Carl Leavitt Hubbs (October 19, 1894 – June 30, 1979) was an American ichthyologist .
65-758: Hubbs is a surname. It may refer to the following notable people: Carl Leavitt Hubbs (1894–1979), American ichthyologist Clark Hubbs (1921-2008), American ichthyologist and son of Carl Leavitt Hubbs Dan Hubbs (born 1971), American college baseball coach Irving Hubbs (1870–1952), American lawyer and politician John Hubbs (1874–1952), Canadian politician Ken Hubbs (1941–1964), American baseball player Orlando Hubbs (1840–1930), American politician Robert Hubbs III (born 1985), American basketball player See also [ edit ] Coahuilix de hubbs snail Hubbs' beaked whale Hubbs House [REDACTED] Surname list This page lists people with
130-490: A shrine to the cat goddess Bastet , and dioramas showing the afterlife preparation process for the dead. In 2024 the museum performed CT scans on 26 of their mummies. The Ancient Americas displays 13,000 years of human ingenuity and achievement in the Western Hemisphere, where hundreds of diverse societies thrived long before the arrival of Europeans. In this large permanent exhibition visitors can learn
195-569: A field trip of the Stanford Natural History Club. The couple worked there and had three children who survived to adulthood, Frances (born in 1919), Clark born in 1921 and Earl born in 1922. Frances, who married the ichthyologist Robert Rush Miller , and Clark both became ichthyologists, while Earl became a high school biology teacher. He died June 30, 1979, in La Jolla, California . Hubbs SeaWorld Research Institute
260-487: A glimpse into what life was like for ancient Egyptians . Twenty-three human mummies are on display as well as many mummified animals. The exhibit features a three-story replica (featuring two authentic rooms with 5,000-year-old hieroglyphs ) of the mastaba tomb of Unas-Ankh , the son of Unas (the last pharaoh of the Fifth Dynasty ). Also displayed are an ancient marketplace showing artifacts of everyday life,
325-911: A gold medal of the San Diego Natural History Society . Hubbs was a member of several of learned societies , participating in the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists , the Wildlife Society of San Diego Natural History Society, and the National Academy of Sciences of the Linnean Society of London . He received numerous awards from the Academy of Natural Sciences and the California Academy of Sciences . He
390-507: A large collection of diamonds and gems from around the world, and also includes a Louis Comfort Tiffany stained glass window. The Hall of Jades focuses on Chinese jade artifacts spanning 8,000 years. The Robert A. Pritzker Center for Meteoritics and Polar Studies contains a large collection of fossil meteorites . The Underground Adventure gives visitors a bug's-eye look at the world beneath their feet. Visitors can see what insects and soil look like from that size, while learning about
455-403: A major research resource for the national and international scientific community , supporting extensive research that tracks environmental changes , benefits homeland security , public health and safety , and serves taxonomy and systematics research . Many of Field Museum's collections rank among the top ten collections in the world, e.g., the bird skin collection ranks fourth worldwide;
520-626: A merchant named Marshall Field to fund the establishment of a museum. Originally titled the Columbian Museum of Chicago in honor of its origins, the Field Museum was incorporated by the State of Illinois on September 16, 1893, for the purpose of the "accumulation and dissemination of knowledge, and the preservation and exhibition of artifacts illustrating art, archaeology, science and history". The Columbian Museum of Chicago occupied
585-551: A modern Tahitian market. The final portion of the exhibit is dedicated to the ceremonial arts of the Pacific peoples. The majority of the collection was gathered by curator Albert Buell Lewis . Building upon Lewis' desire to portray cultures as living and participative, the exhibit was intentionally designed to demonstrate how the Pacific Islands interact with the contemporary world. The Grainger Hall of Gems consists of
650-534: A private school in Redondo Beach, California . His maternal grandmother Jane Goble Goss , one of the first female doctors, showed Hubbs how to harvest shellfish and other sea creatures. One of his teachers, impressed by Hubbs's abilities in science, recommended that he study chemistry at the University of Berkeley . The family moved once more to Los Angeles . In Los Angeles, George Bliss Culver , one of
715-489: A record for the fossilized remains of a T. rex until Trix was found in 2013. In December 2018 after revisions of the skeletal assembly were made to reflect new concepts of Sue's structure, display of the skeleton was moved into a new suite in The Griffin Halls of Evolving Planet . Professionally managed and maintained specimen and artifact collections, such as those at the Field Museum of Natural History, are
