130-431: Dexter's Laboratory is an American animated television series created by Genndy Tartakovsky for Cartoon Network . Initially debuting on February 26, 1995, as a seven-minute World Premiere Toons pilot, it was expanded into a full series after gaining network approval. The first season, which consists of 13 episodes divided into three segments each, premiered on TNT on April 27, 1996, and on TBS and Cartoon Network
260-420: A television film titled Dexter's Laboratory: Ego Trip aired as the intended series finale , after which Tartakovsky focused his work on another series for Cartoon Network, Samurai Jack . In November 2000, the series was renewed for two seasons, which began airing on November 18, 2001. Due to Tartakovsky's departure, Chris Savino served as showrunner, and a new team at Cartoon Network Studios produced
390-577: A "rude removal system" to diminish Dee Dee and Dexter's rudeness that instead creates highly rude clones of both siblings. "Rude Removal" was only shown during certain animation festivals and was never aired on television due to characters swearing , even though all swear words are censored . Tartakovsky commented that " standards didn't like it." Linda Simensky, then-vice president of original programming for Cartoon Network, said "I still think it's very funny. It probably would air better late at night." Michelle Klein-Häss of Animation World Network called
520-668: A 12-hour "Dexter Goes Global" marathon in 96 countries and 12 languages. This marathon featured fan-selected episodes of Dexter's Laboratory and culminated by premiering two new episodes of season 3. From 2005 to 2008, Dexter's Laboratory was rerun in segments on The Cartoon Cartoon Show with other Cartoon Cartoons from that era. From 2012 to 2014, it returned in reruns on the revived block, Cartoon Planet . From January 16, 2006, to June 7, 2021, Dexter's Laboratory aired reruns on Boomerang . Cartoon Network has aired reruns in Canada since its launch on July 4, 2012. This launch
650-639: A 2001 IGN interview, Tartakovsky expressed disappointment with how The Justice Friends turned out, saying, "it could have been funnier and the characters could have been fleshed out more." Genndy Tartakovsky, the creator of Dexter's Laboratory , was born in Moscow , where his father, a dentist , served in the government of the Soviet Union . Although relatively wealthy and well-connected, his family feared racial persecution due to their Jewish heritage and moved from Russia to Chicago when Tartakovsky
780-566: A 3-minute short sandwiched in between, rather than the original format of three 7-minute shorts. Dexter%27s Laboratory Dexter's Laboratory is an American animated television series created by Genndy Tartakovsky for Cartoon Network and the first original series for the channel under the Cartoon Cartoons moniker. The series follows Dexter, an enthusiastic boy-genius with a hidden science laboratory in his room, which he keeps secret from his unsuspecting parents. Dexter
910-450: A Dexter balloon was featured in Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade alongside other iconic characters, including the titular piglet from Babe whom Christine Cavanaugh voiced. The series was part of Cartoon Network's 20% ratings surge during mid-1999. On July 7, 2000, the series was the network's highest-rated original telecast among households (3.1), kids 2–11 (7.8), and kids 6–11 (8.4), with
1040-533: A German accent. It's just Eastern European." Tartakovsky later declared Cavanaugh's input for Dexter to be irreplaceable as he acknowledged her legacy. Dexter conceals his lab from his clueless parents, addressed only as Mom (voiced by Kath Soucie ) and Dad (voiced by Jeff Bennett ), who Tartakovsky described as simplified stereotypes of "ideal parents". His hyperactive, carefree, older sister Dee Dee (voiced by Allison Moore in seasons 1 and 3 and by Kat Cressida in seasons 2 and 4) delights in playing haphazardly in
1170-419: A certain brusqueness of manner, or by his glum unapproachability, or some kind of malapropism, he causes unwitting offence to people... For him self-communings are a pleasure. His own world is a safe harbor, a carefully tended and walled-in garden, closed to the public and hidden from prying eyes. His own company is the best. He feels at home in his world, where the only changes are made by himself. His best work
1300-775: A continuum, individuals may have a mixture of both orientations. A person who acts introverted in one situation may act extraverted in another, and people can learn to act in "counter dispositional" ways in certain situations. For example, Brian Little's free trait theory suggests that people can take on "free traits", behaving in ways that may not be their "first nature", but can strategically advance projects that are important to them. Together, this presents an optimistic view of what extraversion is. Rather than being fixed and stable, individuals vary in their extraverted behaviors across different moments, and can choose to act extraverted to advance important personal projects or even increase their happiness, as mentioned above. Researchers have found
1430-434: A continuum. Goldberg (1992) developed a 20-word measure as part of his 100-word Big Five markers. Saucier (1994) developed a briefer 8-word measure as part of his 40-word mini-markers. However, the psychometric properties of Saucier's original mini-markers have been found to be suboptimal with samples outside of North America. As a result, a systematically revised measure was developed to have better psychometric properties,
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#17327719935721560-463: A correlation between extraversion and self-reported happiness. That is, more extraverted people tend to report higher levels of happiness than introverts. Other research has shown that being instructed to act in an extraverted manner leads to increases in positive affect, even for people who are trait-level introverts. Extraverts report experiencing more positive emotions, whereas introverts tend to be closer to neutral. This may be because extraversion
1690-754: A delivery of almost 2 million homes. On July 31, 2001, it scored the highest household rating (2.9) and delivery (2,166,000 homes) for a Cartoon Network telecast for that year. Along with The Powerpuff Girls , Dexter's Laboratory expanded the network's viewership to 72 million, and the series became one of the network's highest-rated original series of 2002. Dexter's Laboratory , particularly its first two original seasons, received critical acclaim and became one of Cartoon Network's most successful original series. Betty Cohen , then Cartoon Network's president, called it one of her favorite animated programs, stating, "It shows little guys can be powerful." Rapper Coolio stated in an August 2002 Billboard interview that he
1820-413: A disappointment and pathology". In contrast, Cain says that introversion is not a "second-class" trait but that both introverts and extraverts enrich society, with examples including the introverts Isaac Newton , Albert Einstein , Mahatma Gandhi , Dr. Seuss , W. B. Yeats , Steven Spielberg , and Larry Page . Most contemporary trait theories measure levels of extraversion-introversion as part of
1950-472: A distinct dislike of society as soon as he finds himself among too many people. In a large gathering he feels lonely and lost. The more crowded it is, the greater becomes his resistance. He is not in the least "with it," and has no love of enthusiastic get-togethers. He is not a good mixer. What he does, he does in his own way, barricading himself against influences from outside. He is apt to appear awkward, often seeming inhibited, and it frequently happens that, by
2080-560: A hardworking, unspoiled " Midwest kid" who loves food and explained, "I'm not saying he's from Chicago, but there's a reason he's got his own burrito palace, just like I had growing up in Chicago." The sibling dynamic in Dexter's Laboratory was partially modeled on Tartakovsky's relationship with his older brother, Alex. Comparing himself to Dee Dee and Alex, who became a computer engineer , to Dexter, Tartakovsky acknowledged that he
