Misplaced Pages

#488511

58-544: The Hutt Railway Workshops is a major railway engineering facility in the Lower Hutt suburb of Gracefield in the Wellington region of New Zealand's North Island. It is state-owned enterprise KiwiRail 's only workshops, and was opened in 1930. This facility is the central motive power maintenance operation and also maintains rolling stock . The Hutt Workshops were preceded by a workshops at Petone , adjacent to

116-715: A city. It incorporated Normandale in 1957. In 1987–1989 the New Zealand Government forced local authorities to consolidate, which led to Lower Hutt amalgamating with the adjacent Boroughs of Petone and Eastbourne and with the Wainuiomata District (which had its independence for barely a year), and to the abolition of the Hutt County Council. The area of Lower Hutt is covered by two general electorates ( Hutt South and Remutaka ) and by two Māori electorates ( Ikaroa-Rāwhiti in

174-399: A population density of 307 people per km . The city's population has remained stable from the 1990s to the 2013 census. In the five years between the 2013 and 2018 censuses, the population grew steadily across the city with an increasing amount of homes being purchased and the area seen as more affordable comparable to the rest of the region. Lower Hutt City had a population of 107,562 in

232-534: A population of 115,500. The total area administered by the council is 376.4 km (145 sq mi) around the lower half of the Hutt Valley and along the eastern shores of Wellington Harbour , of which 78.54 km (30 sq mi) is urban. It is separated from the city of Wellington by the harbour, and from Upper Hutt by the Taita Gorge. Lower Hutt is unique among New Zealand cities, as

290-417: A pressure of 40 pounds per square inch (280 kPa), and the water and oil tanks had capacities of 400 and 500 imperial gallons (1,800 and 2,300 L) respectively, so could steam for four hours before refilling. They were shut down or removed in 1950 due to "ongoing reliability problems"; air turbulence particularly in tunnels or when trains passed on double-track sections resulted in downdraughts affecting

348-533: A series of pipes throughout the buildings through which, with the aid of motor-driven fans, cool air from outside or warm air from steam boilers could be circulated. The first locomotives to be produced were "Prairie" type "C" shunting engines, of which 12 were built at the Hutt Workshops. They were supposed to replace many of the older types of steam locomotives that were still in service, but ended up hauling Wellington suburban passenger services. They were

406-631: Is also often simply called "the Hutt". Before European settlement, thick forest covered most of the Hutt Valley, with areas of marshland close to the river's mouth. Māori inhabited the shoreline, with a pā at each end of Petone beach. Māori welcomed the arrival of the New Zealand Company ship Tory in 1839, and William Wakefield (the company's agent) negotiated with some local chiefs to allow settlement. The first immigrant ship,

464-534: Is still visible, notably at Hutt Central School. On New Year's Day 1859 the first permanent lighthouse to be built in New Zealand was lit at Pencarrow Head. New Zealand's only female lighthouse keeper, Mary Jane Bennett , became the inaugural operator of the lighthouse. The railway line from central Wellington reached Lower Hutt station (subsequently Western Hutt ) in April 1874, with the line running north up

522-539: Is the largest user of the workshops, KiwiRail Infrastructure also has a presence on site. Occasionally, work is carried out at the workshops on behalf of other rail organisations, such as heritage rail groups, or suburban rail operators. For example, the workshops refurbished several KiwiRail EO class electric locomotives leased to the Greater Wellington Regional Council. These locomotives were used to haul consists of SE class carriages on

580-802: The 2018 census , and an increase of 9,213 people (9.5%) since the 2013 census . There were 52,563 males, 53,505 females and 465 people of other genders in 38,895 dwellings. 3.9% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 37.4 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 20,415 people (19.2%) aged under 15 years, 19,740 (18.5%) aged 15 to 29, 50,733 (47.6%) aged 30 to 64, and 15,642 (14.7%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 64.1% European ( Pākehā ); 19.7% Māori ; 12.3% Pasifika ; 18.7% Asian ; 2.1% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.0% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English

638-818: The 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 3,030 people (2.9%) since the 2018 census , and an increase of 9,324 people (9.5%) since the 2013 census . There were 53,082 males, 54,009 females and 468 people of other genders in 39,279 dwellings. 3.8% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 37.5 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 20,595 people (19.1%) aged under 15 years, 19,896 (18.5%) aged 15 to 29, 51,261 (47.7%) aged 30 to 64, and 15,807 (14.7%) aged 65 or older. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 64.3% European ( Pākehā ); 19.6% Māori ; 12.2% Pasifika ; 18.6% Asian ; 2.1% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.1% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English

