Misplaced Pages

#363636

103-482: The trainsets were built 1989–98 by ABB Scandia in Randers (today Bombardier ) in 153 copies, of which 96 trainsets are used by DSB . A number of train sets have been exported to Sweden , Israel , Spain , USA , Canada , France , Germany and Portugal . At DSB, up to five train sets can be connected for a total length of 292.5 meters and with a total of 720 seats. An electrically powered four-carriage version,

206-778: A Basketligaen team that took 2nd place in the 2013–2014 season. The oldest forms of the town's name appear on coins minted from the times of Canute the Holy (1080–86) until those of Svend Grathe (1146–57). The coins bear the names Ranrosia, Ransias, Radrusia, Rand and Randrusia. Ancient written records include the Latin Randrusium ( Saxo Grammaticus , c.  1200 ), Icelandic Randrosi ( Snorri Sturluson 's Heimskringla , 1230), and Rondrus, Randrøs ( Valdemar's Census Book , 1231). Other early forms provide Randersborg and Randershusen. The name appears to stem from Rand (hillside) and Aros (river mouth) and probably means "town on

309-547: A wireless access point (WAP) that also serves as a bridge to other networks such as a local area network or the Internet. Since wireless communication uses a more open medium for communication in comparison to wired LANs, the 802.11 designers also included encryption mechanisms: Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), no longer considered secure, Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA, WPA2, WPA3), to secure wireless computer networks. Many access points will also offer Wi-Fi Protected Setup ,

412-543: A wireless network router , which links them to the internet. Hotspots provided by routers at restaurants, coffee shops, hotels, libraries, and airports allow consumers to access the internet with portable wireless devices. Norman Abramson , a professor at the University of Hawaii , developed the world's first wireless computer communication network, ALOHAnet . The system became operational in 1971 and included seven computers deployed over four islands to communicate with

515-586: A WDS over some other solutions is that it preserves the MAC addresses of client packets across links between access points. An access point can be either a main, relay, or remote base station. A main base station is typically connected to the wired Ethernet. A relay base station relays data between remote base stations, wireless clients or other relay stations to either a main or another relay base station. A remote base station accepts connections from wireless clients and passes them to relay or main stations. Because data

618-603: A central hub for transportation by land, river and sea, helped make Randers a dynamic center for production, trade and commerce. Barges on the Guden River and the Northern River (Nørreå) formerly transported a large number of goods to and from Randers, from the central region of Jutland and in particular the towns of Silkeborg and Viborg. From the harbour in Randers, goods were and are exported and imported. Most of

721-597: A common system for all three train models. Instead, for the different types to work together, a special interface-module is required. This must be built into each trainset (except from the IC3, from which the original command-signal comes). However, due to financial issues, and the fact that it would probably not be used, this module was not included in the trains (although it can easily be added if needed). A total of thirteen IC2-sets were built, all of which are in service and operated by Lokaltog since 2015. The third and newest of

824-505: A group owner in the Wi-Fi Direct group. In one approach, the user sets up a P2P group owner manually. This method is also known as autonomous group owner ( autonomous GO ). In the second method, called negotiation-based group creation , two devices compete based on the group owner intent value. The device with higher intent value becomes a group owner and the second device becomes a client. Group owner intent value can depend on whether

927-504: A height of 60 cm (23.6 inches) from the top of the rails. This provides very easy access to the train, especially when bicycles, wheelchairs, and the like need to be put on the train. This easy entrance is because the 60 cm (23.6 inches) from the top of the rails, is also the general height within a few centimeters (1–2 in or 2.5–5.1 cm) of platforms on the Danish railway network. There are some technical differences between

1030-664: A name and brand that became well known abroad. Scandia produced the IC3 intercity trains for DSB , the Danish State Railway. In 2001 the company was bought by Canadian Bombardier , but the factories were put up for sale in 2015 due to lack of orders. In 1894, the machine factory of Dronningborg Maskinfabrik was founded in Dronningborg, also known as Dronningborg Industries abroad. The factory produced agricultural machines and in 1958 combine harvesters became part of

1133-450: A new InterCity concept took over that role. After a few years, a new concept emerged, the so-called APO-lyntog  [ da ] , which were workgroups tasked with specific areas. There were groups for electrical locomotives, diesel-powered locomotives, and others, including the "long distance train" APO group. The long-distance train - APO was originally tasked with finding a suitable train for long-distance traffic. However, it

SECTION 10

#1732771850364

1236-693: A number of important public cultural institutions. The most notable are the Randers Art Museum , the Museum of Cultural History and Randers Library . Randers Library consists of a main library in Kulturhuset, two local libraries within the municipality, one mobile library and a local library in Langå. The headquarters of the Museum Østjylland , focussing on various aspects of the regional local history

1339-465: A part of the Bombardier corporation). As a side note, it should be mentioned that neither DSB or Scandia themselves, wished that they (Scandia) got the task, as they had pretty much no experience in this kind of trains. The first IC3 set was delivered in 1988, but unfortunately suffered from a number of teething problems, primarily due to its (at the time very advanced) computer systems. One example