2210-581: A large longitudinal study by Diener , Sandvik, Pavot, and Fujita (1992), which assessed 14,407 participants from 100 areas of continental United States. Using the abbreviated General Well-Being Schedule, which tapped positive and negative affects, and Costa and McCrae's (1986). short version of the NEO 's Extraversion scale, the authors reported that extraverts experienced greater well-being at two points in time, during which data were collected: first between 1971 and 1975, and later between 1981 and 1984. However,
2340-663: A little bit of Dee Dee and Dexter in that. He has science and he doesn't want Dee Dee in his lab. My brother is Dexter. I'm Dee Dee." Dexter's nemesis is rival classmate Mandark Astronomonov (voiced by Eddie Deezen ). Like Dexter, Mandark is a boy genius with his own laboratory, but his schemes are generally evil and designed to gain power or downplay or destroy Dexter's accomplishments. In revival seasons, Mandark becomes significantly more evil, becoming Dexter's enemy rather than his rival, and Mandark's laboratory changes from brightly lit with rounded features to gothic-looking, industrial, and angular. Mandark's unrequited love for Dee Dee
2470-495: A meta-analysis of 15 experience sampling studies has suggested that there is a great deal of overlap in the way that extraverts and introverts behave. In these studies, participants used mobile devices to report how extraverted (e.g., bold, talkative, assertive, outgoing) they were acting at multiple times during their daily lives. Fleeson and Gallagher (2009) found that extraverts regularly behave in an introverted way, and introverts regularly behave in an extraverted way. Indeed, there
2600-570: A person shows positive emotions of enthusiasm , energy, and excitement, that person is seen favorably by others and he or she gains others' attention. This favorable reaction from others likely encourages extraverts to engage in further extraverted behavior. Ashton, Lee, and Paunonen's (2002) study showed that their measure of social attention, the Social Attention Scale, was much more highly correlated with extraversion than were measures of reward sensitivity. Temperamental view
2730-418: A phone call from Larry Huber , who had been a producer on 2 Stupid Dogs . Huber had shown Tartakovsky's unfinished student film to a then-nascent Cartoon Network and wanted Tartakovsky to develop the concept into a seven-minute storyboard . "It actually started with Dee Dee. I wanted to animate a girl dancing. So, I drew this skinny, big-headed girl dancing. When I had finished her, I thought, what would be
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#17327719935722860-1167: A positive correlation between introversion and total white matter volume. Task-related functional neuroimaging has shown that extraversion is associated with increased activity in the anterior cingulate gyrus, prefrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus , and the amygdala . Extraversion has also been linked to physiological factors such as respiration, through its association with surgency . Various differences in behavioral characteristics are attributed to extraverts and introverts. According to one study, extraverts tend to wear more decorative clothing, whereas introverts prefer practical, comfortable clothes. Extraverts are more likely to prefer more upbeat, conventional, and energetic music than introverts. Personality also influences how people arrange their work areas. In general, extraverts decorate their offices more, keep their doors open, keep extra chairs nearby, and are more likely to put dishes of candy on their desks. These are attempts to invite co-workers and encourage interaction. Introverts, in contrast, decorate less and tend to arrange their workspace to discourage social interaction. Despite these differences,
2990-556: A preference for a quiet, more minimally stimulating external environment. They prefer to concentrate on a single activity at a time and like to observe situations before they participate, especially observed in developing children and adolescents. They are more analytical before speaking. Mistaking introversion for shyness is a common error. Introversion is a preference, while shyness stems from distress. Introverts prefer solitary to social activities, but do not necessarily fear social encounters like shy people do. Susan Cain , author of
3120-405: A quest through time to discover his future triumphs. It premiered on December 10, 1999, at 7:00 PM with a repeat broadcast on January 1, 2000, at 12:00 AM. On February 21, 2001, Cartoon Network issued a press release stating that Dexter's Laboratory had been revived for a 13-episode third season. The series was given a new production team at Cartoon Network Studios , and Chris Savino took over
3250-491: A question that should forever exist. You kind of make your own mind up about it. Tartakovsky, on whether or not there is an in-universe explanation for Dexter's accent., Den of Geek The ages of Dexter and Dee Dee are meant to be nebulous. Although Tartakovsky suggested that Dexter is intended to be about six to eight years old and that Dee Dee is "a couple years older", he stressed that he would "never want" to specify Dexter's exact age. Tartakovsky wrote Dexter as
3380-522: A robotic hand, McCracken explained, "He [Tartakovsky] applied that sequence to the show all the time, especially when Dexter was building stuff." Dexter's Laboratory originated with one of Genndy Tartakovsky's designs of a ballet dancer . While attending CalArts, Tartakovsky drew a tall, thin girl dancing and decided to pair her with a short and blocky opposite. These two characters would eventually develop into Dee Dee and Dexter respectively, although they went unnamed until Tartakovsky started expanding
3510-572: A single, continuous dimension of personality, with some scores near one end, and others near the halfway mark. Ambiversion is falling more or less in the middle. Quiet author Susan Cain reported studies indicating that 33 to 50% of the American population are introverts. Particular demographics have higher prevalence, with a 6,000-subject MBTI -based survey indicating that 60% of attorneys, and 90% of intellectual property attorneys, are introverts. The extent of extraversion and introversion
3640-720: A superhero alter ego , and the Justice Friends, a trio of superheroes who share an apartment. Tartakovsky pitched the series to Fred Seibert 's animated shorts showcase What a Cartoon! at Hanna-Barbera , basing it on student films he produced at the California Institute of the Arts . Four pilots aired on Cartoon Network and TNT from 1995 to 1996. Viewer approval ratings led to a half-hour series, which consisted of two seasons totaling 52 episodes, airing from April 27, 1996, to June 15, 1998. On December 10, 1999,
3770-420: A typical American family, Dexter speaks with an accent of indeterminate origin. Christine Cavanaugh described it as "an affectation, [a] kind of accent, we're not quite sure. A small Peter Lorre , but not. Perhaps he's Latino, perhaps he's French. He's a scientist; he knows he needs [a] kind of accent." Genndy Tartakovsky explained, "he's a scientist. All scientists are foreign and have accents...It's not really
3900-650: A variety of findings contradict the claims of the social activity hypothesis. Firstly, it was found that extraverts were happier than introverts even when alone. Specifically, extraverts tend to be happier regardless of whether they live alone or with others, or whether they live in a vibrant city or quiet rural environment. Similarly, a study by Diener , Sandvik, Pavot, and Fujita (1992) showed that although extraverts chose social jobs relatively more frequently (51%) than nonsocial jobs compared to introverts (38%), they were happier than introverts regardless of whether their occupations had social or nonsocial character. Secondly, it
