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62-415: The Huntington Mall opened on Tuesday 3 February 1981, about 12 miles (19 km) east of downtown Huntington near exit 20 of Interstate 64 . At the time, it included JCPenney , Lazarus , Stone & Thomas , and Sears as its anchor stores. When the mall's Foot Locker store opened, tennis player Bobby Riggs made an appearance at the mall, challenging mall employees to a game of tennis. Phar-Mor ,

124-531: A Catawba word meaning "friendly brother". The river has also had historical alternate names, alternate spellings and misspellings including Wood's River for the tributary known today as the New River, for Colonel Abraham Wood , an English explorer from Virginia, the first European known to have explored the river in the mid-17th century. Archaeological artifacts, such as Clovis points and later projectiles, indicate prehistoric indigenous peoples living in

186-514: A capacity of 14 percent of the average annual flow at Charleston. The reservoirs on New and Gauley Rivers reduced the estimated 100-year flood discharge under 20th-century climate by about half at Kanawha Falls. Kanawha Falls is the upstream limit of several fish species that broadly inhabit the Ohio River watershed. Above the waterfall, the watershed has fewer fish species overall, a relatively high number of species found nowhere else in

248-463: A discount pharmacy chain, was later added to the mall as its fifth anchor in 1990. Stone & Thomas was converted to Elder-Beerman in 1998 when the chain was acquired. A year later, Borders Books & Music opened its first West Virginia store at the mall. Old Navy , Steve & Barry's and local chain Dawahares were later added to the mall as well. After Phar-Mor closed in 2002, it became

310-400: A downtown route, and a southern arc south of South Charleston . The mayor at the time, John Shanklin, mayor for eight years from 1959 to 1967, was originally a strong opponent of any Interstate Highway going through the center of the city. Shanklin reversed his decision soon after and stated that Charleston can adjust to the impact and that it will eventually become a "great thing". In 1971,

372-643: A hunting ground. It was essentially unpopulated when the English and Europeans began to move into the area. The first white person to travel through Virginia all the way to the Ohio River (other than as a prisoner of the Indians) was Matthew Arbuckle, Sr. , who traversed the length of the Kanawha River valley arriving at (what would later be called) Point Pleasant around 1764. In April 1774, Captain Hanson

434-498: A location within the mall at the prior Forever 21 location. Huntington Mall is the largest mall in the state of West Virginia. When the mall was built, the only other businesses around it were two bars and an Exxon gas station. Since the mall's opening, several retailers have been built around the mall, including four motels and several restaurants, as well as a Walmart Supercenter, the first Best Buy in West Virginia, and

496-474: A new four-lane highway that links US 60 and WV 2 together. In 2002, cable barriers were installed in the median from milepost 6 to milepost 15 as a stopgap measure. These new barriers, installed for $ 2 million (equivalent to $ 3.24 million in 2023 ), required the regrading of the median and upgrades to the drainage system. These new protective devices have proved to be worthwhile, preventing many crossover accidents which have plagued

558-451: A new ramp, exit 20A, that would serve US 60 and the west end of Huntington Mall. The original exit 20A ramp was removed. Exit 20B was kept, for the most part, in its current position with a left turn lane added that allowed it to serve the east end of Huntington Mall, Melody Farm Road, and US 60. In the same year, a new interchange opened for WV 193 (Merritts Creek Connector) at Barboursville . Exit 18 serves

620-561: A place of competition among historical American Indian nations. Invading from their base in present-day New York , the Iroquois drove out or conquered Fort Ancient culture peoples, as well as such tribes as the Huron and Conoy . By right of conquest, the Iroquois, Lenape (Delaware), and Shawnee reserved the area as a hunting ground. They resisted European-American settlement during

682-503: A significant industrial region of the state since early in the 19th century. It is formed at the town of Gauley Bridge in northwestern Fayette County , approximately 35 mi (56 km) SE of Charleston , by the confluence of the New and Gauley rivers 2 mi upstream from Kanawha Falls . The waterfall is 24 ft high and has been a barrier to fish movement for more than 1 million years. The river flows generally northwest, in

