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78-581: IMT Atlantique offers a unique generalist engineering diploma. Students from Grandes Écoles preparatory classes may apply through the Concours Commun Mines-Ponts competitive entry exam. IMT Atlantique is one of the applied schools of the École Polytechnique . Despite its small size (less than 2000 students), the university is consistently ranked high in both domestic and international rankings. The École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne (Télécom Bretagne) , which

156-485: A grande école . National rankings are published every year by various magazines. While the rankings slightly vary from year to year, the top grandes écoles have been very stable for decades: Private higher education in France is made possible by the fundamental principle of freedom of education. The Laboulaye Law of 12 July 1875, repealed in 2000, on the freedom of higher education stipulated that "higher education

234-583: A Greek word, this spelling initially being a literary prépa joke). The so-called "colles" are unique to the French academic education in CPGEs. They consist of oral examinations twice a week, in maths, physics, chemistry, biology and earth sciences (in BCPST classes), French and a foreign language, usually English, German or Spanish. Students, alone or in groups (generally three people), spend 20 minutes to an hour facing

312-417: A commentary. The student then has 20 minutes to present part of their prepared work to the teacher, who ends the session by asking some questions on the presentation and on the corresponding topic. "Khôlles" are important as they prepare the students, from the very first year, for the oral part of the competitive examination. They are also useful to make sure they learn and understand lessons by testing them on

390-518: A full 2nd or 3rd year degree upon graduation for CPGE students who perform well, especially in literary prépas ("khâgne"). Most of the students in these classes receive part of their education at a public university, so that the teachers' council can deliver them the corresponding grade in one or two disciplines at the end of the year (only up to a bachelor's degree for 3 years of CPGE). CPGE exist in three different fields of study: science & engineering, business, and humanities. All CPGE programs have

468-670: A given cohort is admitted to a prépa . CPGEs are usually located within high schools but are a part of tertiary education, which means that to be admitted, each student must have already successfully passed their Baccalauréat (or equivalent). Most CPGE receive applications from hundreds of applicants every year in April and May, and then selects students based on their own criteria. A few mainly private CPGEs, accounting for 10% of CPGEs, also have an interview process and ‘ or expect student participation in local community initiatives. The ratio of CPGE students who fail to enter any grande école

546-411: A high school diploma, students from CPGE have to take national competitive exams to be allowed to enroll in one of the grandes écoles . These grandes écoles are higher education establishments (graduate schools) delivering master's degrees and rarely doctorates. They include science and engineering schools , business schools , the four veterinary colleges, the four écoles normales supérieures and

624-435: A master's degree (in 5 years) for about €750–3,500. For other international students, these fees range from 2,770 to 3,770 euros. Students from low-income families can apply for scholarships, paying nominal sums for tuition or textbooks, and can receive a monthly stipend of up to €450 per month. The tuition in public engineering schools is comparable to universities but a little higher (around €700). However, it can reach €7,000

702-479: A more-or-less broad spectrum of areas. A middle-sized French city, such as Grenoble or Nancy , may have 2 or 3 universities (focused on science, sociological studies, engineering, etc.) as well as a number of other establishments specialised in higher education. In Paris and its suburbs, there are currently 11 universities (there were 13 from 1970 to 2017), none of which is specialised in one area or another, plus many smaller institutions that are highly specialised. It

780-474: A nominal duration of two years, but the second year is sometimes repeated once. The oldest CPGEs are the scientific ones, which can be accessed only Bacheliers having followed scientific courses during lycée . The different tracks are the following: The classes that especially train students for admission to the top schools, such as Écoles Normales Supérieures , École polytechnique and some other, have an asterisk added to their name. For example, MP* ,

858-446: A professor in a room, answering questions and solving problems. Similarly, in "ECE/ECS classes", students generally undergo 2 khôlles a week, each subject being regularly tested. Weekly exams often happen on Saturday mornings and last 3 to 4 hours, depending on the subject being tested. In "hypokhâgne/khâgne", the system of "colles" is a bit different. They are taken every quarter in every subject. Students usually have one hour to prepare

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936-759: A reform, the Bologna process , which aims at creating European standards for university studies, most notably a similar time-frame everywhere, with three years devoted to the bachelor's degree (" Licence " in French), two for the Master's degree , and three for the doctorate. French universities have also adopted the ECTS credit system (for example, a licence is worth 180 credits). The traditional curriculum based on end of semester examinations tends to remain in place in some universities. That double standard has added complexity to