1442-491: A position which could not easily be overrun. Randers, and Randers municipality, lies within the geographical region of Kronjylland (Crown Jutland), a name that possibly refers to the many royal possessions in this area, in particular in former times. By road it is 38.5 kilometres (23.9 mi) north of Aarhus , 43.8 kilometres (27.2 mi) east of Viborg , 80.2 kilometres (49.8 mi) south of Aalborg and 224 kilometres (139 mi) northwest of Copenhagen . The city

1545-411: A proposed electrification of the mainlines of the Danish railroads. At the time, no such train were available, so the group designed one themselves. In order to avoid propulsion units in the train (and thus reducing variants and development costs), it was designed to use a locomotive to haul it, and equip the end wagons with driver cabins. The train was designed as a set of 5 wagons, with a service wagon in

1648-553: A quick, but no longer considered secure, method of joining a new device to an encrypted network. Most Wi-Fi networks are deployed in infrastructure mode . In infrastructure mode, wireless clients, such as laptops and smartphones, connect to the WAP to join the network. The WAP usually has a wired network connection and may have permanent wireless connections to other WAPs. WAPs are usually fixed and provide service to their client nodes within range. Some networks will have multiple WAPs using

1751-399: A shop and its headquarters in Randers, but the production has been outsourced abroad. In the late stages of the industrialisation, the industry of the city had managed to diversify and a number of high-tech companies are now based in and around Randers, although most are small-scale employers locally. As jobs in production industries has declined and with the global economic crisis of 2008 ,

1854-511: A technical failure, injuring 121 people. A soldier shot the windows in order to allow the passengers to escape. The cause of the fire was not an electrical short, as first suspected, but a mechanical problem with the cardan joint , which is located next to the fuel tank in the train. On 30 December 2010 Israel Railways decided on an immediate stoppage of all the IC3s in the fleet, pending further investigation. The ramifications of this decision were

1957-532: A total 1,193  kW (1,600  bhp ; 1,622  PS ) to propel it. The engines are mounted in the MFA and MFB carriages, with two engines in each carriage. Each engine drives the axles on the bogies via an electronically controlled automatic gearbox. The engines are mounted so that the end which would normally point forwards in a rear-wheel-drive car, instead faces the center of the MFA and MFB carriages. Due to this mounting design and nature of combustion engines and to

2060-729: A truck collision causing the death of a train driver. Six sets still run in Sweden. Another large operator of the IC3 trains is Israel Railways , who operate about 50 IC3 sets. Some of those sets were assembled in Israel from Danish-imported complete knock-down (CKD) kits by RAMTA , a division of Israel Aerospace Industries , in Dimona , and some are modified IC3 trainsets which were originally delivered to Sweden. Israel Railways have started to slowly retire their sets since 2021. Similarly in Spain,

2163-597: A wireless medium in a network are referred to as stations. All stations are equipped with wireless network interface controllers . Wireless stations fall into two categories: wireless access points (WAPs) and clients. WAPs are base stations for the wireless network. They transmit and receive radio frequencies for wireless-enabled devices to communicate with. Wireless clients can be mobile devices such as laptops, personal digital assistants , VoIP phones and other smartphones , or non-portable devices such as desktop computers , printers, and workstations that are equipped with

SECTION 20

#1732771850364

2266-659: A wireless network interface. The basic service set (BSS) is a set of all stations that can communicate with each other at PHY layer. Every BSS has an identification (ID) called the BSSID, which is the MAC address of the access point servicing the BSS. There are two types of BSS: Independent BSS (also referred to as IBSS), and infrastructure BSS. An independent BSS (IBSS) is an ad hoc network that contains no access points, which means they cannot connect to any other basic service set. In an IBSS

2369-672: Is Randers Tropical Zoo thanks to its artificial rainforest , the largest in Northern Europe, its 350 varieties of plant and over 175 species of animals. The city's football team, Randers FC , play their homes games at the AutoC Park Randers , and are in Denmark's first league, the Superligaen . The town is also home to Randers rugby union club and Jutland RLFC, a rugby league team, as well as Randers Cimbria ,

2472-405: Is 202. These trains were equipped with wireless internet through a WiFi connection. This service is available for InterCity and InterCityLyn trains between Copenhagen and Århus. This is available free of charge for visiting DSB and TDC network websites and for two minutes for other websites. DSB's costs for internet use are 29 DKK for 5 hours of internet within a 24-hour period. Development of

2575-538: Is 38.5 kilometres (23.9 mi) north of Aarhus , 43.8 kilometres (27.2 mi) east of Viborg , and 224 kilometres (139 mi) northwest of Copenhagen . Randers became a thriving market town in medieval times, and many of its 15th-century half-timbered houses remain today, as does St Martin's Church , also from that period. Trade by sea was facilitated through the Gudenå River, entering Randers Fjord . During industrialization , Randers quickly became one of

2678-463: Is Denmark's only natural river harbour, situated on the banks of the Guden River ( Gudenå ), about 6 miles (10 km) above the rivers mouth in Randers Fjord . There are several wooded areas in Randers, including Skovbakken, to the northeast of the centre, the smaller Tøjhushaven to the immediate southeast of this, north of the harbour area, and Ladegårdsbækken, a narrow stretch of woodland to

