is the most densely populated major city in the United States. New York City has more than double the population of Los Angeles , the nation's second-most populous city. With more than 20.1 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and 23.5 million in its combined statistical area as of 2020, New York City
3390-450: The right-of-way . There was also a riding academy where the public could rent horses . In 1930, Robert Moses , an American public official who worked on New York metropolitan area infrastructure, announced plans to build more parkways in the Bronx. A southward extension from Pelham Manor to Pelham Bay Park opened on December 11, 1937. The new southerly extension became part of a rerouted New York State Route 1A. The final segment of
3503-612: The steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River , killing 1,021 people. In 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire , the city's worst industrial disaster, killed 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and major improvements in factory safety standards. New York's non-White population was 36,620 in 1890. New York City
Hutchinson River - Misplaced Pages Continue
3616-535: The waterfronts since Dutch colonial times; reclamation is most prominent in Lower Manhattan, with developments such as Battery Park City in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of the natural relief in topography has been evened out, especially in Manhattan. Hutchinson River Parkway The Hutchinson River Parkway (known colloquially as the Hutch ) is a controlled-access parkway in southern New York in
3729-538: The 19th century, the city was transformed by both commercial and residential development relating to its status as a national and international trading center , as well as by European immigration, respectively. The city adopted the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 , which expanded the city street grid to encompass almost all of Manhattan. The 1825 completion of the Erie Canal through central New York connected
3842-457: The Bronx and empties into Long Island Sound 's Eastchester Bay . The river is named for Anne Hutchinson , who came from Rhode Island in 1642 and settled on Pelham Neck to the east of the river, across from where Co-op City is now. Much of the land in the Hutchinson's watershed has been extensively developed over the last century as the New York metropolitan area grew and suburbanized . Along all but its uppermost and lowermost stretches, it
3955-539: The Bronx; and Fulton Avenue Bridge in Pelham Manor (movable). The movable bridges still employ tenders and open daily for maritime traffic. The New Rochelle Water Company dammed the Hutchinson River at three places between 1886 and 1907, creating three reservoirs at the northern end of the community. The Westchester County Park Commission purchased the reservoirs and the surrounding water shed property in 1927, for parkland and parkway purposes. A part of
4068-705: The Continental Army at the Battle of Fort Washington in November 1776 eliminated the last American stronghold in Manhattan, causing George Washington and his forces to retreat across the Hudson River to New Jersey , pursued by British forces. After the battle, in which the Americans were defeated, the British made the city their military and political base of operations in North America. The city
4181-575: The County of New York (which then included parts of the Bronx), the County of Richmond, and the western portion of the County of Queens. The opening of the New York City Subway in 1904, first built as separate private systems, helped bind the new city together. Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication. In 1904,
4294-640: The Cross County Parkway merges into the northbound lanes. Crossing through Twin Lakes Park, the parkway enters Exit 8, a junction with the northern end of Webster Avenue. Passing around Reservoir 3 , the Hutchinson River Parkway crosses into Eastchester and soon back into New Rochelle near Exit 9, which connects to North Avenue. To the north, Exit 9A and Exit 9B going southbound junctions with Mill Road in Eastchester,
4407-640: The Duke of York (the future King James II and VII). The duke gave part of the colony to proprietors George Carteret and John Berkeley . On August 24, 1673, during the Third Anglo-Dutch War , Anthony Colve of the Dutch navy seized New York at the behest of Cornelis Evertsen the Youngest and rechristened it "New Orange" after William III , the Prince of Orange . The Dutch soon returned