1014-457: A regular basis. A student (in a scientific CPGE) who repeats the second year obtains the status of cinq demis ("five halves"). They were only trois demis ("three halves") during their first second-year and un demi ("one half") in the first year. The explanation behind these names is that the most coveted engineering school is the École polytechnique , nicknamed the "X" (as the mathematical unknown). A student who enrolls in (the word for which

1092-474: A short presentation that takes the form of a French-style dissertation (a methodologically codified essay, typically structured in three parts: thesis, counter-thesis, and synthesis) in history, philosophy, etc. on a given topic, or that of a commentaire composé (a methodologically codified commentary) in literature and foreign languages; as for the Ancient Greek or Latin, they involve a translation and

1170-410: A single teacher (or two) who teaches the entire curriculum, without specialist teachers. After kindergarten, the young students move on to the école élémentaire (elementary school). In the first 3 years of elementary school, they learn to write, develop their reading skills and get some basics in subjects such as French, mathematics, science and the arts, to name a few. The French word for a teacher at

1248-457: A student's involvement in the community. In June 2007, 534,300 students passed the "Baccalauréat", and 40,000 (7.5%) of them were admitted to CPGE. On a given class at one of the prep schools listed above, around 1500 application files will be examined for only 40 places. Students are selected according to their grades in High school and the first part of "Baccalauréat" (equivalent to A-levels in

1326-694: A synonym of "cinq-demi", and a few turn to bicarrés for a third and final second year. Some ambitious professors encourage their top students to avoid or postpone admittance to other prestigious schools in order to try to get a better school. Education in France Education in France is organized in a highly centralized manner, with many subdivisions. It is divided into the three stages of primary education ( enseignement primaire ), secondary education ( enseignement secondaire ), and higher education ( enseignement supérieur ). Two year olds do not start primary school, they start preschool. Then, by

1404-420: A system. It is difficult to change a major during undergraduate studies without losing a semester or even a whole year. Students usually also have few course selection options once they enroll in a particular diploma. There are about 4,000 Master programmes offered in the French university system (listed at trouvermonmaster.gouv.fr ), and 17,000 undergraduate programmes (offered by Parcoursup ). There are also

1482-680: A weight lifting room and a dance studio), restaurant, student residence, enough housing for all students (twelve buildings), an incubator and an astronomical observatory. The 13.15 hectare campus is situated on the Erdre riverbank in the Atlanpole technology hub, on the Chantrerie campus near other higher learning institutions (Oniris, École supérieure du bois, Polytech Nantes, École de design Nantes Atlantique). It consists of school buildings, sports facilities (gymnasiums, stadiums, tennis courts, and

1560-631: A weight lifting room), restaurant, student residence, enough housing for all students (six buildings), and an academic incubator. The school also has student accommodation in the town center. The Rennes campus is located in Cesson-Sévigné within Rennes Atalante near the research and development centers of major companies (Orange, Technicolor) and innovative SME/SMIs in fields such as image, networks, connected objects and cyber security (Acklio, Broadpeak, Enensys, NexGuard, Kerlink) along with

1638-547: A year and covers most of the medical expenses. Some public schools have other ways of gaining money. Some do not receive funds for class trips and other extra activities and so those schools may ask for a small entrance fee for new students. The public universities in France are named after the major cities near which they are located, followed by a numeral if there are several. Paris, for example, has 13 universities, labelled Paris I to XIII. Some of them are in Paris itself, some in

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1716-406: A year for private engineering schools. Private business schools typically charge up to €12,000 a year for Bachelor programmes and up to €24,000 for Master programmes, while some elite institutions may charge €40,000 and more. Health insurance for students is free until the age of 20 and so only the costs of living and books must be added. After the age of 20, health insurance for students costs €200

1794-490: Is "integrates" in French) this school after the second year of preparatory class is traditionally called a "3/2" because this is the value of the integral of x from 1 to 2. ∫ 1 2 x d x   = 2 2 2 − 1 2 2 = 3 2 {\displaystyle \int _{1}^{2}\!x\,\mathrm {d} x\ ={\frac {2^{2}}{2}}-{\frac {1^{2}}{2}}={\frac {3}{2}}} The same idea