2781-558: Is a museum dedicated to Elvis Presley paraphernalia, inaugurated in 2011. The mansion is a copy of Elvis' Graceland and the project has been initiated and financed by the president of the Elvis Presley fanclub in Denmark. Memphis Mansion is located in southern outskirts of Randers, and had over 130.000 visitors in 2015. Also of note is the historic craftsmans museum of Kejsergården and the innovative multi-ethnic business and cultural centre of Underværket. Hotel Randers contains

2884-409: Is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is " Cfb " (Marine West Coast Climate/ Oceanic climate ). Randers has a population of 64,057 (as of 1 January 2023). From 1970, the population saw a decline from a peak of 58,500 citizens, until a stabilization in the 1990s occurred, followed by a modest rise since then. A vast agricultural countryside, and

2987-488: Is also situated in the building. The museum administers a few museum buildings in Randers and exhibitions in both Grenå and Ebeltoft . Randers Storcenter is a landmark shopping mall in the southern parts on Randers next to E45 . The mall comprise 58 speciality stores, a Kvickly supermarket, playgrounds, lounges and baby rooms . The city's major football team, Randers FC ("Randers Football Club (RFC)"), plays in Denmark's top division, Superligaen . Its home ground

3090-439: Is forwarded wirelessly, consuming wireless bandwidth, throughput in this method is halved for wireless clients not connected to a main base station. Connections between base stations are done at layer-2 and do not involve or require layer-3 IP addresses. WDS capability may also be referred to as repeater mode because it appears to bridge and accept wireless clients at the same time (unlike traditional bridging). All base stations in

3193-462: Is in contrast to Ethernet which uses carrier-sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD). The 802.11 specification includes provisions designed to minimize collisions because mobile units have to contend with the hidden node problem where two mobile units may both be in range of a common access point, but out of range of each other. A bridge can be used to connect networks, typically of different types. A wireless Ethernet bridge allows

DSB Class MF - Misplaced Pages Continue

3296-543: Is served by Randers railway station . It is located on the Aarhus-Aalborg railway line and offers direct InterCity services to Copenhagen and Aalborg and regional train services to Aarhus and Aalborg . The city is served by Regionshospitalet Randers. There are many public and private schools in the city, with Randers Realskole as the biggest private school in Denmark. Randers has several different gymnasiums and technical educations. Randers Statsskole

3399-578: Is the Cepheus Park Randers. Randers has two major handball teams. Randers HK represents the city in the best handball league for women, Danish Women's Handball League . Randers HH plays in the second best handball league for men, 1st Division . Both teams play their home matches, at Arena Randers . Fladbro Speedway is a motorcycle speedway located on the Randersvej road, about 5 kilometres west of Randers. The stadium hosted

3502-427: Is the oldest of the gymnasiums in the city, with many old traditions. WLAN A wireless LAN ( WLAN ) is a wireless computer network that links two or more devices using wireless communication to form a local area network (LAN) within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, campus, or office building. This gives users the ability to move around within the area and remain connected to

3605-580: The COVID-19 pandemic ), as the journey cannot be travelled by Israel Railway's newer rolling stock due to said railway line's restrictive loading gauge . In 2021, the Maritime and Commercial Court ruled that Deutz AG had misused a dominant market position in 2010 regarding replacement motor parts. The remaining Swedish Y2 fleet is due to be replaced by new CAF Civity Nordic electric and bi-modal trains, expected 2024–2027. An IC3 set consists of (as

3708-453: The IR4 was introduced between 1995 and 1998. The IC3 is a wide articulated train made of light alloy with Jacobs bogies shared between carriages. There are two 298 kW (400 hp) engines in each end of the front and rear carriages, central car has none, giving a total of 1,192 kW (1,598 bhp). The efficient mechanical transmissions with multiple gear ratios and high power for

3811-525: The Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS). A Wi-Fi Direct network is a different type of wireless network where stations communicate peer-to-peer. In a peer-to-peer network wireless devices within range of each other can discover and communicate directly without involving central access points. In a Wi-Fi P2P group, the group owner operates as an access point and all other devices are clients. There are two main methods to establish

3914-558: The Wi-Fi brand name). Beginning in 1991, a European alternative known as HiperLAN/1 was pursued by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) with a first version approved in 1996. This was followed by a HiperLAN/2 functional specification with ATM influences accomplished February 2000. Neither European standard achieved the commercial success of 802.11, although much of

4017-460: The 15th and 16th centuries trading both nationally and overseas thanks to its harbour and cargo shipping maintained by competent craftsmen. Salmon fishing also contributed to the local economy. The town was fortified through much of the Middle Ages . Today, however, the only sign of defensive walls is their existence in street names. These streets follow a circular path, presumably following

4120-656: The 2010s and as a consequence have had their rubber diaphragms removed in favour of conventional cab ends. In 1997, an Israel Railways IC3 was tested in North America under the name ‘Flexliner’. Amtrak used it on the Hiawatha , St Louis and Kansas City Mules , San Diegan , and between Eugene and Portland, Oregon ; Via Rail Canada tested it for services on the Windsor – Quebec corridor. The total number of ABB Scandia/Adtranz-built IC3 and IC3-based trainsets