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#1732797417333780-658: A significant portion of the "Farming Villagers" display. The Empire Builders display includes Aztec and Incan artifacts gathered in the 19th century. The Ancient Americas exhibit transitions to the Alsdorf Hall of Northwest Coast and Arctic Peoples and eventually the Native Truths: Our Voices, Our Stories exhibit. This emphasizes the thematic unity of the Field Museum's American collections. Cultural exhibitions include sections on Tibet and China , where visitors can view traditional clothing. There
845-418: A small fraction of the specimens and artifacts are publicly displayed. The vast majority of specimens and artifacts are used by a wide range of people in the museum and around the world. Field Museum curatorial faculty and their graduate students and postdoctoral trainees use the collections in their research and in training e.g., in formal high school and undergraduate training programs. Researchers from all over
910-515: A variety of geographical areas including the Sahara and East African rift valley. The final section is dedicated to the African diaspora with a particular focus on the impact of the slave trade on the continent. The Africa permanent exhibit owes most of its collection to the efforts of Wilfred D. Hambly. This extensive permanent exhibition covers two culture areas that were vitally important to
975-531: Is F and it is used when citing housed specimens. Targeted collecting in the US and abroad for research programs of the curatorial and collection staff continuously add high quality specimen material and artifacts; e.g., Dr. Robert Inger 's collection of frogs from Borneo as part of his research into the ecology and biodiversity of the Indonesian fauna . Collecting of specimens and acquisition of artifacts
1040-550: Is a research library containing over 2,000 herpetological books and an extensive reprint collection. The Field Museum's Double Elephant folio of Audubon's The Birds of America is one of only two known copies that were arranged in taxonomic order. Additionally, it contains all 13 composite plates. The Field's copy belonged to Audubon's family physician Dr. Benjamin Phillips. The Field Museum offers opportunities for informal and more structured public learning. Exhibitions remain
1105-484: Is a result of a changing attitude towards Native Americans that emphasized Native peoples instead of Native artifacts. This exhibit is dedicated to the natural and cultural history of the Pacific Islands and is organized into five different sections: the natural history of the islands, the cultural origins of Pacific Islanders, a canoe display, an ethnographic collection showcasing New Guinea's Huon Gulf , and
1170-499: Is also an exhibit on life in Africa , where visitors can learn about the many different cultures on the continent, and an exhibit where visitors may "visit" several Pacific Islands . The museum houses an authentic 19th-century Māori Meeting House , Ruatepupuke II, from Tokomaru Bay , New Zealand . Additionally, the Field Museum's Northwest Coast Collections showcase the early work of Franz Boas and Frederic Ward Putnam 's work with
1235-571: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles Carl Leavitt Hubbs He was born in Williams, Arizona . He was the son of Charles Leavitt and Elizabeth (née Goss) Hubbs. His father had a wide variety of jobs (farmer, iron mine owner, newspaper owner). The family moved several times before settling in San Diego where he got his first taste of natural history . After his parents divorced in 1907, he lived with his mother, who opened
1300-460: Is named in honor of its first major benefactor , Marshall Field , the department-store magnate . The museum and its collections originated from the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition and the artifacts displayed at the fair. The museum maintains a temporary exhibition program of traveling shows as well as in-house produced topical exhibitions. The professional staff maintains collections of over 24 million specimens and objects that provide
1365-462: Is nowadays subject to clearly spelled-out policies and standards, with the goal to acquire only materials and specimens for which the provenance can be established unambiguously. All collecting of biological specimens is subject to proper collecting and export permits ; frequently, specimens are returned to their country of origin after study. Field Museum stands among the leading institutions developing such ethics standards and policies; Field Museum
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#17327974173331430-447: Is one of the largest such museums in the world. The museum is popular for the size and quality of its educational and scientific programs, and its extensive scientific specimen and artifact collections. The permanent exhibitions, which attract up to 2 million visitors annually, include fossils , current cultures from around the world, and interactive programming demonstrating today's urgent conservation needs. The museum