4030-405: Is "staged cinematically, rather than flat and close to the screen, to leave space and depth for the action and gags in the lab". Tartakovsky was influenced by Warner Bros. cartoons, Hanna-Barbera, and Japanese anime . Sam Raimi 's films Evil Dead II and Army of Darkness heavily influenced the series' visual style. Referring to a scene from Army of Darkness featuring the construction of
List of Dexter's Laboratory episodes - Misplaced Pages Continue
4160-552: Is a fan of the series, stating, "I watch a lot of cartoons because I have kids. I actually watch more cartoons than movies." Shortly after the premiere of its first season, Dexter's Laboratory was hailed as one of the best new series on Cartoon Network by Ted Cox of the Daily Herald . In the lead up to its second season, Dexter's Laboratory was called the most imaginative series on Cartoon Network by Nancy McAlister of The Florida Times-Union . Although McAlister critiqued
4290-423: Is at constant odds with his older and more extraverted sister Dee Dee, who regularly accesses the laboratory and inadvertently foils his experiments. Mandark, a nefarious boy-genius classmate who lives next-door to Dexter, attempts to undermine him at every opportunity. Prominently featured in the first and second seasons are other segments focusing on superhero -based characters Monkey, Dexter's pet lab-monkey with
4420-524: Is based on the notion that there is a direct link between people's personality traits and their sensitivity to positive and negative affects. The affective reactivity model states that the strength of a person's reactions to affect-relevant events are caused by people's differences in affect . This model is based on the reinforcement sensitivity theory by Jeffrey Alan Gray , which states that people with stronger behavioral activation system ( BAS ) are high in reward responsiveness and are predisposed to
4550-803: Is because the U.S. is a culture of external personality, whereas in some other cultures people are valued for their "inner selves and their moral rectitude". Other cultures, such as those in China , India , Japan , and regions where Eastern Orthodox Christianity , Buddhism , Hinduism , Sufism etc. prevail, prize introversion. These cultural differences predict individuals' happiness in that people who score higher in extraversion are happier, on average, in particularly extraverted cultures and vice versa. Despite this, extraverts are still seen as prototypical leaders in traditionally introverted cultures. Researchers have found that people who live on islands tend to be less extraverted (more introverted) than those living on
4680-403: Is believed that since extraverts are characterized as more sociable than introverts, they also possess higher levels of positive affect brought on by social interactions. Specifically, the results of Furnham and Brewin's study (1990) suggest that extraverts enjoy and participate more in social activities than introverts, and as a result extraverts report a higher level of happiness. Also, in
4810-433: Is done with his own resources, on his own initiative, and in his own way... Crowds, majority views, public opinion, popular enthusiasm never convince him of anything, but mere make him creep still deeper into his shell. His relations with other people become warm only when safety is guaranteed, and when he can lay aside his defensive distrust. All too often he cannot, and consequently the number of friends and acquaintances
4940-519: Is likely to enjoy time spent with people and find less reward in time spent alone. They tend to be energized when around other people, and they are more prone to boredom when they are by themselves. Introversion is the state of primarily obtaining gratification from one's own mental life. Introverts are typically perceived as more reserved or reflective . Some popular psychologists have characterized introverts as people whose energy tends to expand through reflection and dwindle during interaction. This
5070-414: Is manifested in more reflective and reserved behavior. Jung defined introversion as an "attitude-type characterised by orientation in life through subjective psychic contents", and extraversion as "an attitude-type characterised by concentration of interest on the external object". Extraversion and introversion are typically viewed as a single continuum , so to be higher in one necessitates being lower in
5200-561: Is more about what one "does" than what one "has". Additionally, a study by Lippa (1978) found evidence for the extent to which individuals present themselves in a different way. This is called expressive behavior, and it is dependent upon the individuals' motivation and ability to control that behavior. Lippa (1978) examined 68 students who were asked to role-play by pretending to teach a math class. The students' level of extraversion and introversion were rated based on their external/expressive behaviors such as stride length, graphic expansiveness,
5330-597: Is most commonly assessed through self-report measures, although peer-reports and third-party observation can also be used. Self-report measures are either lexical or based on statements. The type of measure is determined by an assessment of psychometric properties, and the time and space constraints of the research being undertaken. Lexical measures use individual adjectives that reflect extravert and introvert traits, such as outgoing, talkative, reserved and quiet. Words representing introversion are reverse-coded to create composite measures of extraversion-introversion running on
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5460-436: Is no relationship between extraversion and deactivated (calm) forms of positive affect such as contentment or serenity, although one study found a negative relationship between extraversion and deactivated positive affect (i.e. a positive relationship between introversion and calm positive affect). Moreover, the relationship between extraversion and activated positive affect is only significant for agentic extraversion, i.e. there
5590-414: Is no significant relationship between affiliative extraversion and activated positive affect, especially when controlling for neuroticism. An influential review article concluded that personality, specifically extraversion and emotional stability, was the best predictor of subjective well-being. As examples, Argyle and Lu (1990) found that the trait of extraversion, as measured by Extraversion Scale of
5720-473: Is not always an advantage. For example, extraverted youths are more likely to engage in antisocial or delinquent behavior. In line with this, certain evidence suggest that the trait of extraversion may also be related to that of psychopathy . Conversely, while introversion is perceived as less socially desirable, it is strongly associated with positive traits such as intelligence and "giftedness." Though more recent, large-scale meta-analyses have found that
5850-463: Is not meant to denote any specific nationality, he revealed in a 2012 Reddit AMA that it was partially inspired by "a funny French accent" done by his college roommate. When Candi Milo took over the role of Dexter in season 3, she had trouble replicating Cavanaugh's performance until she met Tartakovsky and realized Cavanaugh was imitating his Russian accent (albeit some exaggeration). Dexter's Laboratory premiered on TNT on April 27, 1996, and
5980-536: Is out of character for introverts, it was shown to harm their well-being. Therefore, one way to preserve introverts' well-being is for them to recharge as often as possible in places where they can return to their true selves—places Little calls "restorative niches". However, it was also found that extraverts did not respond stronger to social situations than introverts, nor did they report bigger boosts of positive affect during such interactions. Another possible explanation for more happiness among extraverts comes from
6110-518: Is secretly a crime-fighting superhero . Monkey's superpowers include super-strength, telekinesis, flight, and super speed. He is joined by his partner Agent Honeydew (voiced by Kath Soucie), Commander General (voiced by Robert Ridgely in season 1, Earl Boen in season 2), and a team of assembled superheroes. Dial M for Monkey was created by Genndy Tartakovsky, Craig McCracken , and Paul Rudish . The Justice Friends follows Major Glory (voiced by Rob Paulsen ), Valhallen (voiced by Tom Kenny ), and
