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20-493: In 1395, the province was organized as Punghae ( 풍해도 ; 豐海道 ; Punghae-do ). In 1417, the province was renamed Hwanghae. The name derived from the names of the two principal cities of Hwangju ( 황주 ; 黃州 ) and Haeju (해주 ; 海州 ). In 1895, the province was reorganized into the Districts of Haeju ( 해주부 ; 海州府 ; Haeju-bu ) in the west and Gaeseong ( 개성부 ; 開城府 ; Gaeseong-bu ) in

40-785: Is a circle of latitude that is 38 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane . It crosses Europe , the Mediterranean Sea , Asia , the Pacific Ocean , North America , and the Atlantic Ocean . The 38th parallel north formed the border between North and South Korea prior to the Korean War . At this latitude, the Sun is visible for 14 hours, 48 minutes during the summer solstice and 9 hours, 32 minutes during

60-576: The Eight Provinces . In 1895, as part of the Gabo Reform , the country was redivided into 23 districts ( Bu; 부; 府 ), which were replaced a year later by thirteen new provinces. The thirteen provinces of 1896 included three of the original eight provinces, with the five remaining original provinces divided into north and south halves ( Bukdo (북도; 北道 ) and Namdo (남도; 南道 ) respectively). The thirteen provinces remained unchanged throughout

80-865: The Japanese colonial period . With the liberation of Korea in 1945, the Korean peninsula was divided into North Korea and South Korea , with the dividing line established along the 38th parallel . As a result, three provinces— Hwanghae , Gyeonggi , and Gangwon (Kangwŏn)—were divided into North Korea and South Korea in today's era. The special cities of Seoul (South Korea) and P'yŏngyang (North Korea) were formed in 1946. Between 1946 and 1954, five new provinces were created: Jeju in South Korea, and North and South Hwanghae , Chagang , and Ryanggang in North Korea. Since 1954, provincial boundaries in both

100-654: The winter solstice . Starting at the Prime Meridian heading eastward, the 38th parallel north passes through: Japan had ruled the Korean Peninsula between 1910 and 1945. When Japan surrendered in August 1945, the 38th parallel was established as the boundary between Soviet and American occupation zones . This parallel divided the Korean peninsula roughly in the middle. In 1948, this parallel became

120-403: The 10th century, twelve divisions called mok ( 목 ; 牧 ) were established, although they were reorganized into ten do ( 도 ; 道 ) in the 11th century. After Joseon 's conquest of Goryeo, it reorganized the peninsula into eight do in 1413. The provincial boundaries closely reflected major regional and dialect boundaries, and are still often referred to in Korean today simply as

140-450: The 38th parallel. Also in 1946, the cities of Seoul in the south and Pyongyang in the north separated from Gyeonggi and South Pyongan Provinces respectively to become Special Cities. Both North Korea and South Korea have subsequently upgraded other cities to a level equal to a province, and these cities ( special cities of North Korea and special cities of South Korea [ qq.v. ]) are sometimes counted along with provinces. Finally,

160-577: The North and South have remained unchanged but new cities and special administrative regions have been created. The Korean peninsula was mostly unified for the first time by the state Silla in the 7th century. Silla's capital was Geumseong (now Gyeongju ). It had five sub-capitals ( 소경 ; 小京 ; sogyeong ) at Geumgwan-gyeong ( 금관경 , now Gimhae ), Namwon-gyeong (남원경, Namwon ), Seowon-gyeong ( 서원경 , Cheongju ), Jungwon-gyeong ( 중원경 , Chungju ), and Bugwon-gyeong ( 북원경 , Wonju ). The country

180-476: The North to return its troops to behind the 38th parallel, commencing the Korean War with United Nations troops (mostly American) helping South Korean troops to defend South Korea. After the Armistice agreement was signed on July 27, 1953, a new line was established to separate North Korea and South Korea. This Military Demarcation Line is surrounded by a Demilitarized Zone . The demarcation line crosses

200-467: The adjacent offshore islands (the largest of which is Baengnyeongdo ). As a result, the mainland portion reverted to North Korean control, while the islands remained a part of South Korea. (Since 1999, North Korea has claimed a more southerly Maritime Military Demarcation Line , which would make the islands a part of North Korea as well. Disputes between North and South Korean naval vessels often occur in this area.) In 1954, North Korea's Hwanghae Province