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744-534: A total of four times in a 20-mile (32 km) stretch (twice west of Charleston, immediately before entering the downtown Charleston area, then approximately five miles [8.0 km] east of downtown Charleston in Kanawha City ). Between I-64's two junctions with I-77, I-64 and I-77 overlap. From the final crossing of the Kanawha River east of Charleston to their split at exit 40 south of Beckley,

806-739: A two-lane scenic byway, passing through hamlets such as Rainelle and Ansted . Between mileposts 129 and 133, also in Raleigh County, is the Phil G. McDonald Bridge , also known as the Glade Creek Bridge, a 2,179-foot-long (664 m) deck truss bridge, towering 700 feet (210 m) above the creekbed. The New River crossing is at milepost 137 on the Mary Draper Ingles Bridge, named after an American pioneer . The highway also traverses through

868-524: A wildlife refuge and marsh near milepost 154. Continuing improvements and new interchanges were discussed throughout the 1990s and 2000s. Exit 20, the main road to the Huntington Mall and its associated developments along with US 60 , was originally constructed as a diamond interchange that served Ona and US 60. The land surrounding the interchange was entirely rural and would not be developed until 1981 when Huntington Mall

930-483: A winding course on the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau , through Fayette, Kanawha , Putnam , and Mason counties, past the cities of Charleston and St. Albans , and numerous smaller communities. It joins the Ohio at Point Pleasant . An environmental overview and summary of natural and human factors affecting water quality in the watershed was published in 2000. Paleo-Indians , the earliest indigenous peoples , lived in

992-531: Is currently under reconstruction in a project very similar to the South Charleston expansion. The Nitro crossing will be twinned, with the new bridge carrying westbound traffic. The existing bridge will be demolished and rebuilt to carry eastbound traffic. The combined spans will carry six throughlanes, three in each direction, with two auxiliary lanes servicing the Nitro and St. Albans exits on each side of

1054-601: The Big Sandy River connecting Kentucky to West Virginia. That bridge was replaced in 2000 in a reconstruction effort that raised the bridge level and replaced deteriorating bridge girders. In 1966, the first Kanawha River crossing was completed with new Interstate mainlines extending from exit 44 near St. Albans to exit 50 at Institute under four contracts. This included three new interchanges: Nitro at milepost 45, Cross Lanes at milepost 47, and Institute at milepost 50. One year later, I-64

1116-549: The Fort Ancient culture peoples, who had villages that survived to the time of European contact, such as Buffalo and Marmet . They were driven out by Iroquois from present-day New York . According to French missionary reports, by the late 16th century, several thousand Huron , originally of the Great Lakes region, lived in central West Virginia. They were partially exterminated and their remnant driven out in

1178-580: The Kentucky state line, will take 30 years to complete at present funding levels and cost more than $ 325 million. The portion from the Charleston city limits to the Kentucky state line is signed as the "Cecil H. Underwood Freeway", named after the 25th and 32nd governor of West Virginia . The portion in the city limits of Charleston is signed as the "Nurse Veterans Highway". The portion from

1240-728: The Seneca nation and the United States established ten reservations. This formal treaty was signed on September 15, 1797. Lewis was granted a large tract of land near the mouth of the Great Kanawha River in the late 18th century. The Little Kanawha and the Great Kanawha rivers, the two largest in the state, were named for the American Indian tribe that lived in the area prior to European settlement in

1302-608: The 17th century by the Iroquois ' invading from western present-day New York. Other accounts note that the tribe known as Conois , Conoy, Canawesee , or Kanawha were conquered or driven out by the large Seneca tribe, one of the Iroquois Confederacy , as the Seneca boasted to Virginia colonial officials in 1744. The Iroquois and other tribes, such as the Shawnee and Delaware , maintained central West Virginia as