6240-500: Is shown as a pivotal weakness, notably near the end of the Ego Trip television film. Every Dexter's Laboratory episode, with the exception of "Last But Not Beast", is divided into different stories or segments, each being 7–12 minutes long. Occasionally, a segment centers on characters other than Dexter and his family. Two segments are shown primarily during season 1: Dial M for Monkey and The Justice Friends . Dial M for Monkey
6370-503: Is similar to Jung's view, although he focused on mental energy rather than physical energy. Few modern conceptions make this distinction. Introverts often take pleasure in solitary activities such as reading, writing, or meditating. An introvert is likely to enjoy time spent alone and find less reward in time spent with large groups of people. Introverts are easily overwhelmed by too much stimulation from social gatherings and engagement, introversion having even been defined by some in terms of
6500-585: Is socially preferable in contemporary Western culture and thus introversion feels less desirable. In addition to the research on happiness, other studies have found that extraverts tend to report higher levels of self-esteem than introverts. Others suggest that such results reflect socio-cultural bias in the survey itself. Dr. David Meyers has claimed that happiness is a matter of possessing three traits: self-esteem, optimism , and extraversion. Meyers bases his conclusions on studies that report extraverts to be happier; these findings have been questioned in light of
6630-457: Is the first season to feature the new character designs and the UPA -influenced backgrounds, the latter of which was exclusive to this season. It is also the first season to use digital ink and paint, and the first season that Chris Savino takes over as the director. The third season adopted a different episode format from the other seasons, with most of its episodes being two 9-minute shorts with
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#17327719935726760-417: Is the middle segment for six episodes of season 1 , and The Justice Friends takes its place until season 1's end. With rare exception, extra segments do not appear after season 1. Other recurring characters include Puppet Pal Mitch (voiced by Rob Paulsen) and Puppet Pal Clem (voiced by Tom Kenny). Dial M for Monkey follows Monkey (vocal effects provided by Frank Welker ), Dexter's pet laboratory monkey who
6890-486: Is the state of primarily obtaining gratification from outside oneself. Extraverts tend to enjoy human interactions and to be enthusiastic , talkative , assertive , and gregarious . Extraverts are energized and thrive off being around other people. They take pleasure in activities that involve large social gatherings, such as parties, community activities, public demonstrations, and business or political groups. They also tend to work well in groups. An extraverted person
7020-465: Is used in the episode, and Tartakovsky (who often received letters and comments from other fans) said that Lee had "a great understanding of the show and genuinely captured the imaginative kid perspective we're always striving for." Composers Thomas Chase, Steve Rucker , and Gary Lionelli provided the musical score for the series. Dexter's Laboratory went on hiatus on June 15, 1998, after two seasons, with season 2 lasting 39 episodes. The series finale
7150-404: Is very restricted. In the 1950s, British psychologist Hans Eysenck theorized that the trait of introversion-extraversion could be explained in terms of Clark Hull's drive theory of motivation. He later developed his own arousal theory to explain individual differences in the trait, suggesting that the brains of extraverts were chronically under-aroused, leading them to seek out stimulation from
7280-775: Is α of 0.85. Statement measures tend to contain more words, and hence consume more research instrument space, than lexical measures. Respondents are asked the extent to which they, for example, "Talk to a lot of different people at parties or Often feel uncomfortable around others". While some statement-based measures of extraversion-introversion have similarly acceptable psychometric properties in North American populations to lexical measures, their generally emic development makes them less suited to use in other populations. For example, statements asking about talkativeness in parties are hard to answer meaningfully by those who do not attend parties, as Americans are assumed to do. Moreover,
7410-690: The Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), was positively and significantly correlated with positive affect, as measured by the Oxford Happiness Inventory. Using the same positive affect and extraversion scales, Hills and Argyle (2001) found that positive affect was again significantly correlated with extraversion. Also, the study by Emmons and Diener (1986) showed that extraversion correlates positively and significantly with positive affect but not with negative affect . Similar results were found in
7540-588: The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory , and the Myers–Briggs Type Indicator . In September 1909, Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung used the term introverted in a lecture at Clark University . A transcript of this lecture was then published with two others in a journal in 1910, the first time the term appeared in print. In the lecture he mentions that love that is "introverted", "is turned inward into
7670-446: The anterior cingulate gyrus , temporal lobes , and posterior thalamus, which are involved in sensory and emotional experience. This study and other research indicate that introversion-extraversion is related to individual differences in brain function. A study on regional brain volume found a positive correlation between introversion and grey matter volume in the right prefrontal cortex and right temporoparietal junction , as well as
7800-511: The gender stereotyping of Dexter's parents, she acknowledged that she was only applying such scrutiny to the series because Dexter's Laboratory had helped convince her that "viewers should take animated programming seriously". In 1997, Bill Ward of the Star Tribune named Dexter's Laboratory to his Critic's Choice list, recommending it for the "young of all ages". In a 2012 top 10 list by Entertainment Weekly , Dexter's Laboratory
7930-520: The "overabundance" of recent reboots of cartoons. Dexter's Laboratory broadcast 78 half-hour episodes over 4 seasons during its 7-year run. Four pilot shorts were produced for What a Cartoon! that aired from 1995 to 1996, and were reconnected into season 1 in later airings. Fifty-two episodes were produced from 1996 to 1998, followed by Ego Trip in 1999. Another 26 episodes were produced and broadcast from 2001 to 2003. "Chicken Scratch" debuted theatrically with The Powerpuff Girls Movie in 2002, and
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#17327719935728060-459: The "stimulation" hypothesis is that introverts salivate more than extraverts in response to a drop of lemon juice. This is due to increased activity in their ARAS, which responds to stimuli like food or social contact. Extraversion has been linked to higher sensitivity of the mesolimbic dopamine system to potentially rewarding stimuli. This in part explains the high levels of positive affect found in extraverts, since they will more intensely feel
8190-495: The Infraggable Krunk (voiced by Frank Welker), a trio of superhero roommates residing in an apartment called Muscular Arms. Their adventures deal less with superhero life and more with an inability to agree with each other; it is presented much like a sitcom , including a laugh track . Genndy Tartakovsky's inspiration for The Justice Friends came from reading Marvel Comics while learning how to speak English. In
