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33-589: Sir Hugh Percy Lane (9 November 1875 – 7 May 1915) was an Irish art dealer , collector and gallery director. He is best known for establishing Dublin 's Municipal Gallery of Modern Art (the first known public gallery of modern art in the world) and for his contribution to the visual arts in Ireland, including the Lane Bequest . Hugh Lane died on board the RMS Lusitania . Hugh Percy Lane

66-605: A nationalist journalist, judge and Member of Parliament . His brother Matthias, Jr. became a Jesuit priest and author, while two of his sisters became nuns. Bodkin was educated at Belvedere College and Clongowes Wood College , then graduated from the Royal University of Ireland in 1908 with a Bachelor of Civil Law degree. He was called to the Irish Bar in 1911 and practised law while collecting art privately, influenced by his close friend Sir Hugh Lane . With

99-495: A vanity press does for authors. The shows lack legitimate curation and often include as many artists as possible. Most art professionals are able to identify them on an artist's resume. Thomas Bodkin Professor Thomas Patrick Bodkin KCSG (21 July 1887 – 24 April 1961) was an Irish barrister and art collector who became an art historian and curator . Bodkin was Director of

132-649: A codicil to his will, which was, however, not witnessed. Lane did not live to see his gallery permanently located as he died in 1915 during the sinking of the RMS Lusitania , off the west coast of Cork . In March 1914, fourteen months before his death, Lane had been appointed Director of the National Gallery of Ireland . He was succeeded by Walter G. Strickland , who was the Gallery's registrar. The Municipal Gallery of Modern Art, extended in 2005,

165-466: A considerable number of years, and it might now be the turn of the Dublin Galleries to have them for a number of years... Legally, the holders have a very strong case, but we are so wealthy in our treasures, while Ireland is so comparatively poor..." Lord Marley added: "My Lords, perhaps I might say one word in support of what my noble friend Lord Strabolgi has said because Sir Hugh Lane was

198-623: A cousin of mine, and I do know he was very anxious, even before this codicil was made, that the pictures should go to Dublin. I hope that something will be done in support of what my noble friend has said." When John A. Costello became Taoiseach in 1948, he initiated further negotiations with the UK government. Support in London was maintained in 1953 by Lord Moyne , who said in Parliament: ".. I would urge on Her Majesty's Government to include in it

231-733: A few which survive in the BBC's archives, he appeared on the panel alongside fellow gallery curator Hugh Shortt and archaeologist Mortimer Wheeler , the programme's regular expert panellist. Bodkin was a devout Catholic who is said to have hung the papal flag from his house in Dublin on appropriate holidays. He was awarded the Civil Division of the Order of St. Gregory the Great for services to his church. A bust of Bodkin, previously exhibited at

264-448: A popular audience, ran through many editions over the succeeding 30 years. In his final years, he was a frequent guest on the BBC panel show Animal, Vegetable, Mineral? , identifying curiosities from around the world. Bodkin appeared on the programme six times, beginning with the first episode and ending with the penultimate episode of its original run. In the latter episode, one of only

297-569: A portion of art sales; twenty-five to fifty per cent is typical. There are also many non-profit or collective galleries. Some galleries in cities like Tokyo charge the artists a flat rate per day, though this is considered distasteful in some international art markets. Galleries often hang solo shows. Curators often create group shows with a message about a certain theme, trend in art, or group of associated artists. Galleries sometimes choose to represent exclusive artists, giving them opportunities for regular shows. A gallery's definition can also include

330-490: A private for-profit commercial gallery. These galleries are found clustered together in large urban centers. Smaller cities are home to at least one gallery, but they may also be found in towns or villages, and remote areas where artists congregate, e.g. the Taos art colony and St Ives, Cornwall . Contemporary art galleries are often open to the general public without charge; however, some are semi-private. They profit by taking

363-473: A provision for the return of the thirty-six, or so, pictures which were collected by the late Sir Hugh Lane as a basis for a modern collection for Ireland ...." These interventions eventually led on to a compromise agreement in 1959, announced by Taoiseach Seán Lemass , whereby half of the Lane Bequest would be lent and shown in Dublin every five years. In his announcement of the agreement, Lemass thanked