SECTION 10

#1732776135489

696-708: The Aurora , arrived on 22 January 1840, an event still commemorated every year on the Monday closest as Wellington's Anniversary Day . A settlement, Britannia, grew up close to the mouth of the Hutt River ( Te Awa Kairangi in Māori language), and settlers set up New Zealand's first newspaper and bank. The city takes its name from the English name given to the river, named after one of the founding members, director and chairman of

754-590: The Hutt Industrial Line , which would also provide rail access to other industrial developments in the area. The plant was completed in 1929, with an official opening happening the following year. They were fitted out with then all new modern equipment, including some of the most modern and recent machines in the Petone Workshops, and capable of handling the building of new locomotives as well as other general overhaul and repair work. One of

812-735: The Hutt Workshops , and two at Addington Workshops for use on the Otira - Arthur's Pass section of the Midland Line . The first locomotive was shipped to New Zealand in January 1938. The first locomotive assembled at the Hutt Workshops was completed and undergoing trials in May 1939. By December 1939 the assembly of four locomotives at the Hutt Workshops had been completed, and they were expected to be operating to Paekakariki early in

870-646: The Māori language means "river of food from the sky". Lower Hutt occupies the lower regions of the flood plain of the river, one of the most significant features of the city. In the 20th century the Hutt River Board built stopbanks to contain the river, but the threat of flooding from heavy rainfall persists. In 1985 the river burst its banks, and since then floods have been on a smaller scale. Smaller streams and storm-water drains have also caused occasional problems when rainfall exceeds average levels. Much of

928-646: The Remutaka Range . Lower Hutt's boundaries also include the islands in Wellington Harbour, the largest of which is Matiu / Somes Island . Lower Hutt has a wet oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cfb ), which is similar to nearby Wellington, with relatively warm summers and mild winters with the occasional storm. A single major aquifer dominates the lower Hutt Valley: the river , originally named Heretaunga, and since 2010 known as "Te Awa Kairangi / Hutt River". Awakairangi in

986-604: The UIC classification system , and incorporated a quill drive (the only type of locomotive to do so in New Zealand) to the driving wheels. They were found to be hard on the tracks, leading to speed restrictions on these locomotives and their replacement by E class locomotives on the Johnsonville Line after the introduction of the E class in 1952. The E class was considered more suited to passenger services than

1044-620: The E and replaced them on most passenger services on other lines. Like all other electric locomotives in New Zealand, the leading letter of the locomotive's classification is E. There are two predominant theories about how the E class acquired the second letter, D. The first is that it comes from the "Do" of its 1-Do-2 wheel arrangement. The second is from its original allocation to two locations, Wellington and Otira - Arthur's Pass, hence "duplicated". Official records do not confirm either theory. New Zealand Railways purchased one E class locomotive in 1938 from English Electric, No. 101, for use on

1102-470: The Hutt River, in what is now Alicetown , formed the village then known as Aglionby. In 1846 conflict arose between European settlers and Māori , which led to armed conflict in the Hutt Valley Campaign . The 1855 Wairarapa earthquake (in the range of magnitude 8.1 to 8.3) raised part of the lower valley, allowing reclamation of land from swamp. The fault escarpment from the earthquake

1160-583: The Hutt Workshops site. For example, the former workshops administration building was relocated to Greytown in Wairarapa and renovated to become The White Swan Hotel and restaurant. The facility has experienced several changes in ownership. It was originally constructed, owned and operated by the government's Railways Department , later the Railways Corporation from 1982, and then New Zealand Rail Limited from 1991. In 1993 New Zealand Rail

1218-497: The Hutt Workshops. Following the acquisition of Toll's rail operations by the New Zealand Government , ownership of Hutt Workshops was transferred, along with Toll NZ's rail and ferry assets, to KiwiRail on 1 July 2008. United Group Rail remained the operator of the facility until its contract expired on 22 March 2009, when KiwiRail assumed full responsibility for the facility from the following day. Whilst KiwiRail

SECTION 20

#1732776135489

1276-540: The NZR Road Services garage in Rotorua). The Chief Mechanical Engineer then wanted eight locos to have boilers for the 1955 winter, but parts were not available for the obsolete boilers and "refurbishing did not proceed". It was also found that the boilers were unreliable as the burners had been amended to be outside the normal operating specifications. With the introduction of D class diesel locomotives on

1334-527: The New Zealand Company, Sir William Hutt . The dual name of Hutt River Te Awa Kairangi has been used since 2010. Within weeks of settlement the Hutt River flooded, and in March 1840 the majority of Britannia settlers decided to move to Thorndon , (as of 2013 in the heart of Wellington city), though some settlers remained at the north end of the harbour. In the 1840s an area on the west bank of