4223-426: The 97 t (95 long tons; 107 short tons) tare weight give the IC3 good acceleration capabilities. The short distances between stations on inter-city routes in Denmark makes acceleration more important than high top speed, and so the IC3 units are geared for a top service speed of only 180 km/h (112 mph). The front- and cab-design is the most significant feature of the IC3 (and its cousins). When viewed from

DSB Class MF - Misplaced Pages Continue

4326-657: The Cafe Mathiesen, with black and white decor which evokes the art deco era. The Niels Ebbesens Spisehus restaurant serves Danish cuisine such as herring or pepper steak (peberbøf) is situated in a red three-storey, half-timbered building dated to 1643. The Tante Olga club on Storegade contains a bar and hosts live music, often jazz. Randers Tropical Zoo , Randers's top tourist attraction, is Northern Europe's largest artificial rainforest , featuring about 350 different kinds of plants and more than 175 species of animals, many of which roam free under its three geodesic domes :

4429-564: The Conqueror , He assembled people in this town. A chronicle written at Essenbæk Abbey tells of a fire that ravaged the city. The city was destroyed and rebuilt three times in the 13th century. In 1246, it was burned down by Abel of Denmark 's troops during the civil uprising against Eric IV of Denmark . On a street in the town center is the house where, according to legend, Danish nobleman and national hero Niels Ebbesen killed Count Richard (Gerhard) III of Holstein on 1 April 1340, during

4532-563: The Danish Cultural Agency. A 36-metre tall white concrete silo, was for many years a landmark of the town, but it was demolished in 2008 to give way for modern building projects. In 1861, the train factory of Hvide Mølle was founded in the neighbourhood of Dronningborg by the British consortium Peto, Brassey and Betts . It became a large employer in Randers, at one time the largest, and changed its name to Scandia in 1876,

4635-537: The Holy Spirit") once part of a monastery also dates to the 15th century as does Paaskesønnernes , a three-storey red brick house. Clausholm Castle , located some 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) southeast of Randers is one of Denmark's finest Baroque buildings. Kulturhuset is a notable landmark building in Randers. It was designed by architect Flemming Lassen in the modernist style and built in 1961. The name translates simply as "The House of Culture" and it holds

4738-568: The IC2 and the IC3. The most obvious is of course the smaller number of carriages, and other engines (the IC3 has four engines, each delivering approx. 298 kW or 400 hp; the IC2 has two engines, each delivering approx. 313 kW or 420 hp). Other differences include the way the engines are cooled (the IC3 engines are air-cooled, but due to several technical issues with this system, it were decided to use water-cooled engines), electric-driven AC system (another thing decided after experience with

4841-481: The IC3 started in 1984, production started in 1986, and they entered service in 1991. However, its roots can be traced back further. In 1972, DSB celebrated its 125th anniversary, and at the same time made some large changes. First of all, two years later, in 1974, a completely new timetable system, the K74, was introduced. Secondly, the concept of lyntog was removed as the foundation of the long-distance traffic, and instead

4944-577: The IC3 stock would receive a 10-year life extension, allowing them to replace IC4 trains. In 2018, the first six ERTMS -retrofitted IC3 trains left the workshop at Langå , with the conversions performed by Alstom with technical assistance from Banedanmark and DSB. All IC3's are to be converted to ERTMS from the proprietary ZUB 123 ATC system, which is to be done around the fall of 2019 and into 2020. In 2021, DSB bought two sets from Israel Railways for spare parts. In 2021, Israel Railways announced its intention to retire its IC3 fleet, in light of

5047-507: The IC3's offspring is specifically designed for use in the regional traffic in areas surrounding the Øresund Bridge . The train is operated by both DSB and SJ Öresund , with the latter being a sister company to SJ AB . Its formation is ET-FT-ET. The train is electrically powered, and can run on both Danish power ( 25 kV, 50 Hz ) and Swedish power ( 15 kV, 16 2 ⁄ 3 Hz ). It is called Øresundståg Contessa by its manufacturer, and designated Litra ET in Denmark and X31K in Sweden. Only

5150-453: The IC3, which AC system were powered directly from the engines). Although the IC2 shares its physical profile and physical coupling system with the IC3 and the IR4, they are incapable of actually driving as a companion with those two "relatives". This is because the designers of the computer system which transmits the driver's commands to the engines and gearboxes have not been able to come up with

5253-645: The Kingless Times, when the entire country was pledged to German counts. This action led to further insurrection against the Germans. Ebbesen died in a large battle at Skanderborg Castle in December 1340. A statue to Ebbesen stands in front of Randers' Town Hall today. When King Valdemar IV of Denmark (Valdemar Atterdag) tried to assemble a government in 1350 after the mortgaging to the Holsteiners,

