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49-635: In 1958, a number of representatives of national music information centres formed a group under the UN's International Music Council . The members of this group became a branch of the International Association of Music Libraries (IAML) in 1962. In 1986 the International Association of Music Information Centres (IAMIC) was founded, with its own board of directors. In 1991, IAMIC became fully independent and broke away from

98-609: A United Left Wing , he had "stirred up the Greek political life. His proposal for the unification of the three parties of the former United Left – which had grown out of the National Liberation Front (N.L.F.) – had been accepted by the Greek Communist Party which later proposed him as the candidate for mayor of Athens during the 1978 elections." (Andreas Brandes) He was later elected several times to

147-679: A call for peace... With his operas, and with his song cycles from 1974 to 2006, Theodorakis ushered in the period of his Lyrical Life . In March 1997, gave a concert at the Berlin Haus der Kulturen der Welt . Afterwards he was hospitalized due to respiratory difficulties and it was when he declared that this was his last concert. Theodorakis was Doctor honoris causa of several universities. He later lived in retirement, reading, writing, publishing arrangements of his scores, texts about culture and politics. On occasions he took position: in 1999, opposing NATO 's Kosovo war and in 2003 against

196-504: A dignity which in his perception it had lost. He developed his concept of "metasymphonic music" (symphonic compositions that go beyond the "classical" status and mix symphonic elements with popular songs, Western symphonic orchestra and Greek popular instruments). He founded the Athens Little Symphony Orchestra and gave many concerts in the country, trying to familiarize people with symphonic music. After

245-703: A letter to the Central Council of Jews in Greece that what he had said was: "Unfortunately the state of Israel supports the United States and their foreign policy, which is the root of the Evil and, therefore, it is close to the root of the Evil.” He was also accused of having admitted his anti-Semitism during an interview on Greek TV on 8 February 2011. His controversial statement on television had been: “I should clarify that I am anti-Semite. Essentially, I love

294-573: A three-time BAFTA nominee, winning for Z . For the score in Serpico , he earned Grammy nominations. Furthermore, for the score to Zorba the Greek , with its song "Zorba's Dance", he was nominated for a Golden Globe . He composed the " Mauthausen Trilogy ", also known as "The Ballad of Mauthausen", which has been described as the "most beautiful musical work ever written about the Holocaust " and possibly his best work. Up until his death, he

343-580: A week later in France, having travelled from Greece via Italy on a boat. He would compose, alongside Pagani , the anthem of the French Socialist Party , in 1977. In 1971, Mikis Theodorakis was invited to Chile by then- president Salvador Allende . In Valparaíso , he listened to a group of young people who introduced him to part of the work of the poet Pablo Neruda . Theodorakis loved it and promised to give Chile his musical opinion on

392-583: Is also known as "Syrtaki dance", inspired by old Cretan traditional dances. On 21 April 1967 the Regime of the Colonels took power in a putsch . Theodorakis was a symbol of resistance to the military regime. He went into hiding, issued the first call for resistance against the dictatorship on 23 April. and founded the "Patriotic Front" (PAM). On 1 June, the Colonels published "Army decree No 13", which banned playing, and even listening to his music. Theodorakis

441-494: Is based at UNESCO's headquarters in Paris , France, where it functions as an independent international non-governmental organization . Its primary aim is to facilitate the development and promotion of international music-making. The IMC currently consists of some 120 members, divided into four categories (National Music Councils, International Music Organisations, Regional Music Organisations, National and specialized organisations in

490-399: Is being pushed towards improving relations with Greece. So why shouldn't it be possible for our relations to prosper at all levels and whatever comes up? The Customs Union, confederation, etc. are just conditions. In any case, I think that the name issue will be overcome when the relations between the two peoples reach such a point that the name will not matter at all". Theodorakis was one of

539-602: Is to help Greece stay clear of its economic crisis. On 31 May 2011, Theodorakis gave a speech attended by approximately 10,000 people in the center of Athens, criticising the Greek government for the loan debt it has taken from the International Monetary Fund . In 1997 Mikis Theodorakis stated on the Macedonian issue that "The name does not matter so much, as long as the peoples live in peace". Later, in an interview, he stressed "In fact, this country

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588-515: The Canto General . Back to Paris, in 1972 Theodorakis met Pablo Neruda when the Greek composer was rehearsing the musicalization of Canto General . Neruda was impressed and asked him to include poems such as "Lautaro" and "A Emiliano Zapata". He was received by Gamal Abdel Nasser and Tito , Yigal Allon and Yasser Arafat , while François Mitterrand , Olof Palme and Willy Brandt became his friends. For millions of people, Theodorakis