1392-552: The North Island the shops at Napier , Whangārei , and East Town , so far as locomotive work is concerned, might be closed down, the necessary repairs being carried out at Petone and Newmarket ." A later report from the Minister of Railways in 1928 read, in part: "It was found possible by extension to the existing buildings at Hillside and Addington to carry out improvements that would suffice for many years to come, but

1450-601: The Paekākāriki via Pukerua Bay to Wellington electrified section in 1967, eight of the class were withdrawn from service in 1969 and scrapped. The remaining two were kept in sporadic service until March 1981, when both locomotives were sold into preservation. There were plans to send them back to the Otira - Arthurs Pass section but nothing came of this. E 101 is preserved by the Silver Stream Railway , while E 103

1508-473: The Taitā Gorge at the northern end of Lower Hutt, separating the city from neighbouring Upper Hutt. Lower Hutt includes the cluster of small settlements that extend down the eastern coast of Wellington Harbour . These include the two large townships of Wainuiomata and Eastbourne . The city also includes a large area of sparsely-populated land to the east of the harbour, extending to Pencarrow Head and into

1566-635: The Wellington suburban rail network, a temporary measure before the arrival of new electric multiple units in 2010. Lower Hutt Lower Hutt ( Māori : Te Awa Kairangi ki Tai ) is a city in the Wellington Region of New Zealand. Administered by the Hutt City Council , it is one of the four cities that constitute the Wellington metropolitan area . If considered a city it is New Zealand's sixth most populous , with

1624-643: The algal blooms as the cause of death of a small number of dogs swimming in the river, as well as of skin reactions in the case of swimmers. Seven bridges cross the Hutt River within the city of Lower Hutt, with several other bridges built and replaced from the 1850s onwards. Tributaries of the Hutt River within Lower Hutt include: Here are listed the following suburbs of Lower Hutt City (unofficial suburbs are in italics ). Notes: Lower Hutt City covers 376.40 km (145.33 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 115,500 as of June 2024, with

1682-449: The biggest improvements from the point of view of the staff was the new ventilation system. At Petone, ventilation was a rather primitive affair, relying on windows and roof vents, as well as circular stoves placed at strategic locations around the buildings. This had replaced an earlier and even more basic system of steam pipes around the machines. At Hutt, a far more effective system was installed by Messrs. A. & T. Burt, which involved

1740-510: The boiler and in passenger discomfort in winter. In June 1951 the Deputy Mechanical Engineer said that the cost of fitting suitable boilers for the section from Paekākāriki to Wellington was not warranted as the carriages leaving Paekākāriki had residual heat, and a steam loco could pre-heat carriages before they left Wellington. In 1954-55 two boilers were installed in the Wellington station basement (and in 1958 one went to

1798-425: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 19,026 (22.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 41,766 (48.5%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 19,980 (23.2%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 47,800, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 12,957 people (15.0%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15

Hutt Workshops - Misplaced Pages Continue

1856-425: The census question. Of those at least 15 years old, 19,188 (22.1%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 42,231 (48.6%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 20,148 (23.2%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $ 47,800, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 13,125 people (15.1%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15

1914-640: The heat generated by rheostatic braking (although in Wellington air brakes were adequate). With the introduction of the Traffic Monitoring System (TMS) in 1979, the two remaining locomotives were renumbered ED15 and ED21. Each locomotive (E 101 to E 108; not E 109 and E 110) originally had oil-fired water-tube boilers for passenger carriage steam heaters, supplied by the Sentinel Waggon Works . The boiler could supply 1,250 pounds (570 kg) of steam per hour at

1972-720: The land adjacent to the river is protected as reserve by the City Council and managed by the Greater Wellington Regional Council to provide popular recreational areas. From the river mouth, walking and cycling trails and grassed areas occur at various points along both sides of the river up the Hutt Valley to Te Mārua , 28 km further north in Upper Hutt. With lower river-levels in mid-summer, algal blooms have contributed to making slow-flowing areas anoxic. The Regional Council has cited

2030-551: The last steam locomotives to work the Wellington yards or wharves before the introduction of diesel locomotives . After the C-class locomotives came the K class 4-8-4s , of which class leader K 900 became rather well known for its most public departure from the workshops in November 1932. The last steam locomotives to be produced at Hutt were Ka class locomotives 958 and 959 in 1950, though maintenance work on them continued into