8320-559: The International English Mini-Markers. The International English Mini-Markers has good internal consistency reliabilities, and other validity , for assessing extraversion-introversion and other five-factor personality dimensions, both within and, especially, without American populations. Internal consistency reliability of the extraversion measure for native English-speakers is reported as a Cronbach's alpha (α) of 0.92, that for non-native English-speakers
8450-487: The Moon" is the first to feature Christine Cavanaugh 's replacement Candi Milo as the voice of Dexter. Milo would voice the character from the next episode onward, with the exception of "Tele Trauma". A fourth and final season consisting of 13 episodes aired from November 22, 2002, to November 20, 2003. In total, there are 78 episodes and a television movie across 4 seasons. A previously unaired episode called " Rude Removal "
8580-601: The U.S. average on extraversion. Utah and the southeastern states of Florida and Georgia also score high on this personality trait. The most introverted states in the U.S. are Maryland , New Hampshire , Alaska , Washington , Oregon , and Vermont . People who live in the northwestern states of Idaho , Montana , and Wyoming are also relatively introverted. As earlier stated, extraverts are often found to have higher levels of positive affect than introverts. However, this relationship has only been found between extraversion and activated forms of positive affect. There
8710-488: The United States with no official reason given (although this has been unofficially attributed to the episode's inclusion of a stereotypical depiction of a homosexual male character). In later broadcasts and on its Season 1 DVD (Region 1), "Barbequor" has been replaced with "Dexter's Lab: A Story", an episode from season 2. " Rude Removal ", a season 2 episode, was produced but not aired. It involves Dexter creating
8840-649: The activation of aversive emotions, may influence gregariousness. Although extraversion is associated with many positive outcomes like higher levels of happiness, those extraverted people are also more likely to be exposed to communicable diseases , such as airborne infections , as they tend to have more contact with people. When individuals are more vulnerable to infection, the cost of being social will be relatively greater. Therefore, people tend to be less extraversive when they feel vulnerable and vice versa. Some claim that Americans live in an "extraverted society" that rewards extravert behavior and rejects introversion. This
8970-414: The activity facet of extraversion has the most sizable positive relations with cognitive abilities. For many years, researchers have found that introverts tend to be more successful in academic environments, which extraverts may find boring. Research shows that behavioral immune system , the psychological processes that infer infection risk from perceptual cues and respond to these perceptual cues through
9100-413: The book Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can't Stop Talking , argues that modern Western culture misjudges the capabilities of introverted people, leading to a waste of talent, energy, and happiness. Cain describes how society is biased against introverts, and that, with people being taught from childhood that to be sociable is to be happy, introversion is now considered "somewhere between
9230-438: The character "considers himself a very serious scientist, and all well-known scientists have accents." During one interview, Tartakovsky suggested that viewers should decide for themselves whether or not the character's accent is an affectation, saying that "[n]obody knows" whether the character is "pretending to be a German scientist" or is speaking naturally. Although Tartakovsky noted in a separate interview that Dexter's accent
9360-670: The concept for Cartoon Network. To further contrast the two characters, Tartakovsky determined that Dee Dee would be artistic, while Dexter would be focused on science. In an interview, Tartakovsky said, "Dee Dee came first. She was really the star of the show to me. She was so much fun. Later on, I started on Dexter and he took over." The names Dexter and Dee Dee were both found in name books; "Dexter" caught Tartakovsky's attention for sounding scientific, while "Dee Dee" appealed to him because of its uniqueness and because he felt that it complemented that character's two pigtails . Before settling on these options, Tartakovsky had considered titling
9490-498: The creation of life circumstances, which promote high levels of positive affect . Specifically, the personality trait of extraversion is seen as a facilitator of more social interactions, since the low cortical arousal among extraverts results in them seeking more social situations in order to increase their arousal. According to the social activity hypothesis, more frequent participation in social situations creates more frequent, and higher levels, of positive affect . Therefore, it
9620-448: The creators make the shows." In August 1995, Turner ordered six half-hour episodes of Dexter's Laboratory , which included two cartoons of one spin-off segment titled Dial M for Monkey . In addition to Tartakovsky, McCracken, Renzetti, and Rudish, directors and writers on Dexter's Laboratory included Seth MacFarlane , Butch Hartman , John McIntyre , Robert Alvarez , and Chris Savino . McCracken served as an art director on
9750-470: The drawings and they laugh," while following the principles of older Hanna-Barbera cartoons. Linda Simensky , who served as senior vice-president of Original Animation for Cartoon Network during the production of Dexter's Laboratory , wrote in 2011 that Dexter was designed "to be more of an icon in some ways"; she continued, "his body was short and squat and his design was simple, with a black outline and relatively little detail... Since Tartakovsky knew he
9880-531: The environment. The trait of introversion-extraversion would become one of three central traits in Eysenck's PEN theory of personality. William McDougall discussed Jung's conception, and reached this conclusion: "the introverts are those in whom reflective thought inhibits and postpones action and expression: the extroverts are those in whom the energies liberated upon the stirring of any propensity flow out freely in outward action and expression." Extraversion
10010-414: The episode "hilarious" after viewing it at the 1998 World Animation Celebration, although she predicted that it would "never be shown on television". In October 2012, Genndy Tartakovsky was asked about "Rude Removal" during an AMA on Reddit, and he replied "Next time I do a public appearance I'll bring it with me!" Adult Swim later asked fans on Twitter if interest still existed with it, and fan response
10140-457: The excitement of a potential reward. One consequence of this is that extraverts can more easily learn the contingencies for positive reinforcement , since the reward itself is experienced as greater. One study found that introverts have more blood flow in the frontal lobes of their brain and the anterior or frontal thalamus , which are areas dealing with internal processing, such as planning and problem solving. Extraverts have more blood flow in
10270-508: The fact that the "happiness" prompts given to the studies' subjects, such as "I like to be with others" and "I'm fun to be with," only measure happiness among extraverts. Also, according to Carl Jung, introverts acknowledge more readily their psychological needs and problems, whereas extraverts tend to be oblivious to them because they focus more on the outer world. Although extraversion is perceived as socially desirable in Western culture, it
10400-667: The following day on Cartoon Network and TBS . It became the first in a brand of Cartoon Network original cartoons, later including Cow and Chicken , I Am Weasel , Johnny Bravo , The Powerpuff Girls , Ed, Edd n Eddy , and Courage the Cowardly Dog , collectively known as Cartoon Cartoons . A second season was ordered, which premiered on Cartoon Network on July 16, 1997. This season includes "Dexter and Computress Get Mandark!", an episode created by six-year-old Long Island resident Tyler Samuel Lee, who submitted his idea to Tartakovsky as an audiotape. Lee's recorded narration