1495-704: Is widely acknowledged, enabling analyses of distribution shifts due to climate changes, land use changes and others. During the World's Columbian Exposition, all acquired specimens and objects were on display; the purpose of the World's Fair was exhibition of these materials. For example, just after opening of the Columbian Museum of Chicago, the mollusk collection occupied one entire exhibit hall, displaying 3,000 species of mollusks on about 1,260 square feet (117 m ). By 1910, 20,000 shell specimens were on display, with an additional 15,000 "in storage". Only
1560-663: The Kwakwakaʼwakw (Kwakiutl) people in the Alsdorf Hall of Northwest Coast and Arctic Peoples. Finally, the Native Truths: Our Voices, Our Stories permanent exhibition displays the Field Museum's current collaborative efforts with the indigenous people of North America. The Africa cultural hall opened at the Field Museum in November 1993. It offers 14 different displays that are primarily ethnographic in nature. Several African countries are exhibited as well as
1625-679: The Smithsonian Institution in Washington, DC. The museum has maintained its reputation through continuous growth, expanding the scope of collections and its scientific research output, in addition to its award-winning exhibitions, outreach publications, and programs. The Field Museum is part of Chicago's lakefront Museum Campus that includes the John G. Shedd Aquarium and the Adler Planetarium . In 2015, it
1690-573: The YouTube channel The Brain Scoop , hiring its host Emily Graslie full-time as 'Chief Curiosity Correspondent'. The Museum's curatorial and scientific staff in the departments of Anthropology, Botany, Geology, and Zoology conducts basic research in systematic biology and anthropology, besides its responsibility for collections management, and educational programs. It has long maintained close links, including joint teaching, students, seminars, with
1755-646: The man-eating lions of Tsavo . The Mfuwe man eating lion is also on display. Evolving Planet follows the evolution of life on Earth over 4 billion years. The exhibit showcases fossils of single-celled organisms , Permian synapsids , dinosaurs , extinct mammals , and early hominids . The Field Museum's non-mammalian synapsid collection consists of over 1100 catalogued specimens, including 46 holotypes. The collection of basal synapsids includes 29 holotypes of caseid , ophiacodontid , edaphosaurid , varanopid , and sphenacodontid species – approximately 88% of catalogued specimens. Inside Ancient Egypt offers
1820-407: The surname Hubbs . If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name (s) to the link. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hubbs&oldid=1213758444 " Category : Surnames Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
1885-520: The Ancient Americas. Throughout the exhibit, collections are displayed in a way that emphasizes the cultural context of the artifacts. The six displays draw from the Field Museum's massive North America collection. Significant collections utilized by the exhibit include pre-Columbian artifacts gathered by Mayanists Edward H. Thompson and John E. S. Thompson. Additionally, former curator Paul Sidney Martin's American Southwest collection makes up
1950-465: The Field Museum's curator of North American archaeology and ethnology James VanStone. The Cyrus Tang Hall of China opened as a permanent exhibition in 2015. The hall consists of five sections: Diverse Landscapes, Ritual and Power, Shifting Power, Beliefs and Practices, and Crossing Boundaries. The first three sections are organized chronologically while the final two sections are organized by theme. Three hundred and fifty objects are displayed throughout
2015-588: The University of California San Diego in La Jolla, where he replaced Francis Bertody Sumner . From 1969 to 1979 he served as professor emeritus. He accepted the post for the new research opportunities it opened. Still, the position offered a lower salary and the rules prevented him from hiring his wife. The restrictions of World War II forced the Scripps Institution to rent his research boat to
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2080-689: The advancement of analytic techniques, new data can be gleaned from specimens that may have been collected more than 150 years ago. The library at the Field Museum was organized in 1893 for the museum's scientific staff, visiting researchers, students, and members of the general public as a resource for research, exhibition development and educational programs. The 275,000 volumes of the Main Research Collections concentrate on biological systematics, environmental and evolutionary biology, anthropology, botany, geology, archaeology, museology and related subjects. The Field Museum Library includes
2145-647: The areas of anthropology, botany, geology and zoology and documents the history and architecture of the museum, its exhibitions, staff and scientific expeditions. In 2008 two collections from the Photo Archives became available via the Illinois Digital Archives (IDA): The World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 and Urban Landscapes of Illinois. In April 2009, the Photo Archives became part of Flickr Commons . The Karl P. Schmidt Memorial Herpetological Library, named for Karl Patterson Schmidt