1872-522: Is a member of seven industrial chairs: It is also a member of two academic chairs: Lastly, it is also a member of 7 joint laboratories: The Brest campus, located in Plouzané on the sea coast, is part of the Brest-Iroise technology hub, on 59.65 acres, near other higher learning institutions (ENIB and ESIAB). It consists of school buildings, sports facilities (gymnasiums, stadiums, tennis courts,

1950-471: Is awarded once 180 ECTS have been obtained; a master is awarded once 120 additional credits have been obtained. Licence and master's degrees are offered within specific domaines and carry a specific mention . Spécialités , which are either research-oriented or professionally oriented during the second year of the Master. There are also professional licences whose objective is immediate job integration. It

2028-606: Is best known for the invention of the turbo code and the iterative decoding concept , was established in 1977 and the École Nationale Supérieure des Techniques Industrielles et des Mines de Nantes was established in 1991. In 2009 it came under the administrative supervision of the General Council for the Economy, Industry, Energy and Technologies. In 2012 the Institut Mines-Télécom was created, merging

2106-578: Is divided into two different branches, known as "Chartes A", with an emphasis on medieval history and ancient languages, and "Chartes B", with an emphasis on contemporary history. The followed curricula vary from year 1 to year 2: The CPGE Chartes curricula are specifically tailored to prepare students for the entrance exam of the Ecole Nationale des Chartes , but students can also apply to CELSA and several Instituts d'études politiques . Those CPGEs, which are focused on economics (which prepare

2184-602: Is free", albeit with a few conditions to be met: declaration to the State ;; administrators and professors who have not been convicted ; annual publication of corporate accounts. In France, there are two main categories of private higher education colleges and universities: Since 2018, a public university can integrate not only public faculties, but also private colleges (which have EESPIG accreditation, which means of general interest) as part of an experimental public-private partnership. Voices have been raised in

2262-592: Is not uncommon for graduate teaching programmes (master's degrees, the course part of doctorate programmes etc.) to be operated in common by several institutions, allowing the institutions to present a larger variety of courses. In engineering schools and the professional degrees of universities, a large share of the teaching staff is often made up of non-permanent professors; instead, part-time professors are hired to teach one specific subject. Part-time professors are generally hired from neighbouring universities, research institutes or industries. Another original feature of

2340-542: Is one of the official languages, offers an English-medium curriculum other than the country's national curriculum and is international in its orientation." That definition is used by publications including The Economist . France has its own international school regulator, the AEFE (Agence pour l'enseignement français à l'étranger). Higher education in France is organized in three levels, which correspond to those of other European countries, facilitating international mobility:

2418-494: Is possible to return to school later by continuing education or to validate professional experience (through VAE, Validation des Acquis de l’Expérience ). Higher education in France is divided between grandes écoles and public universities. The grandes écoles admit the graduates of the level Baccalauréat + 2 years of validated study (or sometimes directly after the Baccalauréat ) whereas universities admit all graduates of

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2496-510: Is ranked between 350-400 by THE (Times Higher Education) Ranking in the World, with Engineering ranked [126-150]. By subjects, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at IMT Atlantique are ranked 98 and [151-200] respectively by the 2023 QS Ranking. Lastly, the school integrated the top 5% of the Webometrics ranking list, which evaluates an institution's influence through its presence on

2574-556: Is set by the Ministry of National Education and applies to most collèges in France and also to AEFE-dependent institutions. Académies and individual schools have little freedom in the State curriculum. Class sizes vary from school to school, but usually range from 20 to 35 pupils. After primary school, two educational stages follow: Primary and secondary private schools in France are divided into two categories: As of January 2015,

2652-514: Is slight, and many prépas have mixed classes with many students preparing for both ENS (or even the three for students specialising in English). Khâgneux can apply to many grandes écoles , other high schools and all universities, among which are the following: Similar but distinct to Khâgne, the Classe préparatoire à l'École des chartes is the second literary and humanities CPGE. This prépa