2088-414: The main line between Lower Hutt and Petone. Two years later the railway workshops moved from Petone to a new larger site off the new branch at Woburn . In the late 1940s new suburbs of state housing developed along the eastern side of the Hutt Valley, from Waiwhetū to Taitā (then known as Taita), to alleviate nationwide housing shortages and to cater for the booming population . Between 1946 and 1954

2146-524: The mid-1960s. From the 1930s until the 1980s Hutt Workshops had responsibility for assembling then maintaining Wellington's fleet of electric locomotives. The first to enter service were the ED class in 1938, followed by the EW class in 1952. All were withdrawn from regular service by the mid-1980s. Various restructuring exercises in the late 1980s and 1990s resulted in the loss of several functions and buildings from

2204-489: The name of the council does not match the name of the city it governs. Special legislation has since 1991 given the council the name "Hutt City Council", while the name of the place itself remains "Lower Hutt City". This name has led to confusion, as Upper Hutt is administered by a separate city council, the Upper Hutt City Council. The entire Hutt Valley includes both Lower and Upper Hutt cities. Lower Hutt

2262-431: The new year. The changeover was done gradually, and by July 1940 19 of 20 suburban trains were electric loco-hauled. By September 1940 they were hauling most trains, releasing most of the K class locomotives at Wellington for use elsewhere. The two South Island locomotives were transferred north to Wellington in 1943. Their cast iron headstocks could not withstand the shock of shunting, and they could not dissapate

2320-502: The newly opened Tawa Flat deviation , which incorporated two long tunnels. This locomotive was known as " The Sergeant " because of the three longitudinal stripes on each side of the body that were unique to this locomotive. The tender required the supply of locomotive components for the other locomotives required, as it was thought desirable to carry out manufacture in New Zealand in NZR workshops. A further seven locomotives were assembled at

2378-531: The north and Te Tai Tonga in the south). The city centres on the lower southern valley of the Hutt River , to the northeast of the city of Wellington . The valley widens into a delta as the river nears its mouth, so the central urban area of the city forms a triangle with its longest side along the shoreline. In the upper reaches of the city the Western and Eastern Hutt Hills become closer, culminating in

Hutt Workshops - Misplaced Pages Continue

2436-415: The provision in the two main North Island shops was hopelessly inadequate, and consequently land had to be acquired at Lower Hutt and Otahuhu , and modern shops constructed thereon." The original intention was for Otahuhu to assume responsibility for locomotive works, and for Hutt to be the car and wagon workshop. This had to be reversed when it was discovered that the land on which Otahuhu had been built

2494-539: The railway line from Waterloo extended through these new suburbs to Haywards , becoming the main line in 1954 when the existing main line between Haywards and Melling closed. By the end of the 1950s, Lower Hutt had a population of 80,000. The Hutt City Council comprises a mayor and 12 councillors. Campbell Barry became New Zealand's youngest mayor and was first elected in 2019, succeeding Ray Wallace . The city's six electoral wards (Northern, Western, Central, Eastern, Harbour and Wainuiomata) each elect one councillor, with

2552-494: The railway station. It operated from 1876 when first used to store the H-class "Fell" locomotives until its replacement in 1929. In the 1920s, the problems caused by the inadequacy of some railway workshop facilities was becoming more acute. In order to examine the issue, a Royal Commission was established in 1924 consisting of English railwaymen Sir Sam Fay and Sir Vincent Raven . One recommendation of their report read: "In

2610-445: The remaining six councillors elected at-large. Mayor and councillors elected in the 2022 local-body elections: Neighbouring councils are Wellington City Council (adjoining to the west), Porirua City Council to the north, Upper Hutt City Council to the north-east and South Wairarapa District Council to the east. The boundaries of the Lower Hutt city local body have evolved from a series of amalgamations and boundary changes over

2668-739: The studios were eventually sold off in 2012 to a consortium of Wellington investors. Avalon continues to operate independently with seven film and television studios used as primarily as a feature film production base. A large proportion of Lower Hutt's residents commute to the mainly commercial, service and government offices in Wellington City 12 km to the south-west. The Civil Aviation Authority of New Zealand (CAA) has its headquarters in Aviation House in Petone , Lower Hutt. NZR ED class The NZR ED class locomotive

2726-564: The west side of the Hutt River to Silverstream opening two years later. Before the Second World War of 1939–1945, urban settlement in the lower Hutt Valley concentrated mainly on Petone , central Lower Hutt and Eastbourne, with a total population of 30,000. In 1927 the Public Works Department completed the construction of a branch railway line to Waterloo on the east side of the river; the route diverging from