2210-528: The army, significantly restricting his research opportunities. During the summer of 1946, Errol Flynn , son of a marine biologist , offered Hubbs to accompany him during a cruise aboard his yacht, the Zaca . The results weren't great but Hubbs discovered high levels of endemism of species of Guadeloupe. In the years following the war, Hubbs began doing research in the field of commercial and recreational fishing. He observed changes in population patterns depending on
2275-461: The basis for the museum's scientific-research programs. These collections include the full range of existing biodiversity , gems , meteorites , fossils , and extensive anthropological collections and cultural artifacts from around the globe. The museum's library, which contains over 275,000 books, journals, and photo archives focused on biological systematics, evolutionary biology, geology, archaeology, ethnology and material culture, supports
2340-415: The biodiversity of soil and the importance of healthy soil. On May 17, 2000, the Field Museum unveiled Sue , the largest T. rex specimen discovered at the time. Sue has a length of 40.5 feet (12.3 m), stands 13 feet (4.0 m) tall at the hips, and has been estimated at 8.4–14 metric tons (9.26–15.4 short tons ) as of 2018. The specimen is estimated to be 67 million years old. The fossil
2405-548: The diverse inventory of regional fauna, mortality, water pollution, growth and predation. During his stay at the University of Michigan, Hubbs issued more than 300 publications, almost entirely devoted to fish. His studies were not confined to the United States because he also studied a large collection of fish from Japan. From 1944 to 1969, Hubbs taught biology at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at
2470-555: The early work of the Field Museum—the Arctic and Pacific Northwest . The Pacific Northwest collection is more extensive, but both collections are organized into four categories: subsistence, village and society, the spiritual world, and art. Major displays include a variety of dioramas and a large collection of totem poles . The current permanent exhibition has its origins in the Maritime Peoples hall created by
2535-537: The enrichment of the museum's collection. In 1929, he participated in an academic trip to Java where he collected five tons of specimens. Hubbs began to study hybridization among different species of fish. In addition to his position as conservator, Hubbs was the first director of the Institute for Fisheries Research in the Department of Conservation of Michigan (1930–1935). In this role, he conducted research on
2600-486: The epic story of the peopling of these continents, from the Arctic to the tip of South America. The exhibit consists of six displays: Ice Age Hunters, Innovative Hunters and Gatherers, Farming Villagers, Powerful Leaders, Rulers and Citizens, and Empire Builders. Visitors are encouraged to begin with Ice Age Hunters and conclude with Empire Builders. In this way, visitors can understand the cultural and economic progression of
2665-537: The existing holdings. Despite the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act in 1990, the Field Museum is estimated to hold more than 1000 Native American remains that have not been repatriated. Collection management requires meticulous record keeping . Handwritten ledgers captured specimen and artifact data in the past. Field Museum was an early adopter of computerization of collection data beginning in
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2730-417: The first natural-looking mammal and bird specimens for exhibition as well as for study. Field Museum curators developed standards and best practices for the care of collections. Conservators at the Field Museum have made notable contributions to conservation science with methods of preservation of artifacts including the use of pheromone trapping for control of webbing clothes moths . The Field Museum
2795-513: The five galleries. These artifacts are a sample chosen from the Field Museum's significant China collection. This collection was gathered by the sinologist Berthold Laufer . Native Truths: Our Voices, Our Stories opened as a permanent exhibition in 2021. This exhibit is an extensive renovation of the former Native American Hall at the Field Museum. Native Truths utilizes about 400 artifacts to interpret Native American culture and history while also addressing modern-day challenges. The exhibition
2860-524: The fluctuation in temperatures in the Pacific Ocean. He began studies of ancient climates through such tools as dating mollusk shells. His research led to the founding of a laboratory in 1957 to provide dating for archaeological and geological samples. He bequeathed his collection to San Diego's Archaeological Museum of Man in 1973. Hubbs was married to mathematician Laura Cornelia Clark Hubbs , sister of ichthyologist Frances Naomi Clark . They met on