2730-1073: Is standardized throughout the country and is the sole domain of the ministry. In May, schools need time to organize exams (for example, the baccalauréat ). Outside Metropolitan France, the school calendar is set by the local recteur . Major holiday breaks are as follows: Most parents start sending their children to preschool ( maternelle ) when they turn 3. Some even start earlier at age 2 in toute petite section (" TPS "). The first two years of preschool (TPS and petite section " PS ") are introductions to community living; children learn how to become students and are introduced to their first notions of arithmetic, begin to recognize letters, develop oral language, etc. The last two years of preschool, moyenne section and grande section, are more school-like; pupils are introduced to reading , writing and more mathematics. A preschool can be stand-alone (mostly true in towns and cities) or be affiliated to an elementary school (mostly in villages). As in other educational systems, primary school students in France usually have

2808-495: Is the Bulletin officiel de l'éducation nationale, de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche (B.O.) , which lists all current programmes and teaching directives. It is amended multiple times each year. Since 2021, schooling is mandatory and families may only provide teaching outside of a school in exceptional circumstances: In Metropolitan France , the school year runs from early September to early July. The school calendar

2886-652: Is usually called MP étoile ("MP star") (except for the BCPST2 and TB2 classes, which don't make this disctinction). Both the first and second year programmes include as much as ten to twelve hours of mathematics teaching per week, ten hours of physics, two hours of literature and philosophy, two to four hours of (one or two) foreign language(s) teaching and two to eight hours of minor options: either SI, engineering industrial science, chemistry or theoretical computer science, biology-geology, biotechnologies. Added to this are several hours of homework, which can amount to as much as

2964-591: Is valid for cinq demis : the integral of x from 2 to 3 is "5/2". ∫ 2 3 x d x   = 3 2 2 − 2 2 2 = 5 2 {\displaystyle \int _{2}^{3}\!x\,\mathrm {d} x\ ={\frac {3^{2}}{2}}-{\frac {2^{2}}{2}}={\frac {5}{2}}} Students in their first year of literary and business CPGEs are called bizuths and, in their second year, carrés ("squares"). Students enrolled in their "second" second year are also called "cubes" or "khübes", it being

3042-611: Is very similar to a Bachelor of Applied Science . France also hosts rare catholic universities recognized by the French Government as "free" private colleges ( Facultés Libres ), the largest one being the Catholic University of Lille , as well branch colleges of foreign universities. They include Baruch College , the University of London Institute in Paris , Parsons Paris School of Art and Design and

3120-593: The Titre ) by the public vocational training agency France Compétences , under the authority of the French Ministry of Labor. Preparatory classes (in French " classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles " or CPGE), widely known as prépas , are courses whose main goal is to prepare students for enrollment in a grande école . Admission to CPGEs is based on academic performance during the last two years of high school, called Première and Terminale . Only 5% of

3198-953: The École Nationale des Chartes but do not include medical or law schools, nor architecture schools. Because of the competitive entrance exams, having attended one of the grandes écoles is often regarded as a status symbol , as they have traditionally produced most of France's scientists, executives and intellectuals ( Écoles Normales Supérieures , École Polytechnique , Écoles des Mines , École nationale des ponts et chaussées , Télécom Paris , Écoles Centrales , Arts et Métiers ParisTech , European School of Chemistry, Polymers and Materials Science (ECPM) , INSA Hauts-de-France , HEC Paris , ESSEC Business School , ESCP Business School , Audencia Business School , NEOMA Business School , Emlyon Business School , EDHEC Business School , SKEMA Business School , Toulouse Business School , ...). Hence, there are three kinds of different prépas : scientific, economic and literary CPGE . Each of them prepare to pass

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3276-472: The American University of Paris . The grandes écoles of France are elite higher-education institutions. They are generally focused on a single subject area (e.g., engineering or business), have a small size (typically between 100 and 300 graduates per year), and are highly selective. They are widely regarded as prestigious, and most of France's scientists and executives have graduated from

3354-468: The Baccalauréat . Higher education in France was reshaped by the student revolts of May 1968 . During the 1960s, French public universities responded to a massive explosion in the number of students (280,000 in 1962–63 to 500,000 in 1967–68) by stuffing approximately one-third of their students into hastily developed campus annexes (roughly equivalent to American satellite campuses ) which lacked decent amenities, resident professors, academic traditions, or

3432-625: The French post-secondary education system. They consist of two years of study (extendable to three or exceptionally four years) which act as an intensive preparatory course (or cram school ) with the main goal of training students for enrolment in one of the grandes écoles . The workload is one of the highest in Europe (29 to 45 contact hours a week, with up to 10 hours of guided tutorials and oral exam sessions). Unlike most students in France who enroll in public universities directly after receiving

