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25-643: ISBT can stand for: International Society of Blood Transfusion Inter State Bus Terminals in India Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title ISBT . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ISBT&oldid=1147590252 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

50-787: A 2015 review of the history of the ISBT, Hans Erik Heier distinguished four phases in the formation of the society: The formation of the International Society of Blood Transfusion, or Societé International de Transfusion Sanguine, as it was called at the time, was initiated in Rome at a meeting between representatives from 20 nations, the International Red Cross and the Bogdanov institute in Moscow . Blood transfusion

75-619: A new location for the CO, and a new Secretary General. In 1999, the new location for the ISBT CO was Amsterdam, where it became a part of professional congress organiser (PCO) Eurocongress. Paul Strengers, a doctor at Sanquin Blood Supply, took up the role of Secretary General. A new vision for the 2002–2006 period of ISBT was created by the executive committee, focusing on developing ISBT into an umbrella organization, improving communication with

100-522: A standard anti-shock treatment, Rh and Kell systems were discovered, and industrial blood plasma fractionation was developed to produce albumin , which can be used as a substitute for plasma . In 1947, the first post-war congress of the ISBT was organised in Turin, Italy . Here, some specific future goals were laid out to complement the main activity of the Society, the organization of congresses: After

125-582: A type II transmembrane glycoprotein that is the highly polymorphic Kell blood group antigen. The Kell glycoprotein links via a single disulfide bond to the XK membrane protein that carries the Kx antigen . The encoded protein contains sequence and structural similarity to members of the neprilysin (M13) family of zinc endopeptidases . There are several alleles of the gene which creates Kell protein. Two such alleles, K 1 (Kell) and K 2 (Cellano), are

150-462: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages International Society of Blood Transfusion ISBT is governed by a voluntary board of 16 directors, representing all WHO regions. ISBT has 16 scientific working parties, which are groups of ISBT members promoting science, research and best practice in their specific areas of expertise. ISBT advocates for standardisation and harmonisation in

175-513: The World Health Assembly resolution WHA 28.72.  This resolution called for the establishment of: appropriately governed national blood services; voluntary non-remunerated blood donations (VNRBD); and the promotion of the health of both blood donors and recipients of blood. ISBT works as a non-state actor in official relations with WHO. ISBT collaborated with WHO to produce "Educational modules on clinical use of blood". In

200-469: The CO had moved to a different country, the ISBT statutes and by-laws were also updated and adapted to Dutch law. The reformations made in the previous years had led to an increase in workload for the ISBT CO. In order to continue the fulfilment of the strategic plans of the ISBT, a full-time, paid chief executive officer (CEO) was hired in 2010. In 2012, the CO moved to a separate location in Amsterdam as

225-659: The Kell antigens on the red blood cell surface. The Kell group was named after the first patient described with antibodies to K 1 , a pregnant woman named Mrs. Kellacher in 1945. Mrs. Cellano was likewise a pregnant woman with the first described antibodies to K 2 . The K 0 phenotype was first described in 1957 and the McLeod phenotype was found in Hugh McLeod, a Harvard dental student, in 1961. King Henry VIII of England may have had Kell-positive blood type, explaining

250-454: The body produces an antibody against a blood group antigen on its own red blood cells. The antibodies lead to destruction of the red blood cells with resulting anemia . Similarly, a pregnant woman may develop antibodies against fetal red blood cells, resulting in destruction, anemia, and hydrops fetalis in a process known as hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Both AIHA and HDN may be severe when caused by anti-Kell antibodies, as they are

275-633: The congress in Turin, the society was able to organise congresses and develop without great difficulties for the next forty years, until 1985. In 1985, the HIV/AIDS epidemic struck transfusion medicine. During that time, the ISBT CO was still located in Paris as a part of the Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine (CNTS) (English: National Centre for Blood Transfusion) as their head, Michel Garretta,

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300-445: The deaths of seven of his ten children at, or soon after, birth, and suggesting that his mental deterioration around age 40 could be explained by McLeod Syndrome; this was supported by the revelation that Henry may have inherited Kell from his maternal great-grandmother, Jacquetta of Luxembourg . Evidence supports a genetic link between the Kell blood group (on chromosome 7 q33) and the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide , or PTC,

325-400: The field of blood transfusion. The other major impact on the transfusion community is the classification of various human blood group systems under a common nomenclature. ISBT's coordination also extends to obtaining donors with rare antigens , a process that often involves international searches in which common terminology is critical. The ISBT Code of Ethics was developed in response to