220-754: The boundary between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea ( North Korea ) and the Republic of Korea ( South Korea ), both of which claim to be the government of the whole of Korea. On 25 June 1950, after a series of cross-border raids and gunfire from both the Northern and the Southern sides, the North Korean Army crossed the 38th parallel and invaded South Korea. This sparked United Nations Security Council Resolution 82 which called for

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240-538: The country had one royal district ( 기내 ; 畿內 ; ginae ) around Gaegyeong and twelve administrative districts ( 목 ; 牧 ; mok ). In 995, the twelve districts were redivided into ten provinces ( 도 ; 道 ; do ). In 1005, the ten provinces were again redivided, this time into five provinces and two frontier districts ( 계 ; 界 ; gye ). Gyojudo later became its own province after 1178, making it six provinces and two frontier districts. In 1413, Korea (at that time called Joseon)

260-430: The east, but in 1896, a new system of thirteen provinces was established, and Hwanghae Province was reconstituted. In 1945, Korea was divided into Soviet and American zones of occupation, north and south respectively of the 38th parallel . The southernmost part of Hwanghae (around the towns of Ongjin and Yonan County ) was cut off from the rest of the province by the dividing line and joined Gyeonggi Province in

280-545: The new provinces of Jeju Province (in the south, in 1946) and Chagang Province (in the north, 1949) were formed, from parts of South Jeolla and North Pyongan respectively. In 1954, Ryanggang Province was split from South Hamgyong and Hwanghae was divided into North and South Hwanghae Provinces . The following table lists the present provincial divisions in the Korean Peninsula . 38th parallel north Download coordinates as: The 38th parallel north

300-593: The same, only taking on the Japanese reading of the hanja . The Provinces of Chōsen were: At the end of World War II in 1945, Korea was divided into Northern Korea and Southern Korea under trusteeship of the Soviet Union and the United States . The peninsula was divided at the 38th parallel in 1945. In 1948, the two zones became the independent countries of North Korea and South Korea . Three provinces—Hwanghae, Gyeonggi, and Gangwon—were divided by

320-487: The southern half of the country. In 1948, Hwanghae and Gyeonggi Provinces became parts of the new countries of North and South Korea respectively. In 1953, at the end of the Korean War , the Northern Limit Line was established, which marked the maritime boundary between North and South Korea. The line runs between the mainland portion of Gyeonggi Province that had been part of Hwanghae before 1945, and

340-729: Was divided into North and South Hwanghae Provinces . Hwanghae was bounded by Pyeongan Province (after 1896 South Pyeongan ) on the north, Gangwon Province on the east, Gyeonggi Province on the south, and the Yellow Sea on the west. Provinces of Korea#Districts of Late Joseon Korea has had administrative districts that can be considered provinces since the 7th century. These divisions were initially called ju ( Korean :  주 ; Hanja :  州 ) in Unified Silla and Later Baekje , and there were nine in total. After Goryeo conquered these states in

360-401: Was divided into eight provinces: Chungcheong , Gangwon , Gyeonggi , Gyeongsang , Jeolla , Hamgyŏng (originally called Yeonggil), Hwanghae (originally called P'unghae), and P'yŏngan . In 1895, Korea was redivided into 23 districts ( Bu; 부; 府 ), each named for the city or county that was its capital. The districts were short-lived, however, as the following year, the provincial system

380-556: Was divided into nine provinces ( 주 ; ju ): three in the pre-660 territory of Silla, and three each in the territories of the former kingdoms Baekje and Goguryeo . Goryeo was established in the 10th century, and had its capital at Gaegyeong (now Kaesong ). It conquered Silla and Later Baekje , and also conquered parts of the former territory of Goguryeo . Goryeo had three subcapitals: Donggyeong (now Gyeongju ), Namgyeong (now Seoul ), and Seogyeong (now Pyongyang ). Goryeo reorganized its provinces several times. Originally,

400-699: Was restored. In 1896, the former eight provinces were restored, with five of them (Chungcheong, Gyeongsang, Jeolla, Hamgyŏng, and P'yŏngan) being divided into North and South Provinces ( Bukdo (북도; 北道 ) and Namdo (남도; 南道 ) respectively). The resulting system of thirteen provinces lasted until the Division of Korea in 1945. The thirteen provinces were: North and South Chungcheong , Gangwon , Gyeonggi , North and South Gyeongsang , North and South Hamgyŏng , Hwanghae , North and South Jeolla , and North and South P'yŏngan . Under Colonial Japanese rule , Korean provinces of Korean Empire , remained much

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