SECTION 50

#1732771850364

5356-525: The MFA/MFB carriages (when viewed from the outside), with a wide set of doors in one end of each carriage. A total of 44 IR4 sets were built, and all sets are still in use. 1 set burned in 2011 but was rebuilt and re-entered service in 2015. The second of the IC3's offspring is often described as a "discount edition of the IC3", which is not entirely fair. It was designed in 1992–1993, when some private railway operators in Denmark were looking for new trains. It

5459-893: The STAs are configured in ad hoc (peer-to-peer) mode. An extended service set (ESS) is a set of connected BSSs. Access points in an ESS are connected by a distribution system. Each ESS has an ID called the SSID which is a 32-byte (maximum) character string. A distribution system (DS) connects access points in an extended service set. The concept of a DS can be used to increase network coverage through roaming between cells. DS can be wired or wireless. Current wireless distribution systems are mostly based on WDS or Mesh protocols , though other systems are in use. The IEEE 802.11 has two basic modes of operation: infrastructure and ad hoc mode. In ad hoc mode, mobile units communicate directly peer-to-peer. In infrastructure mode, mobile units communicate through

5562-731: The South America Dome, the Africa Dome, and the Asia Dome. The zoo is Randers's top tourist attraction. Additionally there are areas called "The Snake Garden" and the Aquarium. The organisation has been involved in the restoration of local wetlands in Vorup Meadow ( Vorup Enge ), a large nearby area on the southwestern side of the Guden River. St Martin's Church dates to the 15th century. Helligåndshuset ("House of

5665-698: The backbone of the Danish InterCity concept since the 1990s; it has also served as the foundation and/or inspiration for three other trains. These are the IR4, the IC2, and the Øresundtrain. The first of the IC3's offspring, which is electrically powered. It was originally designed for Danish regional traffic but has later been upgraded and is currently also being used in InterCity traffic, often together with one or more IC3-set(s) on routes which have been electrified. The IR4 consists of 4 carriages (as implied by its name), all of which are similar in design to

5768-745: The bus and truck industry, and it should be fast and easy to add carriages (by coupling with another trainset); along with a number of technical requirements. The new project became designated IC3. After the IC3 project had been proposed, it was relatively quickly decided to cancel development of the IC5-prototype, as it suffered from several problems. The main problem was the weight of the train. Originally it had been estimated to weigh around 200 to 210 tonnes (197 to 207 long tons; 220 to 231 short tons), but ended up weighing 270 tonnes (266 long tons; 298 short tons). A train of similar size and capacity, consisting of conventional wagons, would weigh approximately

5871-414: The carriage. It has two engines, delivering a total of 627 kW (840 hp), and drives the train in the same way as the MFA/MFB carriages drives the IC3. The FS is a combined cab and passenger carriage, and has a quite unique look when viewed from the outside. This is due to the "low-floor entrance" feature included in the design, where part of the floor and doors between the two bogies are "sunken" to

5974-494: The central computer on the Oahu island without using phone lines. Wireless LAN hardware initially cost so much that it was only used as an alternative to cabled LAN in places where cabling was difficult or impossible. Early development included industry-specific solutions and proprietary protocols, but at the end of the 1990s these were replaced by technical standards , primarily the various versions of IEEE 802.11 (in products using

6077-475: The closure of several lines and stations, including Jerusalem and Dimona and several other suburban lines. Service was resumed on all routes after modifications were approved. On 20 October 2016, DSBs set number 51 caught fire in Odense, damaging the MFA significantly. No one was hurt, and the set was moved the day after. Then the rebuilding began, with a Swedish set donating its body to the damaged MFA unit. It

6180-439: The connection of devices on a wired Ethernet network to a wireless network. The bridge acts as the connection point to the wireless LAN. A wireless distribution system (WDS) enables the wireless interconnection of access points in an IEEE 802.11 network. It allows a wireless network to be expanded using multiple access points without the need for a wired backbone to link them, as is traditionally required. The notable advantage of

6283-498: The crowded 2.4 GHz band , which is also shared with Bluetooth devices and microwave ovens . The 5 GHz band also has more channels than the 2.4 GHz band, permitting a greater number of devices to share the space. Not all WLAN channels are available in all regions. A HomeRF group formed in 1997 to promote a technology aimed at residential use, but it disbanded in January 2003. All components that can connect into

SECTION 60

#1732771850364

6386-503: The designation "RL2D" which is believed to mean "Regional Local 2 Diesel", with 2 being the number of carriages. The IC2 consists of 2 carriages, the MF and the FS. The MF is a combined engine and passenger carriage, and has its set of doors placed towards the cab of the carriage, actually as close to the bogies as possible. The MF houses the engines, which are mounted under the floor in the middle of

6489-876: The east of the hospital. Dronningborg Skov, in the hamlet of Dronningborg, is located in the northeastern suburbs of the city, and Henriettelund lies in the southwestern suburb of Vorup . Suburbs of Randers include Dronningborg , Helsted , Kristrup , Neder Hornbæk , Over Hornbæk , Paderup , Romalt , and Vorup . The wider municipality covers an area of 748.21 square kilometres (288.89 sq mi). Settlements include Albæk , Asferg , Assentoft , Dalbyover , Fårup , Gassum , Gimming , Gjerlev , Hald , Harridslev , Haslund , Havndal , Helstrup , Hørning , Langå , Lem , Linde , Mejlby , Mellerup , Råsted , Spentrup , Stevnstrup , Sønderbæk , Tvede , Tånum , Udbyhøj Vasehuse , Uggelhuse , Værum , Ålum , Øster Bjerregrav , and Øster Tørslev . Climate in this area has mild differences between highs and lows, and there

