Huwala ( Arabic : الهولة , sing. Huwali هولي) also collectively referred to as Bani Huwala , is a blanket term usually used to refer to Iranian Arabs of tribal lineage who initially migrated to Iran in the 13th and 14th century and intermixed with the indigenous population of older Arabic-speaking background. Such migrations continued till around 19th century to the area which is now Iran 's Hormozgan Province and Fars Province , mainly Bandar Abbas , Qishm , and the mainland near Bandar Lengeh . The Huwala follows Sunni Islam , as opposed the majority Persian Twelver Shia and similar to Sunni Peninsular Arabs. Most of the Huwala have remigrated back to the Arabian Peninsula between late 19th century and early 20th century. The imposition of restrictive economic policies by Reza Shah in the 1930s led to the migration of most of the Huwala back to the Arabian Peninsula.
26-555: The term "Huwala" does not refer to Sunni Larestani Achomi families such as Awadhi , Kandari , Janahi, Khaloori, Zarooni, and Bastaki. It specifically refers to the actual Arab Huwalas (Arab El-Sahel), which encompasses the Qawasem, Hammadi, Al Nasur/Nassour, Obaidli, and Bani Tamim tribes. The original Huwalas are commonly referred to as Arab el-Sahel el-Shargi ( Arabic : عرب الساحل الشرقي ), or simply Arab Faris ( Arabic : عرب فارس ), but some of them prefer not to be called Huwalas as
52-506: A "definitely endangered" language with approximately 1,180,000 speakers. It also does not have official language status in Iran. This is because Iran only recognizes standard Persian as an official language. However, Iran allows the use of minority languages, such as Achomi, in the media and the education system (alongside Persian). Nevertheless, Achomi remains an endangered language with many dialectal differences gradually disappearing because of
78-486: A single tribe, but rather they descend from a union of several specific Arab tribes. We must focus here on the word “specific,” as the tribes belonging to the "Huwala Arabs" are the following tribes: The people of Bastak , Khonj , and Awad ( Persian : عوض , romanized : Evaz ) in Iran are surprised by the claim of their Arab lineage and completely reject it. As the saying goes, "The people of Mecca know its pathways best," so why do some insist on claiming
104-570: Is a similar issue in Kuwait. Likewise some sources intentionally (or unintentionally) list non-Arab families are "Huwala Arabs." Larestani Achomi ( Persian : اچُمی ), also known as Khodmooni and Larestani, is a Persian and Southwestern Iranian language spoken by people in southern Fars and western Hormozgan and by significant numbers of Ajam citizens in the UAE , Bahrain , Kuwait , and other neighbouring countries. It
130-512: Is a city in the Central District of Bandar Lengeh County , Hormozgan province, Iran . At the time of the 2006 National Census, the city's population was 14,881 in 2,908 households. The following census in 2011 counted 16,496 people in 4,009 households. The 2016 census measured the population of the city as 19,213 people in 4,921 households. [REDACTED] Iran portal This Bandar Lengeh County location article
156-626: Is considered a descendant of the Sassanid Persian language or Middle Persian . There are different ways to refer to this language. Achomi language and its various local dialects such as Lari, Evazi, Khonji, Gerashi, Bastaki, etc... and is a branch of the Middle Persian ( Pahlavi ) language of the Sassanid Empire. Today, the language is known as an endangered language. In particular, UNESCO refers to it as
182-648: Is known about the Arab migrants who settled on the Iranian coast between Bushehr and Lengeh in the late 1500s. They were a disparate group of small tribes of sailors, traders, fishermen, pearl divers, and cultivators. Although they were all referred to as the Bani Hula, they were not a uniform group. In fact, they were each other's fiercest competitors for access to the pearl banks. Author Lawrence G. Potter defines Huwala as ..Groups of Sunni Arabs that migrated from Oman and
208-578: Is the predominant language of Gerash , Larestan , Lamerd , Khonj , and Evaz counties in Fars and Bastak County and Ruydar in Hormozgan Province. Moreover, many cities, towns, and villages in Iran have their own particular dialect, such as Larestan , Khonj , Gerash , Evaz , Ashkanan, Bastak , Lar , and Banaruiyeh . The majority of Achomi speakers are Sunni Muslims , with a minority being Shia Muslims . The Achomi language