637-1003: The Iraq War . In 2005, he was awarded the Sorano Friendship and Peace Award , the Russian International St.-Andrew-the-First-Called Prize , the insignia of Grand Officer of the Order of Merit of Luxembourg , and the IMC UNESCO International Music Prize , while already in 2002 he was honoured in Bonn with the Erich Wolfgang Korngold Prize for film music at the International Film Music Biennial in Bonn (cf also: Homepage of

686-564: The fifth period , the last, of his musical writing: He composed three operas (lyric tragedies) Medea , first performed in Bilbao (1 October 1991), Elektra , first performed in Luxembourg (2 May 1995) and Antigone , first performed in Athens' Megaron Moussikis (7 October 1999). This trilogy was complemented by his last opera Lysistrata , first performed in Athens (14 April 2002):

735-610: The Art and Exhibition Hall Bonn). In 2007, he received a Lifetime Achievement Award at the distribution of the World Soundtrack Awards in Ghent. A final set of songs titled: Odysseia was composed by utilizing poetry written by Costas Kartelias for lyrics. In 2009 he composed a Rhapsody for Strings (Mezzo-Soprano or Baryton ad lib.). Created on 30 January 2013, Theodorakis achieved the distinction of producing one of

784-733: The Conservatory and studied musical analysis under Olivier Messiaen and conducting under Eugene Bigot . His symphonic works: a Piano concerto , his first suite , his first symphony , and his scores for the ballet : Greek Carnival, Le Feu aux Poudres, Les Amants de Teruel , received international acclaim. In 1957, he won the Gold Medal in the Moscow Music Festival. In 1959, after the successful performances of Theodorakis's opera Antigone at Covent Garden in London,

833-616: The Five Music Rights (originally written in English) have been translated into French , Spanish , Arabic , and Mandarin Chinese . IMC undertakes many initiatives within the music ecosystem – such as developing projects, organizing conferences, awarding prizes, etc. Projects are international, regional and sometimes local and are often supported by international , intergovernmental and supranational organizations . One of

882-644: The French composer Darius Milhaud proposed him for the American Copley Music Prize – an award of the "William and Noma Copley Foundation", which later changed its name to "Cassandra Foundation" as the "Best European Composer of the Year". His first international scores for the film Ill Met by Moonlight and Honeymoon (aka Luna de Miel ), directors: Michael Powell and Emeric Pressburger , were successful: The Honeymoon Song , title song of

931-410: The French politician Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber , Theodorakis was allowed to go into exile to Paris on 13 April 1970. Theodorakis' flight left secretly from an Onassis -owned private airport outside Athens. He arrived at Le Bourget Airport where he met Costa Gavras , Melina Mercouri and Jules Dassin . Theodorakis was immediately hospitalized with tuberculosis . His wife and children joined him

980-598: The Greek Parliament (1981–1986 and 1989–1993) and for two years, from 1990 to 1992, he was a minister in the government of Constantine Mitsotakis . After his resignation as a member of Greek parliament, he was appointed General Musical Director of the Choir and the two Orchestras of the Hellenic State Radio ( ERT ), which he reorganised and with which he undertook successful concert tours abroad. He

1029-606: The IAML. The IAMIC is based in Belgium. Each member music information centre promotes and documents the music of its own country of region over a variety of musical genres including contemporary classical music , world music , jazz , and popular music . Its member organisations manage extensive resources (large libraries of sheet music , recordings, biographical and research materials) and deliver promotional and artistic projects ( festivals , concerts , competitions, conferences) to

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1078-588: The IMC's regular activities is the annual International Rostrum of Composers , a forum offering representatives of national broadcasting organisations the opportunity to exchange and publicize works of contemporary classical music . The IMC UNESCO Music Prize was awarded from 1975 until 2005 by the International Music Council, as of 1978 in cooperation with UNESCO. The Prize was addressed to both musicians and musical institutions, in alignment with

1127-402: The IMC. It is celebrated worldwide on October 1. Mikis Theodorakis Michail " Mikis " Theodorakis ( Greek : Μιχαήλ "Μίκης" Θεοδωράκης [mixaˈil ˈmicis θeoðoˈracis] ; 29 July 1925 – 2 September 2021) was a Greek composer and lyricist credited with over 1,000 works. He scored for the films Zorba the Greek (1964), Z (1969), and Serpico (1973). He was

1176-712: The Intangible Cultural Heritage and the 2005 Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions . Some advocacy actions are carried out in alliance with other international organisations such as the #Culture2030Goal campaign for the inclusion of culture among the Sustainable Development Goals . The International Music Day was initiated in 1975 by Yehudi Menuhin , former president of

1225-541: The Jewish people, I love the Jews, I have lived long with them but as much as I hate anti-Semitism, I hate Zionism even more so”, being "I am anti-Semite" an obvious slip of the tongue for "anti-Zionist". In 2013, he condemned Golden Dawn for Holocaust denial . Theodorakis was a long-time critic of the United States foreign policy. During the invasion of Iraq, he called Americans "detestable, ruthless cowards and murderers of