6592-594: The electrical version, the IR4 . Up to five trainsets can be coupled together. The IC3 can also be coupled mechanically with its Flexliner little sister, IC2', but not the cousin ET-FT-ET . DSB runs 96 IC3 sets and 44 IR4 sets. Some IC3s run in Sweden, mainly Kalmar - Linköping . They are designated Y2. Before 2007 they also ran Malmö - Karlskrona (designated Y2K; adapted to run in Denmark as well), but that railway has been electrified, and after that 13 sets were sold to Denmark and Israel, and one scrapped because of

6695-462: The fact that the train runs forward in both directions, a so-called "reverse gear" had to be attached to automatic gearboxes. They are responsible for making the axles turn the right way. These gears are normally not controlled directly by the train's driver; instead, the train's on-board computers check which of the two cabs is active to determine the train's primary driving direction, setting the reverse gears accordingly. The IC3 has not only served as

6798-407: The first railway line to Aarhus in 1862, the barge-transports on the Guden River declined dramatically. This however paved the way for a booming railway manufacturing industry. Even though the population of Randers grew in these years, it was also the time, when the town was outpaced by Aarhus and Aalborg. The glove factory of Randers Handskefabrik was established in 1811, and is considered among

6901-483: The former industrial areas have been or are being redeveloped into housing, stores, offices and public institutions. Since 1977, Randers Ugen has been a cultural festival in Randers every year in the middle of August. The festival lasts nine days and presents a number concerts, art exhibitions, theatre and sports events such as the traditional boat regatta of Fjordregatta and the running event of Fjordløbet. Rander's old former power plant, known as Værket (The Plant),

7004-462: The former large employers has down-scaled productions, outsourced , moved or closed in recent decades. This includes the military installations and the Thor breweries closed in 2003. The large agricultural co-operative of Dansk Landbrugs Grovvareselskab (DLG) still has facilities and silos in Randers and the regional hospital is also in operation and now employs around 1,800 people. Randers Handsker has

7107-673: The front and the cabin are similar to IC3. The wheels, bogies and motors are more similar to Bombardier Regina and each carriage has two bogies. It is used for the regional cross-border traffic called Øresundståg , and the train type is also often called that, these trains are used for some other traffic also. Fires on the IC3 train sets are not uncommon, with over half of DSB's in service sets having either overheated or suffered from minor burns, however all of these were easy fixes. There have been some incidents where rebuilds were needed. On 28 December 2010, an IC3 train in Israel caught fire due to

7210-484: The hillside by the river mouth". The modern form Randers first came into use at the end of the 17th century. Randers was formally established around the 12th century, but traces of activity date back to Viking times. Canute IV of Denmark (ca. 1043–1086), also known as Canute the Saint and Canute the Holy, and as patron saint of Denmark, minted coins in the town. He had plans to attack England and its ruler, William

7313-566: The introduction of Siemens Desiro HC electric multiple units and newer fifth-generation Bombardier Double-deck Coaches . The trains were withdrawn from timetabled services in November 2023 but retained as backup, and completely retired on 28 January 2024. This entailed the permanent termination of services on the Jaffa-Jerusalem railway between Beit Shemesh and Jerusalem–Malha (which have already been suspended indefinitely due to

7416-669: The knowledge of Parisian glovemaker Charles Mattat . Shops in London and New York were added to the company in 1892. In 1927, Randers Handsker were acquired by the Danish Vejrum family, who still owns and runs the company today. The larger emerging industries included the Thor breweries , founded in 1856 by the businessman Christian Emil Synnestvedt , but built in 1850 by the Swedish entrepreneur Johan Peter Lindahl . The Thor breweries

7519-404: The later half of the 1800s, Randers grew in several directions, and a large industrial area emerged at the harbour. In particular the crafts and industry sector grew and Randers became one of the most important industrial towns in Denmark. Trade and seafaring continued to be major sectors of the local economy and the harbour was expanded and improved several times during this era. With the opening of

7622-468: The location of the historic walls. Street names include Østervold ("Eastern Defense Wall"), Nørreport ("Northern Gate"), Vestervold ("Western Defense Wall"), and Lille Voldgade ("Little Defense Wall Street"). In 1534 a farmers' uprising tried to storm the town unsuccessfully; it was part of wider regional peasant unrest affecting the Jutland region the same year, leading to the death of some 2000 by

7725-425: The mid-17th century, the economy began to thrive once more, the harbour was extended bringing an increase in shipping. By the end of the 18th century, it had become Jutland's largest town with 4,500 inhabitants. During its peak there were almost 170 merchants' estates in the area, and a sizeable trade fleet that sailed around the world. Some of these old half-timbered estates and manor homes can still be seen in