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396-501: Is now in Parnell Square , central Dublin. A drama-documentary on him, Citizen Lane , directed by Thaddeus O'Sullivan, was produced in 2018. Following his death, Lane's will bequeathed his collection to London, but an unwitnessed later codicil bequeathed it to Dublin. Having possession, London's National Gallery did not recognise the codicil. Altering this legal reality became the life's work of Professor Thomas Bodkin . At

429-495: Is often said to be reflected in his portrait by Titian (1567) . Art dealers often study the history of art before entering on their careers. Related careers that often cross-over include curators of museums and art auction firms are industry-related careers. Gallery owners who do not succeed may seek to work for more successful galleries. Others pursue careers as art critics , academics, curators of museums or auction houses, or practicing artists. Dealers have to understand

462-419: Is subject to economic booms and busts just like any other market. Art dealers must be economically conscious in order to maintain their livelihoods. The mark ups of art work must be carefully monitored. If prices and profits are too large, then investments may be devalued should an overstock or economic downturn occur. To determine an artwork's value, dealers inspect the objects or paintings closely, and compare

495-640: The National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin from 1927 to 1935 and founding Director of the Barber Institute of Fine Arts in Birmingham from 1935 until 1952, where he acquired the nucleus of the collection described by The Observer as "the last great art collection of the twentieth century." Bodkin was born into an upper-middle-class Catholic family in Dublin , the eldest of the six children of Arabella (née Norman) and Matthias McDonnell Bodkin ,

528-530: The artist cooperative or artist-run space , which often (in North America and Western Europe) operates as a space with a more democratic mission and selection process. Such galleries have a board of directors and a volunteer or paid support staff who select and curate shows by committee, or some kind of similar process to choose art often lacking commercial ends. A vanity gallery is an art gallery charging fees from artists to show their work, much like

561-520: The Colnaghi's Marlborough Gallery for some years, before becoming a dealer in his own right and opening a gallery in Dublin in 1908. Through regular visits to Coole (near Gort ), County Galway , the home of his aunt, Lady Gregory, Lane remained in contact with Ireland. He soon counted among his family, friends and social circle those who collectively formed the core of the Irish cultural renaissance in

594-574: The Elder 's Equestrian Statue Of George I (circa 1717). Bodkin retired in 1952 but retained control over acquisitions until 1959 – his successor as Director and Professor Ellis Waterhouse wistfully referred to Bodkin's wayward later purchases as "Acts of Bod". Bodkin was also an active broadcaster and author, publishing personal reminiscences and translations of modern French poetry as well as works of art history and criticism. In particular, his The Approach to Painting (1927), an introduction for

627-706: The Royal Academy in 1958, was donated to the Barber by its sculptor, Sir Charles Wheeler , President of the Royal Academy and a personal friend of Bodkin's, on the latter's death. Bodkin died in Birmingham on 24 April 1961, at the age of 73. His remains were interred in Glasnevin Cemetery , Dublin. He was the subject of This Is Your Life in March 1960 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at

660-448: The business side of the art world. They keep up with trends in the market and are knowledgeable about the style of art people want to buy. They figure out how much they should pay for a piece and then estimate the resale price. They are also often passionate and knowledgeable about art. Those who deal with contemporary art promote new artists, creating a market for the artists' works and securing financial success for themselves. The art world

693-596: The committee that commissioned the design of the new coinage of the Republic of Ireland from Percy Metcalfe . In 1917, Bodkin married Aileen Cox, with whom he had five daughters. In 1935 Bodkin left Ireland on being appointed Director of the newly established Barber Institute of Fine Arts and Barber Professor of Fine Art at the University of Birmingham . The funds available to the Barber Institute for

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726-447: The death of Lane in the sinking of the RMS Lusitania in 1915, Bodkin was charged with ensuring that Lane's collection of art was displayed in Dublin – a dispute that would only finally be settled in 1957 and about which Bodkin was to write Hugh Lane and his Pictures in 1932. Bodkin left the legal profession in 1916 to become a Governor of the National Gallery of Ireland , being appointed Director in 1927. He also served in 1926 on