3510-575: The Licence and Licence Professionnelle ( bachelor's degrees ), and the Master's and Doctorat degrees. The Licence and the Master are organized in semesters: 6 for the Licence and 4 for the Master. Those levels of study include various "parcours" or paths based on UE (Unités d'enseignement or Modules), each worth a defined number of European credits (ECTS). A student accumulates those credits, which are generally transferable between paths. A licence

3588-902: The Lycée Saint-Louis (these three are known as les trois lycées de la montagne ), the Lycée Hoche , the Lycée Pierre-de-Fermat , the Lycée Pasteur , the Lycée Stanislas and the Lycée privé Sainte-Geneviève . The CPGE are located within high schools for historical reasons ( Napoleon created them at first as fourth to sixth year of high school) but pertain to tertiary education, which means that each student must have successfully passed their baccalauréat (or equivalent) to be admitted to CPGE. Moreover,

3666-613: The OECD in 2018 ranked the overall knowledge and skills of French 15-year-olds as 26th in the world in reading literacy, mathematics, and science, below the OECD average of 493. The average OECD performance of French 15-year-olds in science and mathematics has declined, with the share of low performers in reading, mathematics and science developing a sharp upward trend. France's share of top performers in mathematics and science has also declined. France's performance in mathematics and science at

3744-528: The Third Republic repealed most of the Falloux Laws of 1850–1851, which gave an important role to the clergy. The French curriculum predominantly emphasized the works of French writers of European descent. Ferry and others considered literature the glue of French identity. The ethnic and cultural demographics of the student body did not factor in to the quest to transmit a "common culture" to

3822-742: The maths sup , or hypotaupe (sup for "classe de mathématiques supérieures", superior in French, meaning post-high school), and second year maths spé , or taupe, (spés for "classe de mathématiques spéciales", special in French). The students of these classes are called taupins , which is a French word for "mole", referring to the lifestyle of students in classes preparatoires whose workload obliges them to spend most of their time studying instead of going out to enjoy social life. There are unique entrance exams for each school, but there are also common exams, grouping several engineering schools, designed for students in preparatory science classes. Across all streams, students in preparatory science classes can register for

3900-442: The ministère the largest employer in the country. professors and researchers in France's universities are also employed by the state. At the primary and secondary levels, the curriculum is the same for all French students in any given grade, which includes public, semi-public and subsidised institutions. However, there exist specialised sections and a variety of options that students can choose. The reference for all French educators

3978-602: The "ECS" section. The same applies to the "ECE" section, the difference being that students study for 8 hours Economics and Sociology with a historical focus instead of geopolitics. There is also the D1 and D2 CPGE, also known as ENS Cachan CPGE: D1 and D2 are very rare but offer a complete and multidisciplinary training. The amount of work required from the students is exceptionally high. In addition to class time and homework, students spend several hours each week completing exams and colles (very often written "khôlles" to look like

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4056-428: The "hypokhâgneux" and the "khâgneux". These classes prepare for the entrance exam of the elite schools called Écoles Normales Supérieures , which are considered among the most difficult exams of the French system. Nevertheless, the students can now also apply for many other entrance exams. There are three types of Khâgne : Now, the grouping of many examinations make the difference between khâgnes "Lyon" and "Ulm"

4134-399: The French higher education system is that a large share of the scientific research is carried out by research establishments such as CNRS or INSERM , which are not formally part of the universities. However, in most cases, the research units of those establishments are located inside universities (or other higher education establishments) and jointly operated by the research establishment and

4212-664: The IUTs ( University Technical Institutes ). This is a type of university college , usually in small and medium-sized towns, at satellite campuses of larger universities, that offers post-secondary study programmes designed to provide higher vocational education or the technical skills needed to perform the tasks of a particular and specific job. The degree awarded by IUTs is the Bachelor Universitaire de Technologie , (in English: "Bachelor of Technical Studies") which

4290-548: The International Schools Consultancy (ISC) listed France as having 105 international schools. ISC defines an 'international school' in the following terms: "ISC includes an international school if the school delivers a curriculum to any combination of pre-school, primary or secondary students, wholly or partly in English outside an English-speaking country, or if a school in a country where English