350-472: The high scientific quality. The second Scientific Secretary, Ellen van der Schoot, was in office until 2018. John Semple succeeded Ellen van der Schoot in 2019 through 2021. As of 2024, Jason Ackers is the current ISBT Scientific Secretary until 2025. Kell antigen system The Kell antigen system (also known as the Kell–Cellano system ) is a human blood group system , that is, a group of antigens on

375-494: The human red blood cell surface which are important determinants of blood type and are targets for autoimmune or alloimmune diseases which destroy red blood cells. The Kell antigens are K , k , Kp , Kp , Js and Js . The Kell antigens are peptides found within the Kell protein , a 93- kilodalton transmembrane zinc -dependent endopeptidase which is responsible for cleaving endothelin-3 . The KEL gene encodes

400-529: The membership, educational and scientific activities, and professionalizing the CO. In the coming ten years, the society worked to achieve these goals, with Strengers to remain Secretary General for that period. Eurocongress organised ISBT congresses together with the ISBT CO and local organizing committees. The help of Eurocongress took away economic risks attached to congresses, as they were able to provide professional assistance and detailed advice. As

425-656: The most common. The kell protein is tightly bound to a second protein, XK , by a disulfide bond . Absence of the XK protein (such as through genetic deletion or through a single point mutation within the coding region of the XK gene ), leads to marked reduction of the Kell antigens on the red blood cell surface. Absence of the Kell protein (K 0 ), however, does not affect the XK protein. The Kell protein has also recently been designated CD238 ( cluster of differentiation 238). Kell antigens are important in transfusion medicine , autoimmune hemolytic anemia and hemolytic disease of

450-506: The most immunogenic antigens after those of the ABO and Rhesus blood group systems . McLeod phenotype (or McLeod syndrome) is an X-linked anomaly of the Kell blood group system in which Kell antigens are poorly detected by laboratory tests. The McLeod gene encodes the XK protein, a protein with structural characteristics of a membrane transport protein but of unknown function. The XK appears to be required for proper synthesis or presentation of

475-715: The newborn (anti-Kell) . Anti-K is the next most common immune red cell antibody after those in the ABO and Rh system. Anti-K typically presents as IgG class alloantibody. Individuals lacking a specific Kell antigen may develop antibodies against Kell antigens when transfused with blood containing that antigen. This is particularly true for the "K" antigen which shows a relatively high antigenicity and moderately low frequency (~9%) in Caucasian populations. Anti-K can also occur following transplacental hemorrhage associated with childbirth making Kell an important concern for hemolytic disease of

500-468: The newborn . Following the formation of anti-K, subsequent blood transfusions may be marked by destruction of the new cells by these antibodies, a process known as hemolysis . Anti-K does not bind complement, therefore hemolysis is extravascular. Individuals without K antigens(K 0 ) who have formed an antibody to a K antigen, must be transfused with blood from donors who are also K 0 to prevent hemolysis. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) occurs when

525-488: The shared space with Eurocongress did not meet the needs of the expanded office staff. Currently, five paid persons are employed full-time at the CO, managed by CEO Judith Chapman (2010 – today). Congresses are organised by MCI, of which Eurocongress became a part in 2010. In that same year, Martin Olsson was appointed as Scientific Secretary (non-remunerated) to overlook the scientific programming of ISBT congresses and guarantee

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550-495: Was President of ISBT in 1991, agreed to take on a second role as acting Secretary General. Together with CNTS, and ISBT Secretary Claudine Hossenlopp, he supervised the move of the CO from Paris to Manchester, UK. In 1994, he resigned from his post as blood centre director in Manchester and moved the CO to Lancaster, into his own home. He upheld the CO together with his wife until 1999. The end of Gunson's term meant having to find

575-424: Was a rather new therapeutic option, and therefore, it was decided that transfusion-specific congresses should be organised to highlight the potential importance of transfusion. To organize these congresses, a society was needed. After it was decided that a society dedicated to organizing transfusion-related congresses should be created, it did not take long until ISBT was founded. In 1937, the ISBT central office (CO)

600-644: Was also ISBT Secretary General at the time. In June 1991, he stepped down as head of CNTS, as the HIV/AIDS crisis had become a catastrophe for the transfusion system in France and eventually led to a reorganisation of CNTS in 1991. Subsequently, at the ISBT Congress in Hong Kong it was decided that ISBT could no longer be linked to CNTS, ruling out Garretta's succession of a French colleague. Harold Gunson, who

625-548: Was established in Paris , led by newly appointed Secretary General Arnault Tzanck . Two years later, in 1939, the activities of the ISBT CO had to be suspended because of the Second World War (WWII). In the period surrounding WWII, immunohaematology and transfusion technology developed rapidly. Blood banks were created, voluntary blood donations came in great numbers in the allied nations, plasma-transfusion became

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