10530-478: The following day. A second season that consists of 39 episodes premiered in 1997. In this season, Allison Moore, the voice actor for Dee Dee during the first season, was replaced by Kat Cressida , save for a few episodes. "Last But Not Beast", the second-season finale, was originally supposed to conclude the series in 1998. However, Tartakovsky directed a television movie titled Dexter's Laboratory: Ego Trip which aired on Cartoon Network on December 10, 1999. He left
10660-466: The help of one of Dexter's original model designers, Chris Battle, known individually for acting as character designer for Nickelodeon's Aaahh!!! Real Monsters and Cartoon Network's The Powerpuff Girls . Aaron Springer and Chris Reccardi are credited on the writing staff, as is Family Guy creator Seth MacFarlane. In 2023, Tartakovsky said he was uninterested in attempting to reboot Dexter's Laboratory due to Cavanaugh's death in 2014, as well as
10790-399: The high correlation between extraversion and happiness comes from the study by Ashton, Lee, and Paunonen (2002). They suggested that the core element of extraversion is a tendency to behave in ways that attract, hold, and enjoy social attention, and not reward sensitivity. They claimed that one of the fundamental qualities of social attention is its potential of being rewarding. Therefore, if
10920-417: The laboratory, wreaking havoc with Dexter's inventions. Though seemingly dim-witted, Dee Dee, a talented ballet dancer, often outsmarts her brother and even provides him helpful advice. According to Tartakovsky, "Dee Dee is the life, she's the spirit, everything is fun. There's no hardship in life." When Tartakovsky was asked whether he and his brother Alex had a similar sibling relationship, he stated, "There's
11050-451: The latter study did not control for neuroticism, an important covariate when investigating relationships between extraversion and positive affect or wellbeing. Studies that controlled for neuroticism have found no significant relationship between extraversion and subjective well-being. Larsen and Ketelaar (1991) showed that extraverts respond more to positive affect than to negative affect, since they exhibit more positive-affect reactivity to
11180-399: The latter went on to create Family Guy for Fox respectively. In 1999, Tartakovsky returned to direct Dexter's Laboratory: Ego Trip , an hour-long television movie. It was his last Dexter's Laboratory production to be involved with and was intended to be its conclusion. Ego Trip was hand-animated, though character and setting designs were subtly revised. Its plot follows Dexter on
11310-696: The level of extraversion is controversial and the focus of many studies. Twin studies have found a genetic component of 39% to 58%. In terms of the environmental component, the shared family environment appears to be far less important than individual environmental factors that are not shared between siblings. Eysenck proposed that extraversion was caused by variability in cortical arousal. He hypothesized that introverts are characterized by higher levels of activity than extraverts and so are chronically more cortically aroused than extraverts. That extraverts require more external stimulation than introverts has been interpreted as evidence for this hypothesis. Other evidence of
11440-507: The mainland, and that people whose ancestors had inhabited the island for twenty generations tend to be less extraverted than more recent arrivals. Furthermore, people who emigrate from islands to the mainland tend to be more extraverted than people that stay on islands, and those that immigrate to islands. In the United States, researchers have found that people living in the midwestern states of North Dakota , South Dakota , Nebraska , Minnesota , Wisconsin , and Illinois score higher than
11570-557: The opposite of her? So, I drew a block. That's Dexter. Then I thought if she's into arts, he's into science." Tartakovsky, Chicago Sun-Times Unhappy with his position on The Critic , Tartakovsky accepted Huber's proposal, and the resulting project, "Changes", was produced as part of Cartoon Network's animation showcase series, World Premiere Toons , debuting on February 26, 1995. Viewers worldwide voted through phone lines, websites, focus groups, and consumer promotions for their favorite short cartoons; Dexter's Laboratory
11700-476: The other. Jung provides a different perspective and suggests that everyone has both an extraverted side and an introverted side, with one being more dominant than the other. Virtually all comprehensive models of personality include these concepts in various forms. Examples include the Big Five model , Jung's analytical psychology , Hans Eysenck 's three-factor model , Raymond Cattell 's 16 personality factors ,
11830-653: The percentage of time they spent talking, the amount of time they spent making eye contact, and the total time of each teaching session. This study found that actual introverts were perceived and judged as having more extraverted-looking expressive behaviors because they were higher in terms of their self-monitoring. This means that the introverts consciously put more effort into presenting a more extraverted, and rather socially desirable, version of themselves. Thus, individuals are able to regulate and modify behavior based on their environmental situations. Humans are complex and unique, and because introversion-extraversion varies along
11960-830: The personality trait of extraversion, while people with a stronger behavioral inhibition system ( BIS ) are lower in reward responsiveness and are more predisposed to personality trait of neuroticism and introversion. Therefore, extraverts are seen as having a temperamental predisposition to positive affect since positive mood induction has a greater effect on them than on introverts, thus extraverts are more prone to react to pleasant effects. For example, Gable, Reis, and Elliot (2000). found in two consecutive studies that people with more sensitive BIS reported higher levels of average negative affect, while people with more sensitive BAS reported higher levels of positive affect. Also, Zelenski and Larsen (1999) found that people with more sensitive BAS reported more positive emotions during
12090-656: The positive mood induction, while people with more sensitive BIS reported more negative emotions during the negative mood induction. The social reactivity theory alleges that all humans, whether they like it or not, are required to participate in social situations. Since extraverts prefer engaging in social interactions more than introverts, they also derive more positive affect from such situations than introverts do. The support for this theory comes from work of Brian R. Little, who popularized concept of "restorative niches". Little claimed that life often requires people to participate in social situations, and since acting social
12220-437: The positive-affect induction, yet they do not react more negatively to the negative-affect induction. The instrumental view proposes that personality traits give rise to conditions and actions, which have affective consequences, and thus generate individual differences in emotionality. According to the instrumental view, one explanation for greater subjective well-being among extraverts could be that extraversion helps in
12350-422: The production team of 2 Stupid Dogs . His co-workers on that series, Craig McCracken, Rob Renzetti , and Paul Rudish, had been classmates of his at Cal Arts and went on to collaborate with him on Dexter's Laboratory . Tartakovsky's last job before developing Dexter's Laboratory into a television series was to serve as a sheet timer on The Critic . During his time on that series, Tartakovsky received
12480-408: The quality of this participation differs. The more frequent social participation among extraverts could be explained by the fact that extraverts know more people, but those people are not necessarily their close friends, whereas introverts, when participating in social interactions, are more selective and have only few close friends with whom they have special relationships. Yet another explanation of