4520-717: The Dutch West India Company had operated as a monopoly in New Netherland, on authority granted by the Dutch States General . In 1639–1640, in an effort to bolster economic growth, the Dutch West India Company relinquished its monopoly over the fur trade, leading to growth in the production and trade of food, timber, tobacco, and slaves (particularly with the Dutch West Indies ). In 1647, Peter Stuyvesant began his tenure as
4633-596: The Hutchinson River Expressway (I-678), and the Bruckner Expressway (I-95 and I-278 ). The Hutchinson River Parkway proceeds north as a continuation of I-678, entering Exit 1A, a small 1-lane ramp to Bruckner Boulevard near Saint Raymond's Cemetery . Just to the north of Exit 1A, gas stations appear on each side of the road, which turns northeast and into Exit 1B, a connection to East Tremont Avenue. After Exit 1B,
Hutchinson River - Misplaced Pages Continue
4746-444: The Hutchinson flows over a small stone dam and then under the parkway again. On the other side, the river turns southwest again, flows under the railroad tracks used by Metro-North Railroad 's New Haven Line commuter service. After 200 ft (61 m), it turns and is again crossed by the parkway, having descended to 27 ft (8.2 m) above sea level. The Hutchinson again turns slightly southeast. Another 200 feet downstream
4859-399: The Hutchinson opens up into 30-acre (12 ha) Reservoir 3 , having descended to 123 ft (37 m) in elevation. Another quarter-mile to the south, it flows out of the lake via a spillway in the dam at its southern end, then crosses under a park road and then the parkway for the first of several times, just south of the Webster Avenue exit. From there it continues flowing, first through
4972-406: The Hutchinson. Efforts to clean up the river have begun both in the form of remediation programs and lawsuits against polluters. The main stem of the Hutchinson rises from a confluence of two short streams off Brookline Road in an extensively developed residential area of single-family homes on large lots in Scarsdale , at an elevation roughly 235 ft (72 m) above sea level. From its source
5085-518: The Leatherstocking Trail and other trails. The three reservoirs are no longer used as a water supply. The southern part of Hutchinson River has become polluted due to outflow of raw sewage from Mount Vernon . Plumes of polluted water have flowed downstream and negatively affected the river's fish population. This issue was first noted in 2003, prompting a cleanup directive from the EPA . The town faced several fines by 2017, having not taken action to mitigate pollution for two decades, and in 2020, received
5198-489: The Leatherstocking Trail. The Hutchinson River runs about .75 miles (1.21 km) from Lake Innisfree to the northern reaches of Reservoir 3 , constructed in 1907. Immediately after exiting Reservoir 3 the river flows under the Hutchinson River Parkway and then only about one-tenth of a mile (160 m) to Reservoir 2 , which was constructed in 1892 and is the smallest of the three. Reservoir 3 and Reservoir 2 are both contained within Twin Lakes County Park and are accessible by
5311-405: The New York metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan economy in the world , with a gross metropolitan product of over US$ 2.16 trillion. If the New York metropolitan area were its own country , it would have the tenth-largest economy in the world . Despite having a 24/7 rapid transit system , New York also leads the world in urban automobile traffic congestion . The city is home to
5424-439: The Quaker Ridge section of Scarsdale , the Hutchinson River Parkway crosses into Exit 12, Mamaroneck Road near Saxon Woods County Park. The parkway runs along the southern end of the park, entering Exit 13A-B in the center of the park. Exit 13A-B services Mamaroneck Avenue as it crosses over the West Branch of the Mamaroneck River . Leaving the park, the Hutchinson River Parkway enters White Plains , crossing past
5537-578: The Revolutionary War and escaped slaves, a significant free-Black population gradually developed in Manhattan. The New York Manumission Society worked for abolition and established the African Free School to educate Black children. It was not until 1827 that slavery was completely abolished in the state . Free Blacks struggled with discrimination and interracial abolitionist activism continued. New York City's population jumped from 123,706 in 1820 (10,886 of whom were Black and of which 518 were enslaved) to 312,710 by 1840 (16,358 of whom were Black). Also in