1274-538: The War in Iraq . He was a key voice against the 1967–1974 Greek junta , which imprisoned him and banned his songs. Theodorakis was born on the Greek island of Chios and spent his childhood years in provincial Greek cities including Mytilene , Cephallonia , Patras , Pyrgos , and Tripoli . His father, a lawyer and a civil servant, was from the small village of Galatas on Crete and his mother, Aspasia Poulakis,

1323-538: The assassination of Gregoris Lambrakis in May 1963 he founded the Lambrakis Democratic Youth ("Lambrákides") and was elected its president. Under Theodorakis's impetus, it started a vast cultural renaissance movement and became the greatest political organisation in Greece with more than 50,000 members. Following the 1964 elections, Theodorakis became a member of the Greek Parliament, associated with

1372-525: The day before the rally, a group of anarchists threw paint at the entrance of his house and then wrote threatening messages, such as: "Your story starts from the mountain and ends in the national swamp of Syntagma Square . Source: His song cycles are based on poems by Greek authors, as well as by García Lorca and Neruda : Epitaphios, Archipelagos, Politia A-D, Epiphania, The Hostage, Mykres Kyklades, Mauthausen, Romiossini, Sun and Time, Songs for Andreas, Mythology, Night of Death, Ta Lyrika, The Quarters of

1421-597: The field of arts and culture). It is represented by regional councils in Europe , Africa , and the Americas . Their task is to develop and support programmes specifically tailored to the needs of the IMC members and partners in their region. The International Music Council advocates for access to music to all, through a set of values which are at the basis of the action of both the International Music Council and its regional councils. Those core beliefs have been gathered under

1470-709: The former German Democratic Republic between 1982 and 1989. It was during this period that he received the Lenin Peace Prize . He composed his first opera Kostas Kariotakis (The Metamorphoses of Dionysus) and the ballet Zorba the Greek , premièred in the Arena of Verona during the Festival Verona 1988. During this period, he also wrote the five volumes of his autobiography: The Ways of the Archangel ( Οι δρόμοι του αρχάγγελου ). In 1989, he started

1519-684: The island of Makronisos , where he was tortured and twice buried alive. During the periods when he was not obliged to hide, not exiled or jailed, he studied from 1943 to 1950 at the Athens Conservatoire under Filoktitis Economidis. In 1950, he finished his studies and took his last two exams "with flying colours". He went to Crete, where he became the "head of the Chania Music School" and founded his first orchestra. In 1953, Theodorakis married Myrto Altinoglou. The following year, they travelled to Paris, where he entered

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1568-663: The largest works by any composer of any time. On 26 February 2019, Theodorakis was hospitalized with heart problems. On 8 March, he underwent surgery for a pacemaker . He died of cardiopulmonary arrest at his home in Athens on 2 September 2021, at the age of 96. The Greek Prime Minister declared three days of national mourning to honour him, and his body lay in state in the chapel of the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens, with thousands of people, including artists, as well as political leaders from all Greek parties paying their last respects. Epitaphs were delivered by

1617-562: The later, became part of the repertoire of The Beatles . In 1960, Theodorakis returned to Greece and his roots in Greek music. With his song cycle Epitaphios , he contributed to a cultural revolution in his country. His most significant and influential works are based on Greek and world poetry – Epiphania ( Giorgos Seferis ), Little Kyklades ( Odysseas Elytis ), Axion Esti (Elytis), Mauthausen ( Iakovos Kambanellis ), Romiossini ( Yannis Ritsos ), and Romancero Gitano ( Federico García Lorca ) – he attempted to give back to Greek music

1666-486: The left-wing party EDA . Because of his political ideas, the composer was black-listed by the cultural establishment; at the time of his biggest artistic glory, a large number of his songs were censored-before-studio or were not allowed on the radio stations. During 1964, he wrote the music for the Michael Cacoyiannis film Zorba the Greek , whose main theme, since then, exists as a trademark for Greece. It

1715-477: The main speakers at the Rally for Macedonia in Athens, which took place on 4 February 2018. In his speech, he stated that "Macedonia is one, was, is and will always be Greek." The statements garnered support from parties in parliament, while even Golden Dawn MPs welcomed Mikis Theodorakis' shift on the name of Macedonia. Members of SYRIZA and Yiannis Boutaris commented negatively on Theodorakis' statements. Also,

1764-546: The name of Five Music Rights. The Five Music Rights were first proclaimed in Tokyo during the International Music Council's General Assembly of 2001, and have since been promoted by the International Music Council and related bodies, through advocacy activities, programmes and other initiatives (such as the Music Rights Awards and the appointment of the " Music Rights Champions" ). The principles contained in