12610-638: The result of underlying differences in brain physiology. Eysenck associated cortical inhibition and excitation with the ascending reticular activation system (ARAS), a pathway located in the brainstem . Extraverts seek excitement and social activity in an effort to raise their naturally low arousal level, whereas introverts tend to avoid social situations in an effort to avoid raising their naturally high arousal level too far. Eysenck designated extraversion as one of three major traits in his P-E-N model of personality, which also includes psychoticism and neuroticism . Eysenck originally suggested that extraversion
12740-423: The revision, producer Fred Seibert felt convinced that the concept for Dexter's Laboratory could be successful. Soon afterward, Tartakovsky helped McCracken create his own short film for World Premiere Toons , which would eventually become the basis for The Powerpuff Girls . After finishing McCracken's project, the group proceeded to a second short film for Dexter's Laboratory , titled "The Big Sister". At
12870-412: The role of creative director from Tartakovsky, who at the time was immersed in launching his next series, Samurai Jack . During season four of Dexter's Laboratory , Savino was promoted to producer giving him further control of the series, including the budget. Revival episodes featured revised visual designs and sound effects, recast voice actors, and a transition from traditional cel animation, which
13000-407: The series Dartmouth and Daisy . Explaining why he discarded this idea, Tartakovsky said that "Dartmouth doesn't exactly roll off the tongue" and that the name Daisy was already heavily associated with Disney . The title Dexter's Laboratory was not settled on until around midway through production of the series' pilot episode, "Changes". I really don't like to answer those questions because it's
13130-438: The series after the movie, focusing on his other projects, Samurai Jack and Star Wars: Clone Wars . Production on a third season began in 2000 with Chris Savino taking over as creative director and later producer. The third season, consisting of 13 episodes, premiered worldwide on November 18, 2001, during Cartoon Network's "Dexter Goes Global" marathon. The third-season episode "Poppa Wheely/A Mom Cartoon/The Mock Side of
13260-717: The series and later achieved further success in their careers in animation. Spin-off media include children's books, comic books, DVD and VHS releases, music albums, toys, and video games. Dexter (voiced by Christine Cavanaugh in seasons 1–3; Candi Milo in seasons 3–4) is a bespectacled boy-genius who, behind a bookcase in his bedroom, conceals a secret laboratory , which can be accessed by spoken passwords or hidden switches on his bookshelf. Though highly intelligent, Dexter often fails to achieve his goals when he becomes overexcited and careless. Tartakovsky described Dexter as "a good kid. He's very ambitious. And he's very frustrated that everyone isn't as smart as him." Although he comes from
13390-491: The series on hiatus, Tartakovsky became a supervising producer on colleague Craig McCracken's series, The Powerpuff Girls ; he directed episodes of that series and worked on The Powerpuff Girls Movie . After the movie, McCracken went on to create Foster's Home for Imaginary Friends for Cartoon Network. Both Hartman and MacFarlane left Cartoon Network altogether at this point; the former went on to create The Fairly OddParents and Danny Phantom for Nickelodeon while
13520-567: The series to be a groundbreaking work of pop art , likening its visual style to both street art and the designs of Takashi Murakami . Extraverted Extraversion and introversion are a central trait dimension in human personality theory. The terms were introduced into psychology by Carl Jung , though both the popular understanding and current psychological usage are not the same as Jung's original concept. Extraversion (also spelled extroversion ) tends to be manifested in outgoing, talkative, energetic behavior, whereas introversion
13650-500: The series. After 26 episodes, the fourth season concluded on November 20, 2003, ending the series. Dexter's Laboratory , particularly its first two seasons, received critical acclaim and became one of Cartoon Network's most successful original series. It won three Annie Awards , with nominations for four Primetime Emmy Awards , four Golden Reel Awards , and nine other Annie Awards. Animators Craig McCracken , Seth MacFarlane , Butch Hartman , Paul Rudish , and Rob Renzetti worked on
13780-413: The series. Perlmutter described McCracken's role on Dexter's Laboratory as that of Tartakovsky's "effective second-in-command". Tartakovsky's former classmates McCracken and Rudish helped him design "Changes". This pilot was revised to create a second cut, as Tartakovsky felt utterly dissatisfied with the score, the sound effects, and the entire second half, which he chose to redo entirely. After seeing
13910-473: The sometimes colloquial North American language of statements makes them less suited for use outside America. For instance, statements like "Keep in the background" and "Know how to captivate people" are sometimes hard for non-native English-speakers to understand, except in a literal sense. Hans Eysenck described extraversion-introversion as the degree to which a person is outgoing and interactive with other people. These behavioral differences are presumed to be
14040-450: The study of Argyle and Lu (1990) extraverts were found to be less likely to avoid participation in noisy social activities, and to be more likely to participate in social activities such as party games, jokes, or going to the cinema. Similar results were reported by Diener , Larsen , and Emmons (1984) who found that extraverts seek social situations more often than introverts, especially when engaging in recreational activities. However,
14170-461: The subject and there produces increased imaginative activity". His 1921 book Psychologische Typen was published as Personality Types in English in 1923. It described the "introverted" in detail for the first time. In his later paper, Psychologische Typologie , he gives a more concise definition of the introverted type, writing: He holds aloof from external happenings, does not join in, has
14300-412: The time, Tartakovsky was still not anticipating a series greenlight for Dexter's Laboratory . He went on to reminisce that, in those days, he was simply having fun working on short films with his friends. Tartakovsky and McCracken, who had been roommates shortly after college, went on to become regular collaborators on each other's series. Animation historian David Perlmutter noted a symbiosis between
14430-594: The two men, which he felt led to stylistic similarities between Dexter's Laboratory and The Powerpuff Girls . Tartakovsky drew inspiration from his experiences as an immigrant growing up in Chicago. He explained that, like Dexter, he had a "very thick accent" as a child—and even though he lived in a diverse neighborhood, children would tease him for this. Speaking with The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles in 2001, Tartakovsky explained, "When I moved to America, I wanted to fit in and be American...We never tried to be too heavy-handed with Dexter's , but if you look at
14560-478: The underlying themes of the show, it's about a little kid trying to fit in." Tartakovsky noted that when he was a child, he was less confident than the character, telling The New York Times , "The one thing about Dexter, if he doesn't fit in, he'll start his own club. He's not afraid to be an outsider." In developing Dexter's Laboratory , he continued the tradition of making "violent cartoons", explaining that "many people like them because they project themselves in
14690-476: The youngest animation directors of that era. Speaking with the Los Angeles Times in 2002, Tartakovsky remarked about the network, "With Cartoon Network, they were looking for more undiscovered talent, people that may have had a hard time getting in.[...]It became a great opportunity to do something. And as I got into it, I realized that they were also offering the creative freedom. They were letting