5650-412: The United States. It extends for 18.71 miles (30.11 km) from the Bruckner Interchange in the Throggs Neck section of the Bronx to the New York– Connecticut state line at Rye Brook . The parkway continues south from the Bruckner Interchange as the Whitestone Expressway ( Interstate 678 ) and north into Greenwich, Connecticut , as the Merritt Parkway ( Connecticut Route 15 ). The roadway
5763-415: The adjacent village of Pelham . The parkway winds north through Pelham, entering Exit 5B on the southbound lanes, a connection to East 3rd Street. Winding northeast, the parkway crosses under the Metro-North Railroad New Haven Line just west of Pelham station . Just after the line, the Hutchinson River Parkway crosses into Exit 6A, a bi-directional junction with Lincoln Avenue in Pelham. Soon
SECTION 50
#17327649853765876-426: The assembly of the Congress of the Confederation made New York City the national capital. New York was the last capital of the U.S. under the Articles of Confederation and the first capital under the Constitution of the United States . As the U.S. capital, New York City hosted the inauguration of the first President, George Washington , and the first Congress , at Federal Hall on Wall Street . Congress drafted
5989-430: The backyards of houses on the east side of Forest and East Woods lanes on the Scarsdale side. Sloping woodland buffers the backyards, on Abington Lane and Tewkesbury Road in New Rochelle. A little over a half-mile (800 m) south of the bridge, the river enters a larger patch of woods south of the Tunstall Road dead end in Scarsdale, west of Primrose Road in New Rochelle. After winding another 700 ft (210 m) to
6102-493: The beginning of the 1990s. By the mid-1990s, crime rates started to drop dramatically due to revised police strategies, improving economic opportunities, gentrification , and new residents, both American transplants and new immigrants from Asia and Latin America. New York City's population exceeded 8 million for the first time in the 2000 United States census ; further records were set in 2010 , and 2020 U.S. censuses. Important new sectors, such as Silicon Alley , emerged in
6215-534: The business elite lobbied for the establishment of Central Park , which in 1857 became the first landscaped park in an American city. The Great Irish Famine brought a large influx of Irish immigrants, of whom more than 200,000 were living in New York by 1860, representing over a quarter of the city's population. Extensive immigration from the German provinces meant that Germans comprised another 25% of New York's population by 1860. Democratic Party candidates were consistently elected to local office, increasing
6328-510: The city from New Jersey. The East River—a tidal strait —flows from Long Island Sound and separates the Bronx and Manhattan from Long Island. The Harlem River , another tidal strait between the East and Hudson rivers, separates most of Manhattan from the Bronx. The Bronx River , which flows through the Bronx and Westchester County , is the only entirely freshwater river in the city. The city's land has been altered substantially by human intervention, with considerable land reclamation along
6441-439: The city rapidly replaced Wuhan , China as the global epicenter of the pandemic during the early phase, straining the city's healthcare infrastructure. Through March 2023, New York City recorded more than 80,000 deaths from COVID-19-related complications. New York City is situated in the northeastern United States , in southeastern New York State, approximately halfway between Washington, D.C. and Boston . Its location at
6554-447: The city's economy. The advent of Y2K was celebrated with fanfare in Times Square . New York City suffered the bulk of the economic damage and largest loss of human life in the aftermath of the September 11, 2001, attacks . Two of the four airliners hijacked that day were flown into the twin towers of the World Trade Center, resulting in the collapse of both buildings and the deaths of 2,753 people, including 343 first responders from
6667-615: The city's ties to the South and its dominant party. In 1861, Mayor Fernando Wood called on the aldermen to declare independence from Albany and the United States after the South seceded, but his proposal was not acted on. Anger at new military conscription laws during the American Civil War (1861–1865), which spared wealthier men who could afford to hire a substitute, led to the Draft Riots of 1863 , whose most visible participants were ethnic Irish working class. The draft riots deteriorated into attacks on New York's elite, followed by attacks on Black New Yorkers after fierce competition for