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1364-721: The 18th century. Under pressure from the Iroquois, most of the Conoy/Kanawha had migrated to present-day Virginia by 1634, where they had settled on the west side of the Chesapeake Bay and below the Potomac River . They were also known to the colonists there as the Piscataway . They later migrated north to Pennsylvania , to submit and seek protection with the Susquehannock and Iroquois. The spelling of

1426-467: The 48 contiguous United States. Each division is divided into provinces, there are 25 provinces in the United States. Each province is then divided into sections, creating 85 different physiographic sections in the United States. The Kanawha section is one of those 85 sections. The Kanawha section encompasses areas of Virginia, West Virginia, Pennsylvania, New York and Ohio. The two major cities in

1488-889: The Bluestone Lake. In addition to the New and Gauley River headwaters, the Kanawha is joined at Charleston by the Elk River , at St. Albans by the Coal River , and at Poca by the Pocatalico River . Major impoundments in the Kanawha River watershed include Claytor Lake and Bluestone Lake on the New River, Summersville Lake on the Gauley River, and Sutton Lake on the Elk River. Collectively, they have

1550-508: The Dunbar and MacCorkle avenue exits on each side of the bridge. The mainspan of the new eastbound structure, at 760 feet (230 m), is the longest box girder span in the US. With the completion of the new eastbound bridge and the rehabilitation of the existing bridge for westbound traffic, I-64 has at least six lanes from Charleston to Nitro. As of 2021 , the third Kanawha River crossing at Nitro

1612-547: The Elder-Beerman in the mall on January 31, 2016, and the space was split among Forever 21 , TJ Maxx , and HomeGoods . On August 6, 2019, Sears announced it would be closing its location at the mall in late October, while the auto center closed in late August. Later that year on October 2, 2019, Forever 21 announced that it would also be closing in late 2019 after filing for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy. On November 3, 2023 Dave & Buster's announced that it will be opening

1674-649: The I-77 junction at milepost 58.78. This three-level junction spans local streets and is the largest interchange in West Virginia with piers embedded in buildings, over water, and over nearby streets. This also included the viaduct over the Triangle District. In 1976, I-77/I-64 opened from exit 96 (milepost 95.87) to the northern terminus of the West Virginia Turnpike at milepost 99.12 (exit 99). The Interstate concurrency

1736-466: The I-77/I-64 interchange at exit 101 (I-77 milepost 101.64) and exit 96 (milepost 95.87). In 1974, I-64 opened to traffic from milepost 52.4, two miles (3.2 km) east of exit 50 at Institute to exit 55 (milepost 55.45). This included the construction of an interchange at milepost 54 for US 60 and WV 601 and a second Kanawha River span. When

1798-915: The Indian Old Fields of the valley of the South Branch of the Potomac; the Delaware were gone from the Monongahela; the Cherokee who claimed all the region between the Great Kanawha and Big Sandy, had never occupied it." quoting Virgil A. Lewis (1887), corresponding member of the Virginia Historical Society. The river's name changes to the Kanawha River at the Kanawha Falls . The Treaty of Big Tree between

1860-524: The US at $ 7.8 million per mile ($ 4.8 million/km; equivalent to $ 17.3 million per mile [$ 11 million/km] in 2023 ). It has some extremely rugged terrain, with one segment boasting a seven-percent grade downhill eastbound for seven miles (11 km) at Sandstone Mountain. Anticipating loss of braking situations, two emergency truck escape ramps were built to be used by runaway trucks. These emergency ramps were used with such frequency that, in addition to large warning signs alerting truckers to

1922-513: The Virginia state line at milepost 184.02. This included six interchanges: exit 161 for WV 12, exit 169 for US 219 and Lewisburg , exit 175 for US 60 for White Sulphur Springs , exit 181 for US 60 (westbound only), and exit 183 for WV 311 (eastbound only). It was extended westward to exit 156 (milepost 155.98) at Sam Black Church in 1973. The final segment of I-64 to be completed