4368-604: The Mines Nantes and Télécom Bretagne schools was envisaged from 2014. The merger was agreed upon by both schools on March 24, 2015 The new entity came into existence on January 1, 2017. On February 2 , 2017, the directors of IMT Atlantique and the ENSTA Bretagne signed a partnership agreement between the two institutions in the presence of the Minister of Defense, Jean-Yves Le Drian . The agreement provided for

4446-548: The United Kingdom or Advanced Placement in the United States). Preparatory classes are officially not authorized to deliver any degrees, but they give ECTS credits that can be used to fulfill university degree requirements since the 2009-2010 academic year, and students who decide to carry on their studies at a public university. However, many prépas also establish conventions with universities to validate

4524-796: The Web (visibility, scientific publications, etc.). This ranking measures international renown and IMT-Atlantique is doing particularly well in this area. The school currently occupies 1,351st place in the world, out of 27,000 institutions. IMT Atlantique also participates in U-Multirank, the worldwide ranking list of higher learning institutions established by the European Union, which evaluates each institution in five areas: teaching and learning, research, international orientation, knowledge transfer and regional engagement. In 2017, this ranking included 1497 institutions in 99 nations. IMT Atlantique

4602-630: The admission to Top French business schools such as HEC Paris , ESSEC , ESCP , EMLYON , EDHEC Business School , etc.), are known as Prépa HEC (preparing for the Hautes Ecoles de Commerce) and are split into three parts: Hours/week Since 2021, ECE and ECS classes have been merged into a single "ECG" course, the French baccalauréat having been reformed (notably, the iconic "S", "ES" and "L" filières, which until now served to divide students between ECS and ECE classes, have been abolished). Classe préparatoire ECS are for those who graduated with

4680-480: The admission to the CPGE is usually based on performance during the last two years of high school, called première and terminale . Thus, each CPGE receives thousands of applications from around the world every April and May, and selects its new students under its own criteria (mostly excellence). A few CPGE programmes, mainly the private CPGEs (which account for 10% of CPGEs), also have an interview process or look at

4758-491: The age of six, a child in France starts primary school and soon moves onto higher and higher grade levels until they graduate. In French higher education, the following degrees are recognized by the Bologna Process (EU recognition): Licence and Licence Professionnelle (bachelor's degrees), and the comparably named Master and Doctorat degrees. The Programme for International Student Assessment coordinated by

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4836-537: The competitive exams of those grandes écoles . Some preparatory classes are widely considered "elite", being extremely selective, and recruiting only the best students from each high school, if not the best student from each high school. These schools practically guarantee their students a place in one of the top grandes écoles . Among them are the Lycée Louis-Le-Grand , the Lycée Henri-IV ,

4914-501: The course of one century made possible "the integration of children of Italians, Poles, Africans and Portuguese". All educational programmes in France are regulated by the Ministry of National Education and Youth (officially called Ministère de l'Éducation nationale et de la Jeunesse ). The head of the ministry is the Minister of National Education . All teachers in public primary and secondary schools are state civil servants, making

4992-439: The dignity of university status. With so many students ripe for radicalization after being forced to study in such miserable conditions, change was necessary and inevitable. Rather than expand already-overwhelmed parent campuses, it was decided to split off the annexes as new universities. As a result, French higher education, compared with other countries, is small in size with a multiplicity of establishments, each specialised in

5070-421: The end of the 19th century. Jules Ferry , the Minister of Public Instruction in 1881, is widely credited for creating the modern school ( l'école républicaine ) by requiring all children between the ages of 6 and 12, both boys and girls, to attend. He also made public instruction mandatory, free of charge , and secular ( laïque ). With those laws, known as French Lubbers, Jules Ferry laws , and several others,

5148-409: The following common exams or exam banks: There are two literary and humanities CPGEs. The first of these prépas , nicknamed "hypokhâgne" for the first year and " khâgne " for the second year, is focused on a strong pluri-disciplinary course, including all humanities: philosophy, literature, history, geography, foreign languages, and ancient languages (Latin and Ancient Greek). The students are called

5226-528: The general Baccalauréat S (Scientific), Classe préparatoire ECE are for those who graduated with the general Baccalauréat ES (Economics and Social sciences), while the Classe préparatoire ECT are for those who obtained a Baccalauréat Technologique . Both the first and second year programms include ten hours of mathematics teaching per week completed by 6 hours of geopolitics, six hours of French and philosophy, and three hours of each language (2 languages) in