6780-468: The continuation of North Avenue. After Exits 9A and 9B, the parkway passes east of Reservoir 1 and south of Exit 9C, Wilmot Road. The Hutchinson River Parkway proceeds northeast as a four-lane freeway through New Rochelle. The parkway crosses under NY 125 (Weaver Street), which is accessible southbound via Exit 11. Proceeding northbound, Exit 11 services Hutchinson Avenue, which connects to NY 125 and Quaker Ridge Country Club. Now in
6893-410: The county carry a second digit of "8", as Westchester County is located in region 8, the "0" in 907W is indicative of regions 10 and 11, containing Long Island and New York City , respectively. The Hutchinson River Parkway begins at the large Bruckner Interchange in the Throggs Neck section of the Bronx . This interchange consists of junctions with the Cross Bronx Expressway ( I-95 and I-295 ),
SECTION 60
#17327649853767006-417: The development of large housing tracts in eastern Queens and Nassau County , with Wall Street leading America's place as the world's dominant economic power. The United Nations headquarters was completed in 1952, solidifying New York's global geopolitical influence, and the rise of abstract expressionism in the city precipitated New York's displacement of Paris as the center of the art world. In 1969,
7119-418: The early 18th century, New York grew in importance as a trading port while as a part of the colony of New York . It became a center of slavery , with 42% of households enslaving Africans by 1730. Most were domestic slaves ; others were hired out as labor. Slavery became integrally tied to New York's economy through the labor of slaves throughout the port, and the banking and shipping industries trading with
7232-461: The former territory of New Netherland , including the city of New Amsterdam , when the Kingdom of England seized it from Dutch control. In the pre-Columbian era , the area of present-day New York City was inhabited by Algonquians , including the Lenape . Their homeland, known as Lenapehoking , included the present-day areas of Staten Island , Manhattan , the Bronx , the western portion of Long Island (including Brooklyn and Queens ), and
7345-474: The four-lane Eastchester Bridge. The river bends slightly and then back over its next thousand feet, growing wider just above where the New England Thruway ( Interstate 95 ) crosses over. South of the Thruway, the Hutchinson bends again to a south-southwest course, now a hundred feet wide, flowing straight between an industrial area on its west and wetlands on the east, part of the Thomas Pell Wildlife Sanctuary in nearby Pelham Bay Park . The parkway returns to
7458-410: The ice (and its subsequent retreat) contributed to the separation of what is now Long Island and Staten Island. That action left bedrock at a relatively shallow depth, providing a solid foundation for most of Manhattan's skyscrapers. The Hudson River flows through the Hudson Valley into New York Bay . Between New York City and Troy, New York , the river is an estuary . The Hudson River separates
7571-431: The interchange with the Cross County Parkway . The river follows the parkway for another 600 ft (180 m), curving southeast and then east; after the bridge into the garage complex it begins to separate from the parkway. The Hutchinson gets to its greatest distance from the parkway here, 750 ft (230 m) to its east at one point over the river's next 0.8 mi (1.3 km), before returning to cross under
7684-448: The island to England under the Treaty of Westminster of November 1674. Several intertribal wars among the Native Americans and epidemics brought on by contact with the Europeans caused sizeable population losses for the Lenape between 1660 and 1670. By 1700, the Lenape population had diminished to 200. New York experienced several yellow fever epidemics in the 18th century, losing ten percent of its population in 1702 alone. In
7797-438: The land was used for the Hutchinson River Parkway , which follows the river for most of its distance. The three reservoirs are numbered in the order they were built. Reservoir No. 1 , which is now known as Lake Innisfree , is furthest upstream, and was constructed in 1886. Lake Innisfree is the largest of the reservoirs. It is mostly surrounded by private land, but its dam and part of its eastern shore can be accessed on foot by
7910-599: The last Director-General of New Netherland. During his tenure, the population of New Netherland grew from 2,000 to 8,000. Stuyvesant has been credited with improving law and order; however, he earned a reputation as a despotic leader. He instituted regulations on liquor sales, attempted to assert control over the Dutch Reformed Church , and blocked other religious groups from establishing houses of worship. In 1664, unable to summon any significant resistance, Stuyvesant surrendered New Amsterdam to English troops, led by Colonel Richard Nicolls , without bloodshed. The terms of