7828-642: The middle (containing a small kiosk, and other facilities) and 4 passenger wagons. In 1983, the group responsible for the timetables had made a set of requirements for the ideal future train for the InterCity traffic. The requirements were based on experience with the prototype (which had now become known as IC5; not to be confused with the new electric Alstom Coradia Stream trains ordered by DSB in 2021): it should be light-weight (preferably built of aluminium), its passenger compartments should have fixed windows and air conditioning, it should be self-propelled, it should use standard engine and transmission components from

7931-406: The most important industrial towns in the country, but it saw itself outpaced by the cities of Aarhus and Aalborg at the beginning of the 20th century. Most of the larger historic industries in Randers are gone today. From 1970, the population saw a decline from a peak of 58,500 citizens, until a stabilization in the 1990s occurred, followed by a modest rise since then. The main tourist attraction

8034-499: The name implies) three carriages. These are the MFA (passenger and motor carriage), the FF (passenger center carriage) and the MFB (passenger and motor carriage). The MFA and MFB are, from a technical point of view, identical and only differ slightly in the interior design. The train is powered by four diesel engines, each delivering 298  kW (400  bhp ; 405  PS ), giving the train

8137-480: The national rail operator Renfe operates some IC3 derivatives classified as RENFE Class 594 on the Valladolid - Zamora - Puebla de Sanabria, Coruña - Ferrol, Coruña - Lugo - Monforte de Lemos and Madrid - Soria routes since 1997 as a medium-range regional service (Media Distancia) The Class 594 trains were built by CAF under a technology license agreement from ABB Scandia. Some Class 594 units were refurbished in

8240-558: The network. Through a gateway , a WLAN can also provide a connection to the wider Internet . Wireless LANs based on the IEEE 802.11 standards are the most widely used computer networks in the world. These are commonly called Wi-Fi , which is a trademark belonging to the Wi-Fi Alliance . They are used for home and small office networks that link together laptop computers , printers , smartphones , Web TVs and gaming devices with

8343-452: The oldest glove factories in the World. The manufacturing of gloves in Randers has been traced back to the 1200s, in the 1600s it was the primary occupation here and from the 1700s the gloves became known abroad, with exports to Sweden, Germany, Russia, France and England. After some decades with declining productions, the factory was built, industrialising and boosting the productions, guided by

8446-465: The outside, the viewer will notice the large rubber diaphragm surrounding a flat cab. The cab is separate section of the train, but the table with the controls is mounted on a large door, to which the seat is also mounted. When two or more trainsets are coupled together in a single train, the entire front door folds away to give a wide passage, and the rubber diaphragms at the ends form a flush aerodynamic seal. The IC3 can also couple and run in tandem with

8549-558: The personnel as well, although its official name remains “Niels Kjeldsen”. Randers Randers ( Danish: [ˈʁɑnɐs] ) is a city in Randers Municipality , Central Denmark Region on the Jutland peninsula. It is Denmark's sixth-largest city , with a population of 64,158 (as of 1 January 2024 ). Randers is the municipality's main town and the site of its municipal council. By road it

8652-522: The private service sector has compensated a little bit for the job loss, with a slight employment rise in modern times, and the employment rate in Randers is overall regarded as stabilized since 2010. In 2013, 33% of the employed commute every day to other municipalities. Likewise 26% of the jobs in Randers are employed by commuters from other municipalities. The main economic and employment sectors today in Randers are, administration and service, crafts and industry, trade and transport; in that order. Some of

8755-551: The production line. From 1984 they produced for the British Massey Ferguson . The company was bought by American AGCO in 1997 and the production was trimmed. In 1935 a regional hospital was founded in Randers, located in the neighbourhood of Dronningborg. Randers became an important military site in modern times. The large barrack of Randers Kaserne was built in 1940 and all in all the town and surrounding countryside could encamp from 10,000 to 15,000 men, in

8858-417: The same SSID and security arrangement. In that case, connecting to any WAP on that network joins the client to the network, and the client software will try to choose the WAP that gives the best service, such as the WAP with the strongest signal. An ad hoc network is a network where stations communicate only peer-to-peer (P2P). There is no base and no one gives permission to talk. This is accomplished using

8961-470: The same as originally estimated. When it was first proposed to cancel the IC5 project, the train's designers tried to save it by proposing several solutions to the train's problems, but to no use: DSB's management had decided that the IC3 was the proper train for the future. The task of developing the IC3 was assigned to a joint-group of designers and technical engineers from DSB itself and the factory Scandia (now

9064-664: The speedway team Randers Speedway Club and then Kronjyllands Speedway Club , who both previously raced in the Danish Speedway League . It was a venue for important events, including a qualifying round of the Speedway World Championship in 1984. The town is also home to Randers rugby union club and Jutland RLFC, a rugby league team. Other sports are represented in the city, such as tennis, athletics, American football, floorball, badminton, gymnastics, volleyball and many other. Randers

9167-522: The sword in Aalborg alone. Massive moats were set up around the town under the rule of King Christian III (1536–1559). The town was already known for its glove-making in the Middle Ages but at the beginning of the 18th century the industry really prospered. During the second half of the 17th century, the town suffered not only from the Swedish wars but experienced the plague and extensive fires. From