234-405: Is the root verb. So: To create a simple present or continued present tense of a transitive verb, here's another example: Bushehri : هاسی میگه... , romanized : hasey migah Tehrani / Iranian : داریم میگیم , romanized : darim mi gim Bushehri : هاسی/هاسیم میگیم... , romanized : hasey\hasim migim Kong, Iran Kong ( Persian : كنگ )
260-787: Is very little evidence to support the claim that it means "to change over." It appears that the Huwala was a tribal confederation formed in Coastal Oman, similar to the Al-Utub cofederation, who were at times their arch rivals. However, it appears that the term was abandoned shortly thereafter, which explains its disappearance in the oral tradition of the Huwalas themselves. A book by Dejanirah Couto and Rui Loureiro into Portuguese interactions in Hormuz defines Huwala as "migrant Arabs". Little
286-720: The "Arabness" of these regions? Many Achomi sunni families changed their names (especially in Bahrain), having added Arabic "Al-" (ال) to their names, whilst others completely changed their names. Based on a study in 2013, the researcher noted: the linguistic and religious situation of Sunni Persians in Bahrain is thorny and sometimes it is intentionally confused between "Hole\Hawala Arabs" and "Sunni Persians". The same study also claims that Sunni Achomis did not face any systematic racism. In Achomi/Laristani blogs they claim they changed their names to either avoid racism or easily blend in. There
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#1732765986151312-895: The Iranian Zand dynasty acknowledged a fait accompli and recognized a Qasimi as local ruler (farmandar) of Bandar Lengeh. At about the same time the Zands allowed the British East India Company to establish its residency and presence in Bushehr . The Qasimis remained in control of Bandar Lengeh and surrounding region until 1887, when they were defeated by the British in their self proclaimed “anti-piracy” campaign which Emirati based scholars (including current Sharjah ruler Sultan bin Muhammad Al-Qasimi ) argue
338-600: The Pahlavi language. This means that it shares the ergative structure of Pahlavi. It is also an analytical language. This can be linked back to its membership in the southwestern branch of Middle-Iranian languages. Except for the regional accent, pronunciation of certain words, and a slight variation in grammar, this old language has been the common language of the Southwestern Pars Province and parts of Hormozgan Province for nearly 1,800 years despite
364-541: The Sassanians, such as the Bani Tamim tribe. Some families of non-Arab origins have adopted the surnames of Arabian Huwala tribes. For example, they are often Hammadi and Marzooqi only in name. Huwala (Arabic: الهولة), is a plural Arabic term for Huwali (Arabic: هولي). The meaning of the word remains unclear, and many Gulf historians continue to debate its origins and significance. Contrary to popular belief, there
390-485: The Saudi historian Jalal Al-Haroon, there are two types of Huwalas: Zur is a reasonably large town which is fortifies in the local manner and which has some pieces of artillery. it is inhabited by a tribe of Huwala called Qawasim these have been in earlier times subject to the imam of muscat but they do not recognise his authority any more Historical sources tell us that the "Al-Hawla Arabs" do not descend from
416-459: The domination of Iranian Farsi . Many Iranians moved to GCC States in order to pursue better economic opportunities. This included Achomis. These Achomis are often multilingual. Achomi migrants still speak this language in their homes, however, this variety has been influenced by the Arabic language a little but is mutually intelligible with standard Persian. The language is a branch of
442-669: The eastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula to the Iranian side the Gulf, between Bushehr and Bandar Abbas, probably starting in the eighteenth century. They eventually returned to the Arab side, especially after the discovery of oil and the imposition of restrictive economic policies by Reza Shah in the 1930s In the 18th century, the Arab Al Qasimi tribal affiliation, once a major maritime power, took control of southern Iranian coasts and islands around Bandar Lengeh . In 1779