8023-545: The local population as a representative of the Dutch colonists. A permanent European presence near New York Harbor was established in 1624, making New York the 12th-oldest continuously occupied European-established settlement in the continental United States , with the founding of a Dutch fur trading settlement on Governors Island . In 1625, construction was started on a citadel and Fort Amsterdam , later called Nieuw Amsterdam (New Amsterdam), on present-day Manhattan Island. The colony of New Amsterdam extended from
8136-559: The lowest bridge on the Hutchinson, carries Shore Road across. Below the bridge the Hutchinson widens into its mouth, becoming Eastchester Bay near the west end of Long Island Sound , with the Country Club neighborhood on its west and Rodman's Neck and City Island on the east. The Hutchinson's 19.4-square-mile (50 km) watershed generally extends for a mile (1.6 km) to the Bronx River watershed on its west. On
8249-419: The most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London . The metropolitan area surpassed 10 million in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity . The Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor and the fall of Tammany Hall after eighty years of political dominance. Returning World War II veterans created a post-war economic boom and
8362-556: The mouth of the Hudson River , which feeds into a naturally sheltered harbor and then into the Atlantic Ocean , has helped the city grow in significance as a trading port. Most of the city is built on the three islands of Long Island, Manhattan, and Staten Island. During the Wisconsin glaciation , 75,000 to 11,000 years ago, the New York City area was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet . The erosive forward movement of
8475-408: The narrow strip of woodland between the parkway and Hutchinson Boulevard to the west, the river bends a bit more towards the south over its next 0.3 miles (480 m) to the Cross County Parkway connector, where it goes through a 350-foot (110 m) culvert. After emerging, it remains in the much narrower space between the roads for another thousand feet to where it flows through another culvert under
8588-496: The only " transgender folks around" during the June 1969 Stonewall riots. The transgender community in New York City played a significant role in fighting for LGBT equality. In the 1970s, job losses due to industrial restructuring caused New York City to suffer from economic problems and rising crime rates. Growing fiscal deficits in 1975 led the city to appeal to the federal government for financial aid; President Gerald Ford gave
8701-544: The parkway crosses under the IRT Pelham Line just west of Middletown Road subway station , crossing into the Pelham Bay section of the Bronx. Just after crossing into Pelham Bay, the parkway enters Exits 1C–D, an interchange with Pelham Parkway in a small section of Pelham Bay Park . After crossing over Amtrak 's Northeast Corridor , the parkway crosses out of Pelham Bay Park and into Exit 2A–B,
8814-551: The parkway leaves Pelham for Mount Vernon , entering the Chester Heights section. In Mount Vernon, the Hutchinson River Parkway enters Exit 6B, a connection to the Cross County Parkway . The parkway winds northeast into Exit 7, a junction with New Rochelle Road, bending northwest through Nature Study Woods Park. The parkway then bends north into New Rochelle . Just after crossing into New Rochelle,
8927-501: The parkway makes a bend to the southeast entering Exit 17, a junction with Lincoln Avenue in Harrison. The four-lane parkway winds northeast once again, entering Exit 18, a junction with North Ridge Street in Rye Brook. The Hutchinson River Parkway enters Exit 19A, a connection with NY 120A (King Street). At this interchange, the Hutchinson River Parkway crosses into the state of Connecticut and continues northeast as
9040-469: The parkway to its east side, paralleling River Avenue briefly before it flows under East Lincoln Avenue and the offramps for that exit, then a footbridge next to the intersection of First Avenue and Third Street, before crossing under the parkway again and turning south into Pelham Lake, 43 ft (13 m) above sea level, in Willson's Woods Park . At the south end of the 800-foot-long (240 m) lake,