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1984-559: The WVDOT. Many Interstate Highway spans are approaching the end of their useful life span, several nearing 40 years of age. One such span was in the Huntington–Ashland metropolitan area which showed significant signs of deterioration. The WV 10 /Hale Greer Boulevard crossings were approaching 40 years of life and decayed to the point where regular maintenance was needed. A three-by-three-foot (0.91 by 0.91 m) segment of

2046-458: The West Virginia Turnpike (I-77) near Beckley , rather than following the US ;60 alignment as initially proposed. From that point, I-64 was concurrent with the northern portion of an upgraded West Virginia Turnpike to reach the Charleston area. This section of I-64 is the only portion of the highway which is a toll road . In 1971, I-64 was completed from WV 12 (milepost 161.46) to

2108-633: The West Virginia Turnpike to the Virginia line is the Hulett Smith Freeway, named after the 27th governor of West Virginia . [REDACTED] Media related to Interstate 64 in West Virginia at Wikimedia Commons Kanawha River The Kanawha River ( / k ə ˈ n ɔː ə / kə- NAW -ə ) is a tributary of the Ohio River , approximately 97 mi (156 km) long, in the U.S. state of West Virginia . The largest inland waterway in West Virginia, its watershed has been

2170-679: The area from the 12,500 BC era. Peoples of later cultures continued to live along the valley and heights. Those of the Adena culture built at least 50 earthwork mounds and 10 enclosures in the area between Charleston and Dunbar , as identified by an 1882 to 1884 survey by the Bureau of Ethnology (later part of the Smithsonian Institution ). Three of their mounds survive in the valley, including Criel Mound at present-day South Charleston, West Virginia . Evidence has been found of

2232-470: The bridge. The project will also include new bridges over Rocky Step Road and McCloud Road and result in six throughlanes (three in each direction) from Charleston to the interchange with US 35 . Construction is scheduled to be completed in 2023. Other notable recent projects: The state's long-term construction forecast, for a six-lane Interstate from milepost 6 at West Huntington to Charleston and bridge replacements west of milepost 6 to

2294-537: The city and many residents were swimming in controversy over the proposed routes of the Interstate Highways. The long planned Interstates through West Virginia were either to run directly through the city center or to skirt it. The plan was to bring I-64 through the Triangle District, just west of the downtown center, an urban blight, where many of the city's Black population lived. Home to the city's highest crime rates where shootings daily were common; it

2356-414: The colonial years. Eventually the settlers took over by right of conquest . The watershed contains significant deposits of coal and natural gas . As of 1998, about 7 percent of the coal mined in the United States came from the Kanawha River watershed. A thriving chemical industry along the river banks provides a significant part of the local economy. In colonial times, the wildly fluctuating level of

2418-596: The completion of a major part of I-64. A lengthy segment opened from the Kentucky state line (milepost 0) to exit 15 at Barboursville . This consisted of four interchanges: Kenova and Ceredo at milepost 1, the West Huntington Expressway ( WV 94 , later US 52 ) at milepost 6, US 52 and downtown Huntington (later WV 152 / WV 527 ) at milepost 8, and Hal Greer Boulevard and WV 10 at milepost 10. Two steel-girder bridges were completed over

2480-645: The decision on the routing of I-64 through Charleston. By late 1971, however, the final decision was made to route the Interstate through the Triangle District. The Triangle Improvement Council fought the decision for the downtown routing and took its case to the US Supreme Court . They failed, however, as they had no basis for their case. Construction began in September 1971, cutting away parts of 14 mountains and demolishing over 1,000 homes on

2542-547: The first Sheetz gas station/convenience store in southern West Virginia. Huntington Mall has also averaged $ 375 million in retail trade, significantly increasing the tax revenue for Barboursville's budgets. Interstate 64 in West Virginia Interstate 64 ( I-64 ) is an Interstate Highway in the US state of West Virginia . It travels east–west through the state for 189 miles (304 km) passing by