759-583: The early decades of the 20th century that was a part of the Celtic Revival . Extolling the cause of Irish art abroad, Lane also became one of the foremost collectors and dealers of French Impressionist paintings in Europe, and amongst those works purchased by him for the new gallery were La Musique aux Tuileries by Manet , Sur la Plage by Degas , Les Parapluies by Renoir and La Cheminée by Vuillard . For his "services to art" in Ireland, Lane

792-533: The entire collection to be on display in Dublin together for the first time. There was a switch in May 2013 for a six-year period. Art dealer An art dealer in contemporary art typically seeks out various artists to represent, and builds relationships with collectors and museums whose interests are likely to match the work of the represented artists. Some dealers are able to anticipate market trends , while some prominent dealers may be able to influence

825-422: The fine details with similar pieces. Some dealers with many years of experience learn to identify unsigned works by examining stylistic features such as brush strokes, color, form. They recognize the styles of different periods and individual artists. Often art dealers are able to distinguish authentic works from forgeries (although even dealers are sometimes fooled). The term contemporary art gallery refers to

858-690: The purchase of new works compared favourably even to some national museums and Bodkin was able to make a string of exceptional purchases in the depressed art market around the time of the Second World War . The collection that in 1935 had numbered just seven works, by 1939 held major pieces such as Tintoretto 's Portrait of a Youth (1554), Simone Martini 's St. John the Evangelist (1320), Poussin 's Tancred and Erminia (1634), Whistler 's Symphony in White No. III (1867) and John van Nost

891-708: The request of Lane's aunt, Lady Gregory , the leader of the Irish Government W.T. Cosgrave unsuccessfully approached Ramsay MacDonald on the matter in 1929. Then, in 1938, the present-day solution came from the British side, during the House of Lords debates on the Eire (Confirmation of Agreements) Act 1938 . Lord Strabolgi put forward a suggestion from Sir Robert Witt : "..that these pictures should alternate between London and Dublin. We have had them in London for

924-502: The taste of the market. Many dealers specialize in a particular style, period, or region. They often travel internationally, frequenting exhibitions , auctions , and artists' studios looking for good buys, little-known treasures, and exciting new works. When dealers buy works of art, they resell them either in their galleries or directly to collectors. Those who deal in contemporary art in particular usually exhibit artists' works in their own galleries. They will often take part in preparing

957-435: The then-retired Thomas Bodkin for his persistence, helped by Lord Moyne and Lord Pakenham . In 1993, the agreement was changed so that 31 of the 39 paintings would stay in Ireland. The remaining 8 were divided into 2 groups so that 4 would be lent for 6 years at a time to Dublin. These 8 include works by Manet , Monet , Pissarro , Renoir , Morisot , Vuillard and Degas . In 2008, The National Gallery in London arranged for

990-506: The works of art to be revealed or processed. Art dealers' professional associations serve to set high standards for accreditation or membership and to support art exhibitions and shows. The art dealer as a distinct profession perhaps emerged in the Italian Renaissance , in particular to feed the new appetite among collectors for classical antiquities , including coins. The somewhat disreputable character of Jacopo Strada

1023-569: Was knighted in June 1909 at the comparatively young age of 33. The Municipal Gallery of Modern Art opened in January 1908 in temporary premises at 17 Harcourt Street, Dublin , with no entrance charge. Lane hoped that Dublin Corporation would run it, but the corporation was unsure if it would be financially viable. Lane met the running costs while seeking a more permanent home. A new gallery

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1056-662: Was born in County Cork , Ireland, on 9 November 1875. He was the son of a rector father, James William Lane. His mother, Frances Adelaide (Persse) Lane, was a daughter of Dudley Persse, of Roxborough, County Galway . Her sister, Augusta, was the dramatist Augusta, Lady Gregory , of Coole, County Galway . He was brought up in Cornwall , England, and began his career as an apprentice painting restorer with Martin Henry Colnaghi in London, then worked as an art dealer at

1089-669: Was proposed in St Stephens Green , and then a dramatic bridge-gallery over the River Liffey , both designed by Sir Edwin Lutyens . Both were turned down, the latter by a close vote of the Corporation, which would have to meet the long-term running costs. Despairing of Irish support, after all he had done, Sir Hugh then bequeathed his pictures to the National Gallery in London . Shortly before his death, Lane reversed this in

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