9153-489: The parkway's side over the next 0.3 miles (480 m), flowing 500 feet (150 m) to its east as the fields and tennis courts interpose themselves. On the river's west, land use changes to commercial. South of the Glover complex the Hutchinson widens, bears more to the southwest, further away from the parkway, and enters an industrial area, with tank farms and warehouses aside. This the upper limit of commercial navigation on
9266-536: The parkway—a southward extension to the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge —was completed on October 11, 1941 and was initially designated NY 1X. The NY 1X designation was removed in 1946 and replaced with a realigned NY 1A, which had previously followed Bruckner Boulevard and Shore Road between what is now the Bruckner Interchange and Exit 5 on the Hutch. The NY 1A designation
9379-461: The pipeline it is briefly entirely within Mount Vernon as Pelham Manor gives way to the New York City borough of The Bronx on the east side. After 200 feet (120 m), the Hutchinson crosses the city limit itself. Two hundred feet into the Bronx neighborhood also known as Eastchester , the Hutchinson bends southeast as another 500-foot terminal extends to the west-northwest. Another 200 feet downstream, Boston Road ( U.S. Route 1 ) crosses over on
9492-728: The press in North America . In 1754, Columbia University was founded. The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October 1765, as the Sons of Liberty organization emerged in the city and skirmished over the next ten years with British troops stationed there. The Battle of Long Island , the largest battle of the American Revolutionary War , was fought in August 1776 within modern-day Brooklyn. A British rout of
9605-539: The region for the Dutch East India Company. In 1614, the area between Cape Cod and Delaware Bay was claimed by the Netherlands and called Nieuw-Nederland (' New Netherland '). The first non–Native American inhabitant of what became New York City was Juan Rodriguez , a merchant from Santo Domingo who arrived in Manhattan during the winter of 1613–14, trapping for pelts and trading with
9718-414: The right-of-way leaves the Bronx and enters Westchester County . Now in the village of Pelham Manor, the parkway enters Exit 4B, an interchange with US 1 (Boston Post Road). Southbound, an Exit 5A is present, a ramp to Sandford Boulevard in Pelham Manor. Proceeding northbound, Exit 5 connects to Colonial Avenue, the continuation of Sandford Boulevard after the Hutchinson River Parkway in
9831-551: The river serves as the boundary between Scarsdale and the city of New Rochelle to the east. It flows southwesterly, heavily channelized , between backyards 400 ft (120 m) to its first crossing, a street known as Drake Road in Scarsdale and Baraud Road in New Rochelle. Below the bridge, the Hutchinson continues winding, still decoratively channelized and with several small wooden private pedestrian bridges, through
9944-498: The river widens into an estuary , with tidal flats on its eastern shore and housing projects on its west, with small Goose Island just offshore. Another 0.3 mi (0.48 km) downstream from the parkway, the Pelham Bay Bridge carries Amtrak 's Northeast Corridor passenger service over the river. A small bay protrudes on the south side of the river, and 500 feet downstream the 891-foot (272 m) Pelham Bridge ,
10057-471: The river's east there is less distance, generally a half-mile (800 m), to the Mamaroneck – Sheldrake watershed, reaching nearly a mile into New Rochelle near Pelham Lake. At the north end, the watershed extends less than a thousand feet from the river's source, including the watershed's highest point, the 300-foot (91 m) intersection of Heathcote Road and Morris Lane in Scarsdale. The terrain in
10170-532: The river's vicinity, paralleling it 500 feet to the west. A thousand feet south of the Thruway the industrial properties give way to the Co-op City housing development. After flowing past Co-Op City for 0.6 mi (0.97 km), the Hutchinson, now below 10 ft (3.0 m) in elevation, with a dredged channel in its middle, bends southeast as the parkway crosses for the last time. Immediately downstream,
10283-521: The river, and a thousand feet into it a 500-foot terminal branches off to the northwest. Another 350 ft (110 m) to the south Pelham Parkway (South Fulton Avenue in Mount Vernon) crosses on a steel mesh drawbridge . And 300 feet (100 m) south of that bridge, a pipeline is elevated high above the river bed. The river veers slightly into a straight south-southwest course, now wide enough that barges can moor along its banks, and 500 feet from