2784-567: The world. Over the past 25 years service, distribution, and consumer-oriented sectors have increased. Lower Hutt remains the main location for light industrial activity in the Wellington Region. Until post-war housing development took over, the central and northern areas of the city were largely market gardens. In 2010 the lower reaches of the Waiwhetū Stream was cleaned up to remove toxins from decades of industry use. The channel

2842-561: The years. The Hutt County Council , established in 1877, covered the region from Wellington's south coast up to Waikanae , excluding the Wellington City Council area. As the region grew, urban parts of the Hutt County became autonomous boroughs: Petone in 1888, Lower Hutt in 1891, Eastbourne in 1906, Johnsonville in 1908, Upper Hutt in 1908, Porirua in 1962 and Kapiti in 1974. In 1941 Lower Hutt became

2900-514: Was a type of electric locomotive used in Wellington , New Zealand . They were built by English Electric and the New Zealand Railways Department (NZR) between 1938 and 1940, and hauled mainly passenger trains on the Wellington region's 1500 V DC electrification , and banked freight trains on the steep section between Paekākāriki and Pukerua Bay . The locomotives featured a unique wheel arrangement, 1-Do-2 under

2958-681: Was also widened to better protect against floods and native plantings and management has seen native waterlife and birds return to their habitat. Petone's Jackson Street and neighbouring areas have seen a resurgence in to one of Wellington's most popular retail and hospitality area. Lower Hutt has one of the greatest proportion of science, technology and high value manufacturing businesses in New Zealand. Crown research institute GNS Science and New Zealand's innovation centre and business accelerator Callaghan Innovation are based in Lower Hutt, along with over 800 research organisations in high-end manufacturing, research and technology. The suburb of Avalon

SECTION 50

#1732776135489

3016-507: Was home to New Zealand's television industry from 1975 until the late 1980s. The Avalon film and television studios were New Zealand's first purpose-built television studios, and is the largest television studio complex in Australasia. The studios were home to Television One from 1975 to 1980, when it merged with South Pacific Television to form Television New Zealand (TVNZ). After 1989 most of TVNZ's operations moved to Auckland, and

3074-526: Was not suitable for the heavy machinery required to work on the locomotives. After the passing of the Hutt Valley Lands Settlement Act in 1925, 253 hectares (625 acres) of land was purchased for development, of which 12 ha (29 acres) was for the railway, 32 ha (80 acres) for the workshops, 55 ha (135 acres) for roads and other amenities, and 177 ha (438 acres) for housing. The new workshops were to be served by

3132-544: Was privatised, and renamed Tranz Rail in 1995, before itself being bought out by Toll New Zealand in 2003, which was then re-nationalised as KiwiRail in 2008. On 1 April 2002, Alstom took over the operation of the Hutt Workshops on a seven-year contract to maintain Tranz Rail's fleet of locomotives. Three years later, United Group announced on 16 September 2005 that it had completed the acquisition of Alstom's transport operations in New Zealand and Australia, including

3190-557: Was spoken by 95.1%, Māori language by 5.1%, Samoan by 4.2% and other languages by 17.8%. No language could be spoken by 2.3% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.6%. The percentage of people born overseas was 27.6, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 33.9% Christian , 4.5% Hindu , 1.4% Islam , 1.1% Māori religious beliefs , 1.3% Buddhist , 0.4% New Age , 0.1% Jewish , and 1.8% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 49.6%, and 6.1% of people did not answer

3248-557: Was spoken by 95.1%, Māori language by 5.1%, Samoan by 4.3% and other languages by 17.9%. No language could be spoken by 2.3% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language was known by 0.6%. The percentage of people born overseas was 27.7, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 34.0% Christian , 4.5% Hindu , 1.4% Islam , 1.1% Māori religious beliefs , 1.3% Buddhist , 0.4% New Age , 0.1% Jewish , and 1.8% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 49.4%, and 6.1% of people did not answer

3306-514: Was that 47,736 (55.4%) people were employed full-time, 10,263 (11.9%) were part-time, and 2,679 (3.1%) were unemployed. Historically, Petone, Seaview and Gracefield have been the main area for industry in the Wellington region, with industries including meat processing and freezing, motor vehicle assembly, and timber processing. As business have taken advantage of global manufacturing efficiencies, much of this large scale industry has changed to smaller design-led and medium-sized industries exporting to

3364-422: Was that 48,201 (55.4%) people were employed full-time, 10,395 (12.0%) were part-time, and 2,694 (3.1%) were unemployed. Lower Hutt's urban area covers 78.54 km (30.32 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 114,500 as of June 2024, with a population density of 1,458 people per km . Lower Hutt had a population of 106,530 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 2,985 people (2.9%) since

#488511