2925-638: The following collections: This private collection of Edward E. Ayer , the first president of the museum, contains virtually all the important works in the history of ornithology and is especially rich in color-illustrated works. The working collection of Dr. Berthold Laufer , America's first sinologist and Curator of Anthropology until his death in 1934, consists of about 7,000 volumes in Chinese , Japanese , Tibetan , and numerous Western languages on anthropology, archaeology , religion, science, and travel. The photo archives contain over 250,000 images in
2990-480: The late 1970s. Field Museum contributes its digitized collection data to a variety of online groups and platforms, such as: HerpNet , VertNet and Antweb , Global Biodiversity Information Facility (also known as GBif), and others. All Field Museum collection databases are unified and currently maintained in KE EMu software system. The research value of digitized specimen data and georeferenced locality data
3055-419: The many volunteers of David Starr Jordan , encouraged Hubbs to abandon his study of birds and instead to study fish, particularly those fish that inhabited the rivers of Los Angeles, which at that time had not been well researched. Hubbs completed his studies at Stanford University , following particularly the ichthyologist Charles Henry Gilbert , a disciple of Jordan. Gilbert became Hubbs's mentor and gave him
3120-790: The mollusk collection is among the five largest in North America; the fish collection is ranked among the largest in the world. The scientific collections of the Field Museum originate from the specimens and artifacts assembled between 1891 and 1893 for the World Columbian Exposition. Already at its founding, the Field Museum had a large anthropological collection. A large number of the early natural history specimens were purchased from Ward's Natural History Establishment in Rochester, New York . An extensive acquisition program, including large expeditions conducted by
3185-459: The museum acquired the largest collection of birds and bird descriptions, from artist, and ornithologist Daniel Giraud Elliot . In 1894, Elliot would become the curator of the Department of Zoology at the museum, where he worked until 1906. In order to house, for future generations, the exhibits and collections assembled including those for the World's Columbian Exposition , Edward Ayer convinced
3250-781: The museum by collectors and donors , such as the Boone collection of over 3,500 East Asian artifacts, consisting of books, prints and various objects. In addition, "orphaned collections" were and are taken in from other institutions such as universities that change their academic programs away from collections-based research. For example, already beginning in 1907, Field Museum accepted substantial botanical specimen collections from universities such as University of Chicago , Northwestern University and University of Illinois at Chicago , into its herbarium . These specimens are maintained and continuously available for researchers worldwide. The Index Herbariorum code assigned to this botanic garden
3315-829: The museum was known as the Chicago Natural History Museum . In 1921, the Museum moved from its original location in Jackson Park to its present site on Chicago Park District property near downtown Chicago. By the late 1930s the Field Museum had emerged as one of the three premier museums in the United States, the other two being the American Museum of Natural History in New York City and the National Museum of Natural History at
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#17327974173333380-452: The museum's academic-research faculty and exhibit development. The academic faculty and scientific staff engage in field expeditions , in biodiversity and cultural research on every continent, in local and foreign student training, and in stewardship of the rich specimen and artifact collections. They work in close collaboration with public programming exhibitions and education initiatives. In 1869, and before its formal establishment,
3445-478: The museum's curatorial staff resulted in substantial collection growth. During the first 50 years of the museum's existence, over 440 Field Museum expeditions acquired specimens from all parts of the world. In addition, material was added through purchase, such as H. N. Patterson 's herbarium in 1900, and the Strecker butterfly collection in 1908. Extensive specimen material and artifacts were given to
3510-599: The only building remaining from the World's Columbian Exposition in Jackson Park, the Palace of Fine Arts. It is now home to the Chicago Museum of Science and Industry . In 1905, the museum's name was changed to Field Museum of Natural History to honor its first major benefactor and to reflect its focus on the natural sciences. Stanley Field was the president in 1906. During the period from 1943 to 1966,