10396-496: The road and flow southwest again just north of the Pelhamdale Road exit. Just before it flows under New Rochelle Road, the border of that community leaves the river channel. South of that bridge, it enters Mount Vernon and after another 1,000 feet (300 m) again forms a municipal boundary, between Mount Vernon and the village of Pelham , once it crosses under the exit ramps for the southbound parkway. Remaining within
10509-480: The silt build-up. Some shipping accidents in the past have affected the river. In March 1934 a tug struck a rock while navigating an ice field under the Pelham Bay Bridge and began leaking; a rowboat was used to evacuate the crew of five before it sank. The United States Coast Guard closed the river to navigation fora a day after an April 1967 accident, when a tanker began leaking gasoline after striking
10622-471: The south, the Hutchinson bends southeastward to where Scarsdale Boulevard (just Boulevard in Scarsdale) crosses. From there it soon returns to its southwest course as it flows 800 ft (240 m) through another wooded area between houses to its next crossing, Sprague Road. Another 500 ft (150 m) below that bridge, as the river again divides houses in the narrowing space between Clarence Road on
10735-611: The southern tip of Manhattan to modern-day Wall Street , where a 12-foot (3.7 m) wooden stockade was built in 1653 to protect against Native American and English raids. In 1626, the Dutch colonial Director-General Peter Minuit , as charged by the Dutch West India Company , purchased the island of Manhattan from the Canarsie , a small Lenape band, for "the value of 60 guilders " (about $ 900 in 2018). A frequently told but disproved legend claims that Manhattan
10848-559: The surrender permitted Dutch residents to remain in the colony and allowed for religious freedom. In 1667, during negotiations leading to the Treaty of Breda after the Second Anglo-Dutch War , the victorious Dutch decided to keep the nascent plantation colony of what is now Suriname , which they had gained from the English, and in return the English kept New Amsterdam. The settlement was promptly renamed "New York" after
10961-473: The terminals that are still operating. The northernmost active terminal, Sprague Energy located at 100 Canal St. in Mount Vernon , still accepts barges of heating oil , ULSD , and biodiesel blends daily. The other two active docks are PASCAP , which exports scrap metal, and the former Colonial Sand and Gravel dock, which accepts scows full of aggregate to make cement and asphalt . The river
11074-439: The village on the east of the river. A hundred feet (30 m) to the south, bending more to the west briefly, the Hutchinson crosses under three roadways: the ramps between Colonial and the southbound parkway, and the access road to the Glover athletic complex to the south. The river again flows southwest, and another hundred feet downstream a footbridge from the parking lot to the fields crosses over. The Hutchinson diverges from
11187-426: The watershed is generally level and densely developed either as urban multiple-unit housing, suburban single-family homes or intense commercial and industrial use. Twin Lakes County Park is the only significant area of open space above the Hutchinson's estuary. The Hutchinson River is navigable for its southernmost three miles (4.8 km). Tugs and barges and the occasional small tanker still make their way to
11300-427: The west and Charlotte Lane to the east, it becomes the boundary between New Rochelle and Eastchester . The Hutchinson continues to flow slightly to the southwest alongside Wilmot Road, dividing lots on it and Old Wilmot Road in Eastchester for the next quarter-mile (400 m). The houses and lots are smaller than those further upstream in Scarsdale. It then bends more to the southwest, paralleling Wilmot, as it enters
11413-597: The world by pinnacle height, with its spire reaching a symbolic 1,776 feet (541.3 m), a reference to the year of U.S. independence . The Occupy Wall Street protests in Zuccotti Park in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan began on September 17, 2011, receiving global attention and popularizing the Occupy movement against social and economic inequality worldwide. New York City
11526-493: The world's two largest stock exchanges by market capitalization of their listed companies: the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq . New York City is an established safe haven for global investors. As of 2023 , New York City is the most expensive city in the world for expatriates and has by a wide margin the highest U.S. city residential rents; and Fifth Avenue is the most expensive shopping street in
