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19-523: At an elevation of 1,690 metres (5,540 ft) above sea level, the peak of Hårteigen rises 480 metres (1,570 ft) above the surrounding plateau which is fairly level. It is located about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northeast of the town of Odda . The first element is from the Old Norse word hárr which means ' grey ' and the last element is related to the German verb zeigen which means 'show'. On

38-429: A World Heritage Site is the fact that here in an internationally unique way the physical remains of an early chemical production process are still present. On 1 January 2020, Odda Municipality (of which the town of Odda was part) was merged into the newly enlarged Ullensvang Municipality . The town of Odda grew up around this smelter in the early-twentieth century, drawing migrants from different parts of Norway. As

57-846: A number of linguists have recently argued that language change lies with the individual. Linguist Paul Kerswill identifies two types of koinés, namely, regional and immigrant: Kerswill also examined the Norwegian dialects that emerged in two towns around smelters built at the head of the Sørfjord branch of the Hardangerfjord in the mid-20th century. Both towns, Odda and Tyssedal , drew migrants from different parts of Norway. The workers in Odda came predominantly (86%) from western Norway . In Tyssedal, only about one third came from western Norway, another third came from eastern Norway and

76-489: A population (2019) of 4,876 and a population density of 1,729 inhabitants per square kilometre (4,480/sq mi). The town also includes the Eitrheim area, just northwest of the town centre. Odda Church is located in the town centre. Norwegian National Road 13 is the main road going through the town. Odda has been populated for centuries, but in the 19th century, Odda became a significant tourist destination, and it

95-456: A result of the contact, mixing, and often simplification of two or more mutually intelligible varieties of the same language. As speakers already understood one another before the advent of the koiné, the process of koineization is not as drastic as pidginization and creolization . Unlike pidginization and creolization, there is often no prestige dialect target involved in koineization. The normal influence between neighbouring dialects

114-659: A result, there developed a new dialect, a mixture of that spoken in the home regions of the migrants—a phenomenon termed by linguists "a Koiné language ". Odda and the neighboring village of Tyssedal provided valuable insights to linguists studying this phenomenon. The researcher Paul Kerswill conducted an intensive study of the Norwegian spoken in the two communities, relating them to very different geographical origins: The workers in Odda came predominantly (86%) from western Norway. In Tyssedal only about one third came from western Norway; one third came from eastern Norway; and

133-545: Is a modern town which grew up around smelters built at the head of the Sørfjorden branch of the main Hardangerfjorden in the mid-twentieth century, drawing migrants from different parts of Norway. The carbide production and the subsequent production of cyanamide was started in 1908 after the hydroelectric power plant was built in nearby Tyssedal . The power plant provided the necessary electricity for

152-517: Is a particular case of dialect contact, and it typically occurs in new settlements , to which people have migrated from different parts of a single language area. Koineization typically takes two or three generations to complete, but it can be achievable within the first generation. Language variation is systematic in that it can be related to social divisions within a community, such as class and gender . Change can be shown to originate with particular social groups based on those divisions. However,

171-473: Is not regarded as koineization. A koiné variety emerges as a new spoken variety in addition to the originating dialects. It does not change any existing dialect, which distinguishes koineization from the normal evolution of dialects. While similar to zonal auxiliary languages , koiné languages arise naturally, rather than being constructed. The term koine , meaning "common" in Greek, was first used to refer to

190-476: The arc furnaces . The plant was the largest in the world and remained operational until 2003 when the plant was closed and sold to Philipp Brothers Chemicals Inc. The Norwegian government tried to get the site recognized together with other industrial plants as a UNESCO World Heritage Site . In 2010, an international report stated: What makes Odda smelteverk so important and central to the application of Norway’s hydro power sites and pioneer chemical industry as

209-421: The contributing dialects, socio-political contexts in which the new dialect develops, and individual networks of adults involved in the accommodation process. Additionally, both Trudgill and Mesthrie also comment on the process of reallocation in which features that have been retained from contributing dialects take on new meanings or functions within the new dialect. Trudgill posits a multigenerational model of

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228-488: The development of a koine. During the first (immigrant) generation , the speakers of the contributing dialects mix, and there is some levelling. The first native-born generation of speakers continues the leveling process. However, in the instances that Trudgill was able to document (such as first-generation speakers of Tyssedal and Odda dialects of Norwegian), the speech of that generation still reflected considerable variability in use of marked forms, both between speakers and in

247-606: The form of Greek used as a lingua franca during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. It arose as a mixed vernacular among ordinary people in the Peiraieus , the seaport of Athens , which was inhabited by Greeks from different parts of the Mediterranean . Koineization brings new dialect varieties about as a result of contact between speakers of mutually intelligible varieties of that language . Koineization

266-529: The large and flat plateau of Hardangervidda this mountain was important for travellers to find the direction. This article about a mountain, mountain range, or peak in Vestland is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Odda (town) Odda is a town in Ullensvang Municipality in Vestland county, Norway . The town is the administrative centre of

285-414: The municipality and the largest urban area in the whole Hardanger district. The town is located at the southern end of the Sørfjorden , in a narrow valley between towering mountains and the lake Sandvinvatnet to the south. The large Folgefonna glacier lies just west of Odda, high up in the mountains. The village of Odda was declared a " town " in 2004. The 2.82-square-kilometre (700-acre) town has

304-405: The other third from other parts of the country. The dialects that evolved in both towns were thus very different from each other. Peter Trudgill sees three processes in operation during what Mesthrie calls the accommodation period: mixing, levelling and simplification. The processes of levelling and simplification are both dependent on a wide range of factors, including the relative prestige of

323-431: The repertoire of individual speakers. It is the third generation that focuses the variations and stabilizes the dialect. Trudgill admits cases in which the focusing takes place in the first generation of native-born speakers and also instances that might be only in the fourth or even later generations. The dialect in its emerging state, a state marked by the heterogeneity of forms, is called by Trudgill an interdialect and

342-441: The rest from other parts of the country. The dialects that evolved in these two communities were radically different from each other, though spoken at a short geographical distance from each other. Koin%C3%A9 language In linguistics , a koine or koiné language or dialect (pronounced / ˈ k ɔɪ n eɪ / ; from Ancient Greek κοινή  'common') is a standard or common dialect that has arisen as

361-524: Was the centre of Odda Municipality . Visits ranged from English pioneers around 1830 to German Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II , who visited Odda every year between 1891 and 1914. This led to the construction of several hotels in the town. Some of the main tourist attractions around Odda include the Buarbreen glacier, the nearby Folgefonna glacier, and the Hardangervidda plateau. The present Odda

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