1813-610: The people of the world". He said he would consider anyone who interacted with "these barbarians", for whatever reason, as his enemy. Theodorakis greatly opposed the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia during the Yugoslav Wars . He participated in a charity concert protesting the bombing in 1999. On 1 December 2010, Mikis Theodorakis founded "Spitha: People's Independent Movement", a non-political movement which calls people to gather and express their political ideas. The main goal of "Spitha"

1862-507: The political crisis that had been created due to the numerous scandals of the government of Andreas Papandreou . He helped establish a large coalition between conservatives, socialists and leftists. In 1990, he was elected to the parliament (as in 1964 and 1981), became a government minister under Konstantinos Mitsotakis , and fought against drugs and terrorism and in favor of culture and education. He continued to speak out in favour of leftist causes, Greek–Turkish–Cypriot relations, and against

1911-797: The president of the Hellenic Republic, Aikaterini Sakellaropoulou, and the general secretary of the Communist Party of Greece , Dimitrios Koutsoumbas . Afterwards, according to his will, his body was transferred by boat overnight to be buried in his hometown of Galatas, near Chania, Crete, where his parents and brother were buried. Theodorakis opposed Israel's occupation of Gaza and the West Bank. He criticised Greek Prime Minister George Papandreou for establishing closer relations with Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu , who

1960-415: The public. While each member organisation focuses on the promotion of musical activities in their country or region, IAMIC works to promote international exchange on issues of common concern and brings these organisations together for collective projects. International Music Council The International Music Council ( IMC ) was created in 1949 as UNESCO 's advisory body on matters of music . It

2009-552: The purposes of the United Nations Charter and UNESCO's Constitution. The Prize was assessed by four categories: composition, musicology, pedagogy, and performance. The last laureate of the IMC UNESCO Music Prize was Mikis Theodorakis . The African Music Development Programme, launched in 2014 by the International Music Council, took place in nine African countries. The 3-years-long project

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2058-641: Was a childhood friend of George Pavlopoulos , and in Tripoli, Peloponnese , he gave his first concert at the age of seventeen. He went to Athens in 1943, and became a member of a Reserve Unit of ELAS . He led a troop in the fight against the British and the Greek right in the Dekemvriana . During the Greek Civil War he was arrested, sent into exile on the island of Icaria and then deported to

2107-530: Was arrested on 21 August, and jailed for five months. He was released at the end of January 1968, and then deported in August to Zatouna with his wife, Myrto, and their two children, Margarita and Yorgos. Later he was interned in the concentration camp of Oropos . An international solidarity movement, headed by such personalities as Dmitri Shostakovich , Leonard Bernstein , Arthur Miller , and Harry Belafonte demanded to get Theodorakis freed. On request of

2156-711: Was committed to raising international awareness of human rights, environmental issues, and the need for peace. For this reason, he initiated, along with the Turkish author, musician, singer and filmmaker Zülfü Livaneli , the Greek–Turkish Friendship Society. From 1981, Theodorakis had started the fourth period of his musical writing, during which he returned to the symphonic music, while still going on to compose song-cycles. His most significant works written in these years are his Second, Third, Fourth and Seventh Symphony , most of them being first performed in

2205-473: Was from an ethnically Greek family in Çeşme , in what is now Turkey. He was raised with Greek folk music and was influenced by Byzantine liturgy ; as a child he had already talked about becoming a composer. His fascination with music began in early childhood; he taught himself to write his first songs without access to musical instruments. He took his first music lessons in Patras and Pyrgos, where he

2254-573: Was guilty, he said, of "war crimes in Lebanon and Gaza." Theodorakis was a vocal critic of Zionism, and referred to himself as an "anti-Zionist." In 2003, he stated, "Everything that happens today in the world has to do with the Zionists ... American Jews are behind the world economic crisis that has hit Greece as well." He was accused of saying that "this small nation (Israel) is the root of evil". Theodorakis later clarified his comments, stating in

2303-703: Was implemented with the financial support of the European Union and the technical assistance of the Organisation of African, Caribbean and Pacific States (ACP), and aimed at supporting the music industry through a series of targeted actions. The main arena for IMC advocacy is UNESCO , specifically the 1980 Recommendation concerning the Status of the Artist, the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of

2352-421: Was the symbol of resistance against the Greek dictatorship together with Melina Mercouri . After the fall of the colonels, Mikis Theodorakis returned to Greece on 24 July 1974 to continue his work and his concert tours, both in Greece and abroad. His return was in triumph, with huge crowds and his music playing on the radio. At the same time he participated in public affairs. In 1978, through his article For

2401-463: Was viewed as Greece's best-known living composer. He was awarded the Lenin Peace Prize . Politically, he was associated with the left because of his long-standing ties to the Communist Party of Greece (KKE). He was an MP for the KKE from 1981 to 1990. Despite this, however, he ran as an independent candidate within the centre-right New Democracy party in 1989, in order for the country to emerge from

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