11639-525: The world. New York City traces its origins to Fort Amsterdam and a trading post founded on Manhattan Island by Dutch colonists around 1624. The settlement was named New Amsterdam in 1626 and was chartered as a city in 1653. The city came under English control in 1664 and was temporarily renamed New York after King Charles II granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York , before being permanently renamed New York in November 1674. New York City
11752-402: The world. New York City is home by a significant margin to the highest number of billionaires , individuals of ultra-high net worth (greater than US$ 30 million), and millionaires of any city in the world. In 1664, New York was named in honor of the Duke of York (later King James II of England ). James's elder brother, King Charles II , appointed the Duke as proprietor of
11865-566: Was heavily affected by Hurricane Sandy in late October 2012. Sandy's impacts included flooding that led to the days-long shutdown of the subway system and flooding of all East River subway tunnels and of all road tunnels entering Manhattan except the Lincoln Tunnel . The New York Stock Exchange closed for two days due to weather for the first time since the Great Blizzard of 1888 . At least 43 people died in New York City as
11978-535: Was a haven for Loyalist refugees and escaped slaves who joined the British lines for freedom promised by the Crown , with as many as 10,000 escaped slaves crowded into the city during the British occupation, the largest such community on the continent. When the British forces evacuated New York at the close of the war in 1783, they transported thousands of freedmen for resettlement in Nova Scotia , England, and
12091-539: Was a prime destination in the early 20th century for Blacks during the Great Migration from the American South, and by 1916, New York City had the largest urban African diaspora in North America. The Harlem Renaissance of literary and cultural life flourished during the era of Prohibition . The larger economic boom generated construction of skyscrapers competing in height. New York City became
12204-483: Was assigned the I-678 designation and renamed the Hutchinson River Expressway. Modifications in 1984 included the straightening of some curves, increased sight distances , removal of the rustic lightposts, and lengthening of acceleration and deceleration lanes. Originally, there was a 10 cent toll in Pelham between exits 7 and 8. The toll was increased to 25 cents in 1958 and removed on October 31, 1994, with
12317-491: Was completely removed c. 1962 . Originally, the parkway was built and designated all the way to the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge, but the original parkway designs did not allow for commercial traffic. When the bridge was designated I-678, the section between the Bruckner Interchange and the Bronx–Whitestone Bridge had to be converted to Interstate Highway standards . Once that was completed in 1972, that section
12430-483: Was designated as New York State Route 1X ( NY 1X ) from 1941 to 1946. NY 1A was subsequently realigned to follow the Hutch between Eastern Boulevard and US 1. The NY 1A designation was removed around 1962. The road is designated as NY 908A within the Bronx and is maintained by the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT). In Westchester County, the road
12543-415: Was purchased for $ 24 worth of glass beads. Following the purchase, New Amsterdam grew slowly. To attract settlers, the Dutch instituted the patroon system in 1628, whereby wealthy Dutchmen ( patroons , or patrons) who brought 50 colonists to New Netherland would be awarded land, local political autonomy, and rights to participate in the lucrative fur trade. This program had little success. Since 1621,
12656-417: Was the U.S. capital from 1785 until 1790. The modern city was formed by the 1898 consolidation of its five boroughs : Manhattan , Brooklyn , Queens , the Bronx , and Staten Island . Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District, Manhattan , New York City has been called both the world's premier financial and fintech center and the most economically powerful city in the world. As of 2022 ,
12769-577: Was underway as of May 2023. In 2010, the Hutchinson River Restoration Project, a nonprofit organization, began working on volunteer-led restoration efforts to help protect the river and its habitat. New York City New York , often called New York City or NYC , is the most populous city in the United States , located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors . The city comprises five boroughs , each coextensive with
#375624