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2604-546: The highway since the 1990s, mostly attributed to an increase in traffic on the overburdened Interstate Highway. This cable barrier system was extended to exit 28 at Milton in 2005, and future measures will ensure that the rest of the Interstate Highway system in West Virginia , where a depressed grassy median of similar width exists, will receive one. Aging roadbeds and bridges are of large concern to

2666-469: The major towns and cities of Huntington , Charleston , Beckley , and Lewisburg . I-64 travels for 189 miles (304 km) within the state of West Virginia , passing by the major cities of Huntington , Beckley , and Lewisburg and directly through the capital city of Charleston . It has only two major junctions within the state: I-77 in Charleston and in Beckley. It also crosses the Kanawha River

2728-411: The natural beauty and the isolation of the area. In 1969, Governor Arch A. Moore Jr. announced a delay in the construction of I-64 east of Charleston. He concluded that a study needed to be done on whether the highway should run parallel to US 60 east of Charleston. On March 28, 1974, Governor Moore concluded that I-64 would be routed from Sam Black Church almost due west to a junction with

2790-443: The river crossing was completed, it was one of the largest steel girder bridges in the US at the time. Also, I-77/I-64 opened from exit 100 (milepost 100.16) to exit 99 (milepost 99.12). In 1975, I-64 was completed to I-77 which included the US 119 Fort Hill interchange (exit 58A) at milepost 57.48. This segment also involved the construction of the third Kanawha River span, exits 58B and 58C and

2852-616: The river prevented its use for transportation. The removal of boulders and snags on the lower river in the 1840s allowed navigation, which was extended upriver by the construction of locks and dams by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers starting in 1875. By 1898 the project made the Kanawha the first fully controlled river navigation system in America. The river is now navigable for barge traffic to Deepwater , an unincorporated community about 20 miles (32 km) upriver from Charleston. Multiple West Virginia state record fish were caught along

2914-441: The second Dick's Sporting Goods in the state. In mid-2008, it was announced that Cinemark would open a new movie theater at the mall, replacing the vacated six-screen complex that closed in 2006 and an adjacent cafeteria (which use to be Picadilly Cafeteria). This new theater opened in early 2009. Borders Books closed in 2011, due to the company's bankruptcy. Books-A-Million later replaced it. Parent company The Bon-Ton closed

2976-416: The section are Pittsburgh, PA and Charleston, WV. "Ka(ih)nawha" derives from the region's Iroquoian dialects meaning "water way" or "canoe way" implying the metaphor, "transport way", in the local language. The glottal consonant of the "ih" (stream or river, local Iroquois) dropped out as settlers and homesteaders arrived. Some say that it comes from a Shawnee word that means "new water" or that its

3038-476: The south banks of the Kanawha River . WV 14 and other roads were relocated. The Fort Hill project, named so because of the mountain that lies near the massive US 119 interchange, became one of the largest earth-moving projects on the North American continent up to that point and one of the biggest changes that Charleston has ever known. In 1971, construction began for the connection between

3100-479: The steep grade, a special truck speed advisory system was installed to automatically weigh each truck and indicate the speed at which it should begin the downhill section. Even with careful adherence to reduced speeds for truckers, the journey from Charleston to Lewisburg is far quicker and far safer on I-64 than the older routing via US 60, much of which winds through the mountains as the Midland Trail ,

3162-666: The two Interstates are tolled, forming a part of the West Virginia Turnpike . While the two expressways overlap, the exit signs are those for I-77. Thus, eastbound travelers entering from Kentucky will see exit numbers increase until exit 60, at which time I-77's exit numbers are used, decreasing from exit 100. The first segment of I-64 in West Virginia to be let to construction was in Cabell County in 1957. This segment, from US Route 60 (US 60) at milepost 15 to Ona at milepost 20,