5304-429: The implementation, in the short and medium term, of collaborative activities in training, research, innovation and internationalization, and the creation of an engineering hub . IMT Atlantique offers a unique generalist engineering training program mainly drawing on students who have sat the Concours Commun Mines-Ponts competitive entry exam. It also offers three apprentice engineer training programs in partnership with

5382-612: The middle school level was ranked 23 in the 1995 Trends in International Math and Science Study . In 2019, France ranked 21 in the TIMSS Science general ranking. Napoleon began the French university and secondary educational systems. Guizot started the elementary system. Intense battles took place over whether the Catholic Church should play a dominant role. The modern era of French education begins at

5460-401: The official hours of class. The BCPST classes prepare for exams of engineering schools of life sciences (agronomy, forestry, environmental and food sciences) but also to veterinary schools, engineering schools of earth sciences, and the three Ecoles Normales Supérieures . Compare to the other classes, it teaches biology and geology. In scientific CPGE, the first year of CPGE is usually called

5538-637: The primary school level is professeur or professeure des écoles (previously called instituteur , or its feminine form institutrice ). Children stay in elementary school for 5 years until they are 10–11 years-old. The grades are named: CP ( cours préparatoire ), CE1 ( cours élémentaire 1 ), CE2 ( cours élémentaire 2 ), CM1 ( cours moyen 1 ) and CM2 ( cours moyen 2 ). The compulsory middle and high school subjects cover French language and literature, history and geography, foreign languages, arts and crafts, musical education, civics, mathematics, physics, chemistry, natural sciences, technology, and PE. The curriculum

5616-684: The regional authorities of Brittany and the Pays de la Loire region : IMT Atlantique covers 30 doctoral specialities within the five doctoral schools in the Brittany and Pays de la Loire regions with which it is co-accredited. On a national level, right from its first year of existence the school was placed in the A+ group of L'Etudiant's ranking list, thereby entering the French Top 10. The school has risen to 4th in 2024. Internationally, IMT Atlantique

5694-436: The students. Like literature, history education is seen as critical to shaping the identity of young people and the integration of immigrants to French identity. Ferry's views continue to exert influence today. Ministry reports have confirmed that the rule of schools in promoting "common culture" is only made more critical by the rising levels of student diversity. According to the ministry, history education in France has, over

5772-515: The suburbs. In addition, most of the universities have taken a more informal name that is usually that of a famous person or a particular place. Sometimes, it is also a way to honor a famous alumnus, for example the science university in Strasbourg is known as "Université Louis-Pasteur " while its official name is "Université Strasbourg I" (however, since 2009, the three universities of Strasbourg have been merged). The French system has undergone

5850-518: The teaching community, fearing the privatization of French public higher education and tuition fee increases. In France, private colleges and universities cannot award national Bachelor's ( Licence ) and Master's degrees. They can, however, either: set up co-diploma partnerships with public universities to deliver their national diplomas, or have their own diplomas accredited by the French Ministry of Higher Education (the accredited diploma , or " Diplôme Visé "), or have their programs certified (with

5928-685: The technological research institute, b<>com. Third year options include "Networks", "International Business" and "Business and Banking Finance". In 2020, Line B of the Rennes metro should link the campus to the Rennes' town center, from the Atalante station. It consists of school buildings, a student residence, student housing and an incubator. Classe pr%C3%A9paratoire aux grandes %C3%A9coles The Classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles ( CPGE ) ('Higher school preparatory classes'), commonly called classes prépas or prépas , are part of

6006-472: The university. In 2021, 1.65 million students are enrolled in French higher education institutions (61% in licence, 35% in master, 4% in doctorat). Higher education is mostly funded by the State which leads to very low tuition fees. For citizens of the EU, EEA, Switzerland or Quebec, the annual fees range from 170 to 380 euros per year depending on the level ( licence, master, doctorat ). One can therefore get

6084-456: Was distinguished in the knowledge transfer category and holds second place in France. Research is organized into thirteen departments of teaching and research The school is also linked to different joint research units: IMT Atlantique is a certified Institut Carnot for the quality of its collaborative research and is developing a policy of long-term partnerships with businesses through the creation of innovative research facilities. The school

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