3575-689: The position of curator of fish at the Museum of Zoology at the University of Michigan, a position he held for 24 years. In 1927, while working at the University of Michigan , he received his Ph.D. , writing his dissertation on The Consequences of Structural Modifications of the Developmental Rate in Fishes Considered in Reference to Certain Problems of Evolution . Hubbs himself along with members of team and students contributed to
3640-570: The primary means of informal education, but throughout its history the Museum has supplemented this approach with innovative educational programs. The Harris Loan Program, for example, begun in 1912, reaches out to children in Chicago area schools, offering artifacts, specimens, audiovisual materials, and activity kits. The Department of Education, begun in 1922, offers classes, lectures, field trips, museum overnights and special events for families, adults and children. The Field has adopted production of
3705-433: The removal of display mounts from historic objects, testing of collections for residual heavy metal pesticides , presence of early plastics in collections, the effect of sulfurous products in display cases, and the use of light tubes in display cases. Concordant with research developments, new collection types, such as frozen tissue collections, requiring new collecting and preservation techniques are added to
3770-759: The responsibility of caring for a collection of fish from Stanford. During this same period, Hubbs met John Otterbein Snyder , another disciple of Jordan. Hubbs obtained his BA in 1916 and his master's degree in 1917. From 1917 until 1920 Hubbs served as the assistant curator of fish, amphibians, and reptiles at the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago . He married Laura Cornelia Clark on June 15, 1918, with whom he had three children. His wife, who had also studied at Stanford, having received her BA in 1915 and her master's degree in 1916, taught math. In 1920, he took
3835-497: The world can search online for particular specimens and request to borrow them, which are shipped routinely under defined and published loan policies, to ensure that the specimens remain in good condition. For example, in 2012, Field Museum's Zoology collection processed 419 specimen loans, shipping over 42,000 specimens to researchers, per its Annual Report. The collection specimens are an important cornerstone of research infrastructure in that each specimen can be re-examined and with
3900-436: Was an early adopter of voluntary repatriation practices of ethnological and archaeological artifacts. Field Museum collections are professionally managed by collection managers and conservators, who are skilled in preparation and preservation techniques. Numerous maintenance and collection management tools were and are being advanced at Field Museum. For example, Carl Akeley 's development of taxidermy excellence produced
3965-525: Was an early adopter of positive-pressure based approaches to control of environment in display cases, using control modules for humidity control in several galleries where room-level humidification was not practical. The museum has also adopted a low-energy approach to maintain low humidity to prevent corrosion in archaeological metals using ultra-well-sealed barrier film micro-environments. Other notable contributions include methods for dyeing Japanese papers to color match restorations in organic substrates ,
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#17327974173334030-531: Was awarded the 1964 Leidy Award from the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute is named after Hubbs Hubbs's name was given to a dried-up lake in Nevada, and to a number of organisms: Field Museum of Natural History The Field Museum of Natural History ( FMNH ), also known as The Field Museum , is a natural history museum in Chicago, Illinois , and
4095-598: Was named after him. Hubbs issued 712 publications. At first, he studied the fish of the Great Lakes but after moving to La Jolla, he expanded his research to include marine mammals. He also served as an active adviser, both through articles for popular magazines, the Encyclopædia Britannica , and radio broadcasts. He educated the public from 1920 to 1930 the need to protect the habitats of marine mammals. For his environmental protection work he received
4160-434: Was named after the person who discovered it, Sue Hendrickson , and is commonly referred to as female, although the dinosaur's actual sex is unknown. The original skull is not mounted to the body due to the difficulties in examining the specimen 13 feet off the ground, and for nominal aesthetic reasons (the replica does not require a steel support under the mandible). An examination of the bones revealed that Sue died at age 28,
4225-478: Was reported that an employee had defrauded the museum of $ 900,000 over a seven-year period to 2014. The Museum received 1,018,002 visitors in 2022, ranking it 11th in the List of most-visited museums in the United States . Animal exhibitions and dioramas such as Nature Walk, Mammals of Asia, and Mammals of Africa allow visitors an up-close look at the diverse habitats that animals inhabit. Most notably featured are
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