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3224-400: The valley and the heights by 10,000 BC as evidenced by archaeological artifacts such as Clovis points . A succession of prehistoric cultures developed, with the Adena culture beginning the construction of numerous skilled earthwork mounds and enclosures more than 2000 years ago. Some of the villages of the Fort Ancient culture survived into the times of European contact. The area was

3286-539: The westbound bridge collapsed in early 2002 after a harsh winter, for example, and this only highlighted the problems being experienced on the original I-64 spans. The two spans at WV 10 were replaced with a new wider crossing in 2009. In 2003, the demolition of the West Pea Ridge Road overpass began. The bridge, built in 1961, utilized steel girders that had become deteriorated over the years and were replaced with prestressed concrete beams. Construction

3348-515: The world, and nearly as many non-native species as natives. The Kanawha River lends its name to a major geological section of the Appalachian Highlands physiographic region of the United States called a physiographic region. A physiographic region is a large portion of land that is grouped by several factors. Each region has similar geology, topography, and groups of plants and animals. There are eight physiographic divisions in

3410-413: Was between Sam Black Church and the West Virginia Turnpike near Beckley. This revised Interstate alignment traverses through an entirely rural area with extremely rugged terrain. Opened in 1988, this final portion is 38 miles (61 km) long and cost approximately $ 300 million (equivalent to $ 667 million in 2023 ) to construct, making it one of the most expensive segments of Interstate Highway in

3472-453: Was completed in 1960. In 1962, a lengthy segment from exit 28 at Milton to just west of exit 44 was opened to traffic. This included exits 34 and 39. One year later, I-64 was completed to exit 44, serving originally West Virginia Route 17 (WV 17), now WV 817 near St. Albans . In 1964, an eight-mile (13 km) segment of the Interstate opened from exit 20 at Ona to exit 28 at Milton. 1965 saw

3534-468: Was completed in late 2004. The second Kanawha River crossing between Dunbar and South Charleston was twinned. The new bridge, carrying eastbound traffic, was finished in October ;2010. The old bridge was rehabilitated and converted to oneway traffic, with completion in October 2012. The combined bridges carry six throughlanes, three in each direction, with two auxiliary lanes to service

3596-522: Was completed. The diamond interchange configuration was reconstructed into a five-ramp partial cloverleaf interchange . Exit 20A served US 60 while exit 20B was for Huntington Mall. By 2001, development consumed both sides of the Interstate. On holiday shopping days, traffic would congest at the interchange and cause major backups on the Interstate. In 2001, the West Virginia Department of Transportation (WVDOT) constructed

3658-486: Was extended eastward to Dunbar at milepost 52.4 with a new interchange constructed at that location. For six years, the Interstate would end just outside Charleston's borders. Planning for the routing of I-64, as well as for I-77 and I-79 through Charleston , was embroiled in controversy since the 1950s. Several alignments were considered which included a northern arc around the Charleston metropolitan area ,

3720-632: Was one of an expedition: "18th. We surveyed 2,000 acres (8.1 km ) of Land for Col. Washington, bordered by Coal River & the Canawagh..." This area is the lower area of today's St. Albans, West Virginia . After the Treaty of Fort Stanwix , "The Kanawhas had gone from the upper tributaries of the river which bears their name, to join their kinsmen, the Iroquois in New York; the Shawnee had abandoned

3782-544: Was opened to traffic from exit 100 (milepost 100.16) to exit 101 (milepost 101.64). This completed the last segment of Interstate within Charleston city limits. The alignment of I-64 was to originally parallel US 60 from Charleston to the Virginia state line. This would go through environmentally sensitive areas such as Hawks Nest and the New River Gorge area and might have disrupted

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3844-452: Was referred to as the "Red Light District". Urban renewals in the past had failed. Residents living in the Triangle District formed committees and rebelled. They called the highway routing foolish because it wanted to make Charleston just another exit on an endless ribbon of concrete and that it was racist because the Black population would bear the brunt of the relocation. Federal transportation secretary John A. Volpe stalled for months at

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