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29-617: Hungerford Market was a produce market in London , at Charing Cross on the Strand . It existed in two different buildings on the same site, the first built in 1682, the second in 1832. The market was first built on the site of Hungerford House, next to Durham Yard, the town house of the Hungerford family . The house had burned down in 1669 as is recorded in the Diary of Samuel Pepys . It

58-481: A plural is known as a greengrocers' apostrophe . This job-, occupation-, or vocation-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Charles Fowler Charles Fowler (17 May 1792 – 26 September 1867) was an English architect, born and baptised at Cullompton, Devon . He is especially noted for his design of market buildings, including Covent Garden Market in London. Fowler

87-617: A classical style, often freely interpreted. Thomas Leverton Donaldson described him as "gifted with a practical rather than an imaginative turn of mind.". An important early work was the Court of Bankruptcy in Basinghall Street , completed in 1821. This was a substantial brick building, raised over a granite basement and stuccoed in imitation of rusticated stonework. It had a courtyard, two sides of which had open arcades, supported on square granite columns. In 1822 Fowler entered

116-538: A company to re-establish the market. The company acquired the site of the old market, together with the adjoining houses in Hungerford street, and a few in the Strand. All the existing buildings were demolished, and a new structure was built in 1831-3 to an Italianate design by Charles Fowler , the architect of Covent Garden Market . The building contract was the first undertaken by the partnership of Grissell and Peto , who later went on to build Nelson's Column ,

145-511: A desire to encourage an industry in his native Devon. Just across the Strand , on a site sloping down towards the Thames, he later built Hungerford Market . His involvement with the project predated his designs for Covent Garden, as he had been asked to survey the site as early as 1824, but the act allowing the work and incorporating the company was not enacted until May 1830. Fowler's building

174-559: A pair of colonnades, 80 feet long, connected by a covered building at one end. In around 1826, the Duke of Bedford commissioned him to construct buildings to house the market in the Piazza at Covent Garden, which until then had been accommodated in sheds and hovels. There, as in many other of his buildings, he used Haytor granite mined in Dartmoor, partly for its strength and partly out of

203-490: A poor Knight of Windsor in 1711. In 1718 the market was sold to the royal gardener Henry Wise and remained in his family until 1830, when it was bought by the newly formed Hungerford Market Company. By the beginning of the nineteenth century, the old market had become dilapidated. In 1830 the Hungerford Market Company Act 1830 ( 11 Geo. 4 & 1 Will. 4 . c. lxx) was obtained to incorporate

232-611: A radial plan of the panopticon type pioneered at Millbank Prison . He was also responsible for the London Fever Hospital in Liverpool Road , Islington , a commission he received due to the influence of the Earl of Devon . The circumstances caused some controversy as a competition had already had been held to choose a design, and one by David Mocatta had been formally decided upon by the committee. This however,

261-458: Is composed of several glasshouses of varying width and height, with a total frontage of 230 feet (70 m); the central tropical house is in the form of a Greek cross, with a glass dome 38 feet (12 m) wide. At Honiton , Devon, Fowler built the church of St Paul (1837–8) in what Nikolaus Pevsner described as "the Norman style, or at least with plenty of Norman motifs". Fowler's roof there

290-661: The Bishop of Exeter , and the Courtenay family for whom he executed considerable alterations and additions to Powderham Castle . One of his last buildings, constructed in 1852 was the hall of the Wax Chandlers' Company , of which he was a member, and eventually its Master. Fowler was a founder-member of the Institute of British Architects , and served as its honorary treasury and later vice-president. He exhibited at

319-634: The Lancastrian cause during the Wars of the Roses , in 1461 and 1469 respectively. King Henry VII granted the land back to Thomas's brother, Walter Hungerford . His daughter-in law, Agnes Hungerford , was hanged at Tyburn in 1523, for the murder of her first husband John Cotell . His grandson, also Walter, was accused in 1540 of treason and perversion, and King Henry VIII had him executed alongside his patron Thomas Cromwell . His son, another Walter,

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348-633: The Reform Club , and the Lyceum Theatre , The buildings were mostly of granite. The area occupied by the new market was a strip 126 feet wide, extending 465 feet northward towards the Strand. In addition, next to the river, was a wharf, about 200 feet long, with steps down to the water. The market itself was divided into three sections. The lower level of the site was occupied by a fish market, consisting of an open court, 130 feet long, with two tiers of colonnaded galleries on each side. By 1830

377-680: The 19th century the building was demolished to make way for Charing Cross Station . He later designed the Corn Market at Tavistock (1835) for the Duke of Bedford and the Lower Market at Exeter, where he also supervised the construction of the Higher Market, following the death of its architect. In 1827 he designed and built a Conservatory at Syon House for the Duke of Northumberland . This ambitious building, which still exists,

406-484: The United Kingdom and Australia, the increase in popularity of supermarkets caused greengrocer shops to become rarer, though they may still be found in smaller towns and villages. Today, greengrocers can also be found in street markets, malls, and supermarket produce departments. Because of its common misuse on greengrocers' signs (e.g apple's , orange's , or banana's ), an apostrophe used incorrectly to form

435-560: The competition to design the new London Bridge, and won first prize, with a proposal for five-arched bridge. However, the scheme was rejected by a committee of the House of Commons, and the commission awarded to John Rennie . Four years later he rebuilt the bridge across the River Dart at Totnes in his native Devon. In 1818 Fowler began work on the new market at Gravesend in Kent, with