468-711: The first type. Example: Sorani : گوتم , romanized : got am Sorani : ئەو سەرکەوت , romanized : iew serkewt Sorani : تون خوارن , romanized : to xwardnt xward Tehrani / Iranian : شما خوردین , romanized : shoma khorden The root of the past simple second type + ids (em / esh / ruleless / am / ee / en) Example: Tehrani / Iranian : رفتَم , romanized : raftam Bushehri : رفتُم , romanized : raftom Tehrani / Iranian : رفتین , romanized : rafteen Tehrani / Iranian : رفتن , romanized : raftan And... To create an ergative verb in past tense we can use
494-524: The forced unveiling of women led to many of the Achomis to follow the Qasimis back to the Arabian Peninsula, further mixing the Huwala's Arabic and Persian roots. Contemporary historians of that period, such as Niebuhr , Lorimer, David Seton, and others, did not neglect to record for us a huge number of political and social events in the Gulf during the period preceding the period of the recent migration of
520-479: The inhabitants of the southern Iranian region to the Gulf states during the reign of Shah Reza Pahlavi at the beginning of the twentieth century AD. We find in these historians a clear description of the identity of the true Huwala Arabs according to geographical and social standards. These historians agree geographically that the Huwala Arabs live in a specific geographical area starting from Bandar Kanj in
546-625: The south and reaching Bandar Kangan in the north, and from the coast of the Arabian Gulf in the west to the region of the (Shibkoh) mountains in the east. This geographical area is called the Shibkoh (شيبكوه) region, meaning the sloping mountain, and there are no Huwala Arabs according to this description in the regions outside this region, such as the Bandar Abbas , Bastak , Bushehr , Falamarz , Ahvaz or Abdan regions. According to
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#1732765986151572-881: The speaker is from Evaz , they are referred as speaking Evazi, and if they are from Bastak their dialect is known as Bastaki. An example of a dialectal variation: in some particular regions, Achomi people say raftom for "I went" (very similar to the Persian raftam ), but in some other regions, just as Lar people, they say chedem ( Kurdish : dichim or dechim) instead. Fedagh: بژبن Bandari/Langi: بنگلی Lari: میل/میلی Herang: ببو Burdestan: سوکی Jenah: هَندَرَه Fedagh: اُندُرُ Evaz: هِدره Ashkana/Kemashk: اَندِره Ehal: هُزرَه Other: شمسیل، اُندِرو، اُندِره مُ , mo Bushehri : مو , romanized : mo Tehrani / Iranian : اینا , romanized : ena To make simple past verbs The ids (om / ot / osh / mo / to / sho) + The simple past root of
598-504: The term is used for Achomis in the Gulf. On the other hand, Achomis sometimes choose to identify themselves as Huwalas due to societal pressure to assimilate. Although Huwalas and Achomis have lived in close proximity to each other in Southern Iran, they are genetically dissimilar. Huwalas are relatively recent inhabitants of Southern Iran migrating from Arabia over the past five centuries. However, some have been residing there since
624-403: The various conquests of the region since the fall of the Sassanid Empire. Achomi has many dialects. These dialects correspond to Larestan's different towns. Examples of these dialects include Lari, Evazi, Gerashi, Khonji and Bastaki. These dialectical variations may present themselves through pronunciation. There may also be grammatical and word differences between the dialects. Hence, if
650-488: The verb root plus its proper prefix. For example, in Achomi, the root for the verb "to tell" is " got" ( gota equals "tell"). Tehrani / Iranian : تو گفتی , romanized : to gofti Tehrani / Iranian : شما گفتید , romanized : shoma gofteen Tehrani / Iranian : گفتن/اینا گفتن , romanized : goftan/ena goftan Another example: "deda" means "see," and "dee" Kurdish (Deed or dee)
676-489: Was a myth used to dominate trade routes to India and Iraq. The Qasimis retreated to the southern coast of the Gulf, and their Iranian domains reverted to nominal rule by Tehran. The Achomi (Larestani) Iranian population lived on the coast alongside the Qasimis. They prospered under Al Qasimi rule as merchants in pearl trading. Author John W. Limbert argues that in response to Reza Shah Pahlavi's policies of centralization, conscription, civil status reforms, and, most important,
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