14820-586: Was "overwhelming". "Rude Removal" was finally uploaded on Adult Swim's official YouTube account on January 22, 2013. Dexter's Laboratory was Cartoon Network's highest-rated original series in 1996 and 1997. Cartoon Network viewers voted the series as "Toon of the Year" in 1996. Internationally, it garnered a special mention for best script at the 1997 Cartoons on the Bay animation festival in Italy. From 1998 to 2000,
14950-600: Was a combination of two major tendencies, impulsiveness and sociability. He later added several other more specific traits, namely liveliness, activity level, and excitability. These traits are further linked in his personality hierarchy to even more specific habitual responses, such as partying on the weekend. Eysenck compared this trait to the four temperaments of ancient medicine, with choleric and sanguine temperaments equating to extraversion, and melancholic and phlegmatic temperaments equating to introversion. The relative importance of nature versus environment in determining
15080-476: Was a precursor to Dexter's Laboratory 's television pilot , "Changes". Described as a two-and-a-half-minute pencil test , this short film was included in a university screening for the producers of Batman: The Animated Series , who were impressed and hired Tartakovsky to move to Spain to work on Batman at a studio in Madrid . Later on, Tartakovsky moved back to California to work for Hanna-Barbera on
15210-403: Was commemorated by parent network Teletoon, which aired Cartoon Network-related programming blocks and promotions in weeks leading up to it, including episodes of Dexter's Laboratory . Dexter's Laboratory currently airs in reruns on Checkered Past on Adult Swim . "Dial M for Monkey: Barbequor", a season 1 episode from 1996, was removed from rotation sometime after its original premiere in
15340-462: Was developing Dexter for television, he purposely limited the design to a degree, designing the nose and mouth, for instance, in a Hanna-Barbera style to animate easily." This simplistic style was influenced by UPA shorts, as well as by the Merrie Melodies cartoon The Dover Boys at Pimento University . Simensky noted though, that in contrast to those cartoons, Dexter's Laboratory
15470-511: Was found that extraverts only sometimes reported greater amounts of social activity than introverts, but in general extraverts and introverts do not differ in the quantity of their socialization. Similar finding was reported by Srivastava, Angelo, and Vallereux (2008), who found that extraverts and introverts both enjoy participating in social interactions, but extraverts participate socially more. Thirdly, studies have shown that both extraverts and introverts participate in social relations, but that
15600-416: Was initially intended to be "Last But Not Beast", which differed from the format of other episodes, in that it was a single 25-minute episode, rather than a collection of shorter segments. By this point, Tartakovsky was exhausted. His focus on the series had cost him two relationships, and he went on to joke that the process of running Dexter's Laboratory was like "giving birth to ten children." After putting
15730-410: Was later broadcast in season four. Dexter's Laboratory premiered on February 26, 1995, on Cartoon Network as part of What a Cartoon! . On October 8, 2000, Cartoon Network aired the "Favorite Dexters" marathon from 12 PM to 7 PM Eastern. On December 31, 2000, Cartoon Network aired its "New Year's Bash" marathon featuring Dexter's Laboratory among other programs. On November 18, 2001, it broadcast
15860-438: Was more within-person variability than between-person variability in extraverted behaviors. The key feature that distinguishes extraverts and introverts was that extraverts tend to act moderately extraverted about 5–10% more often than introverts. From this perspective, extraverts and introverts are not "fundamentally different". Rather, an "extravert" is just someone who acts more extraverted more often, suggesting that extraversion
15990-495: Was most likely a "pest" to his older brother while they were growing up. Another time, he reminisced that as kids, he and his brother could each be a "pain in the ass" to the other. To illustrate one of the parallels between his childhood and the series, Tartakovsky noted that Alex had kept him from playing with "intricate" toy soldiers in those days, much like Dexter attempts to keep Dee Dee away from his inventions. Tartakovsky determined that Dexter should have an accent because
16120-555: Was originally shown only at certain comic conventions that Tartakovsky attended beginning in 1998. The segment, originally produced for season two, was released online by Adult Swim on January 22, 2013. An episode segment from the second season was produced yet never aired on television, but was ultimately released to the public in January 2013 on the official YouTube page of Adult Swim . A television movie titled Dexter's Laboratory: Ego Trip premiered on Cartoon Network in 1999. It
16250-531: Was ranked as the fourth best Cartoon Network series. In 2009, Dexter's Laboratory was named 72nd best animated series by IGN , whose editors remarked, "Aimed at and immediately accessible to children, Dexter's Laboratory was part of a new generation of animated series that played on two levels, simultaneously fun for both kids and adults." In his 2015 book Animation: A World History Volume III: Contemporary Times , Giannalberto Bendazzi called Dexter's Laboratory "visually and verbally innovative". He considered
16380-525: Was seven. Along with his older brother, Alex, Tartakovsky learned English by watching cartoons and taught himself how to draw as a child by copying comic books , which Alex lost interest in at age 15. Tartakovsky initially went to Columbia College Chicago to study advertising and took an animation class as an elective. After he transferred to the California Institute of the Arts in 1990 to study animation full-time, Tartakovsky wrote, directed, animated, and produced two student short films , one of which
16510-471: Was the final televised Dexter's Laboratory media in which creator Genndy Tartakovsky was directly involved. Ego Trip was also the last project made by Cartoon Network Studios as division of Hanna-Barbera before the studio branched off as a separate facility when Hanna-Barbera was folded into Warner Bros. Animation . Candi Milo replaced Christine Cavanaugh as the voice of Dexter after six episodes due to Cavanaugh's retirement from voice acting. This
16640-411: Was the first in which people could become showrunners at a young age, saying, "Everybody before us were in their forties, at least, and so [our generation's experience] was a very different way to do something where we had no clue what we were doing and we were just trying to make each other laugh." When Dexter's Laboratory received a series greenlight , Tartakovsky became, at age twenty-seven, one of
16770-445: Was the first of 16 to earn that vote of approval. Mike Lazzo , then-head of programming for Cartoon Network, said in 1996 that it was his favorite of the 48 shorts that had been produced by that point, commenting that he and colleagues "loved the humor in the brother-versus-sister relationship". Even after "Changes" premiered, Tartakovsky had no expectations that it would lead to an entire series. In 2018, he noted that his generation
16900-558: Was used until Ego Trip , to digital ink and paint, which was used permanently beginning with season three's premiere. Christine Cavanaugh voiced Dexter for early episodes of season three, but she retired from voice acting in 2001 for personal reasons. She was replaced by Candi Milo. Allison Moore, a college friend of Tartakovsky, was cast as Dee Dee. Moore's role was later recast with Kat Cressida. In season three, Moore briefly returned to voice Dee Dee before Cressida again assumed her role for season four. Character redesigns were handled with
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