464-449: The market. The market never prospered and Hungerford sold the site in parcels to the politician Sir Stephen Fox between 1681 and 1684, and Sir Christopher Wren bought a quarter of the property, and a quarter of the rents. In 1685 Fox and Wren obtained a license to sell grain, but achieved little increase in trade. A market house was built in the centre of the site, possibly designed by Wren himself. Hungerford squandered his money, dying

493-650: The name of the Hungerford Bridge , which leads into Charing Cross from the south bank of the River Thames. 51°30′28″N 0°07′28″W  /  51.5078°N 0.1244°W  / 51.5078; -0.1244 Greengrocer In the United States , the terms produce store or produce shop are used. By the 1940s, produce sales (measured in tonnage ) made at grocery stores had surpassed those made at produce stores. While once common in

522-401: The northern end of this lower court a flight of steps led to the upper level, which was elevated over storage vaults. The Great Hall, an aisled timber-roofed building 160 feet long, housed a fruit and vegetable market. To the north of that was another open court, flanked by colonnades and butchers' shops. New Hungerford Street led from there into the Strand. Fowler exploited the complexities of

551-464: The replacement of Old London Bridge meant that fishing boats could then come further upstream to deliver their catch, and the company hoped to break the monopoly of Billingsgate Market by providing a more convenient supply of fish for the West End. Fowler later built an iron roof over the open court to protect the fishmongers' stalls and two end pavilions towards the river were used as taverns. At

580-427: The site for dramatic effect, leading Thomas Leverton Donaldson to talk of "the playful picturesqueness of the group, where court rose above court, galleries above galleries, and where the series of roofs outtopped each other." A suspension bridge leading to the market from Lambeth on the south bank of the River Thames was built by Isambard Kingdom Brunel in 1845, and a hall for lectures, named Hungerford Hall ,

609-528: Was acquired from Sir Robert Chalons and his wife Blanche by Sir Walter Hungerford (later Baron Hungerford ), Speaker of the House of Commons and Steward of the Household of King Henry V . By 1444, it was known as "Hungerford Inn". Walter Hungerford's grandson, Robert Hungerford, 3rd Baron Hungerford , and great-grandson, Thomas Hungerford , Speaker of the Commons, were both attainted for supporting

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638-640: Was badly damaged when Hungerford Hall burned down in 1854. It was sold to the South Eastern Railway in 1862 which demolished it to make way for Charing Cross railway station , which opened on 11 January 1864. Brunel's suspension bridge was replaced with the new nine-span Hungerford Railway Bridge , and its chains were re-used to complete the Clifton Suspension Bridge in Bristol . The Hungerford family are commemorated in

667-643: Was born at Cullompton, Devon on 17 May 1792, and baptised on 26 December 1800, also at Cullompton. He was educated at Taunton Grammar School After serving an apprenticeship of seven years with John Powning of Exeter , he moved to London in 1814, and entered the office of David Laing , where he assisted him on the designs for the Custom House . He then set up his own practice, working from an address in Great Ormond Street, and later, from 1830, at 1, Gordon Square . Fowler generally worked in

696-488: Was built next-door in 1851. In the same year of 1851, the Swiss-Italian entrepreneur Carlo Gatti opened a stand at the market selling pastries and ice cream , priced at one penny and served in a shell. This was perhaps the first time that ice cream was made available to the paying general public. The market found itself unable to challenge more specialist markets, such as Billingsgate , and Covent Garden , and

725-421: Was finally opened in 1833. Donaldson praised the way in which Fowler exploited the complex, multi-level site, describing the "playful picturesqueness of the group, where court rose above court, galleries above galleries, and where the series of roofs outtopped each other." In this building, Fowler demonstrated his preference for lightweight construction. He later added an iron roof over the main courtyard. Later in

754-544: Was of an experimental design, incorporating cast-iron ribs supporting a cement and tile covering; this, however, had to be replaced due to the excessive amount of condensation it collected. His other ecclesiastical work included a chapel at Kilburn and several churches in the Gothic style, including: In around 1842, after winning a competition, Fowler built the Devon County Lunatic Asylum , designed on

783-523: Was regranted the property in 1544. It finally passed down the family to Sir Edward Hungerford (1632–1711), created a Knight of the Order of the Bath at the coronation of Charles II . Sir Edward Hungerford ( d. 1711) obtained permission to hold a market on the site for three days a week. Hungerford Inn, or seemingly the burned-out remains of it, was subdivided into shops and with a covered piazza , formed

812-514: Was replaced by a new Italianate market building by Charles Fowler, which opened in 1833. The new market was unsuccessful. It was damaged when the adjoining Hungerford Hall burned down in 1854, and was sold to the South Eastern Railway in 1862. Charing Cross railway station was built on the site and opened in 1864. The site became the property of the Hungerford family of Farleigh Hungerford Castle near Bath in Somerset in 1425, when it

841-642: Was set aside and Fowler brought in to carry out the work. He entered many architectural competitions, coming third in the contest for the Nelson monument in Trafalgar Square with a proposal submitted jointly with the sculptor R.W. Sievier . He was architect and surveyor to the Amicable Society , and to the West of England Fire and Life Insurance Office. He was employed by Sir Ralph Lopes ,

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