9270-502: The term. The population in 1880 was 13,457. During the industrialisation , Randers became a centre for the developing agricultural industry and a number of manufacturing businesses and heavy machinery factories also emerged. According to " The Popular Encyclopedia; or, Conversations Lexicon ", Blackie & Son (c. 1890), Randers contained at that time an arsenal , a classical school with six professors, and had several industrial establishments, including manufacturers of gloves, for which

9373-423: The town had long been famous. Randers was also known for salmon, rope, and pretty women. The harbour near the town had only 7 + 1 ⁄ 2 feet (2.3 m) of water, but there was a good shipyard ; and at some distance below, at the mouth of the fjord, there was another harbour with 9 to 10 feet (2.7 to 3.0 m) water, and roads with good anchorage in 4 to 5 fathoms (24 to 30 ft; 7 to 9 m). From

9476-432: The town was further reinforced with protection, and was often named as Randershus ("Randers Fortress"). This fortification was captured by dissatisfied nobility in 1357. In 1359 Valdemar attacked the captured city with the strength of all of his forces. During medieval times the city prospered as a market town. Randers was granted privileges as a market town in 1302, creating a significant amount of trade. It prospered in

9579-440: The town. The region around Randers is referred to as Crown Jutland ( Kronjylland ) and its inhabitants as Crown Jutlanders ( Kronjyder ), probably due to its large estates owned by the monarchy. It was Denmark's poets who first started to use the term Kronjyde in the mid-18th century. N. F. S. Grundtvig (1783–1872) and Hans Christian Andersen (1805–1875), and especially Nobel Prize laureate Henrik Pontoppidan (1857–1943), used

9682-400: The unemployment rate has risen in Randers, especially for young uneducated people. 17.7% of young people under 30, was on public support in 2013, with 8.8% of young people under 30 being uneducated and on the municipal support against poverty (Danish: Kontanthjælp). Many have been unemployed for extensive periods, making it more difficult to regain employment. Occupation in the public sector and

9785-477: The wireless device performs a cross-connection between an infrastructure WLAN service and a P2P group, available power in the wireless device, whether the wireless device is already a group owner in another group or a received signal strength of the first wireless device. IEEE 802.11 defines the PHY and medium access control (MAC) layers based on carrier-sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA). This

9888-414: The work on HiperLAN/2 has survived in the physical specification ( PHY ) for IEEE 802.11a , which is nearly identical to the PHY of HiperLAN/2. In 2009, 802.11n was added to 802.11. It operates in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands at a maximum data transfer rate of 600 Mbit/s. Most newer routers are dual-band and able to utilize both wireless bands. This allows data communications to avoid

9991-445: The world, defining outsiders as people living outside the social normalcy or are outside the art establishment. The school has around twenty students. Danish Design Museum is situated close to the rainforest zoo and exhibits Danish design-icons. The exhibits includes both older and modern industrial designs like Bang & Olufsen , Kay Bojesen , Poul Henningsen , various lamp designs, ceramics and other categories. Memphis Mansion

10094-479: Was an important industry and employer in Randers for many years and the beer brand of Thor is still associated with the city. The breweries closed in 2003, but Thor is still being produced, now by Royal Unibrew in Odense , and there is a sales-office in Randers promoting the brand. The old factory buildings at Thorsgade is considered important for the history of beer brewing in Denmark and some of them are now listed by

10197-488: Was decommissioned in 1982 and is now a centre for theatre and music since 1990. There is a large concert hall here, several scenes and also an art cinema by the name of KG Bio. Café Sven Dalsgaard is a café and restaurant, named after the Randrusian artist by the same name. GAIA Museum Outsider Art is a small alternative art school and museum since 2002. The museum collects and exhibits art made by outsiders from around

10300-490: Was fitted with new engines and seats. The set was put rolling again in 2018, most notable is that this set was the first to be painted in DSBs newly formed design replacing the original grey with red, and the blue lines at the windows, became black. The passenger doors were painted white. Since the set are so far the only set in the new design, many enthusiasts has nicknamed the set “The One and Only”, which slowly has carried over to

10403-434: Was later rumoured that the lyntog -concept might be re-introduced within a few years, and so it was decided to find a suitable design for that concept. Several requirements were made: primarily to use air-conditioning for cooling and heating of passenger areas, and be able to use either electric or diesel propulsion. The second requirement were due to the fact, that the Danish politicians had yet to decide whether or not to fund

10506-464: Was originally proposed to be an IC3 with the center carriage (the FF) removed, and without engines in one of the remaining carriages. This design did not entirely satisfy representatives of the private railways, so instead, after some debate, it was redesigned to its current appearance. IC2 is a further development of IC3. It was designed for use on the private lines and on certain local lines, as suggested by

10609-434: Was that it would lock the toilet door with no apparent reason (it was programmed to lock the door when either someone was in there and requested so via a button, or when the toilet-system suffered a problem). Another issue was that snow would build up around the diaphragms and block the driver's view. By late 1990, the majority of these problems had been solved, and so the train entered service in 1991. In 2017, DSB announced

#363636