81-465: ISO/IEC 17024: Conformity assessment - General requirements for bodies operating certification of persons is an ISO / IEC standard which specifies criteria for the operation of a certification body for persons. The standard includes requirements for the development and maintenance of the certification scheme for persons upon which the certification is based. ISO/IEC 17024:2012 was released in July 2012 and
162-434: A "premise". She states that, to find the reason behind a rhetor 's backing of a certain position or stance, one must acknowledge the different "premises" that the rhetor applies via his or her chosen diction. The rhetor's success, she argues, will come down to "certain objects of agreement...between arguer and audience". The word logos has been used in different senses along with rhema . Both Plato and Aristotle used
243-431: A collaboration agreement that allow "key industry players to negotiate in an open workshop environment" outside of ISO in a way that may eventually lead to development of an ISO standard. Logos Logos ( UK : / ˈ l oʊ ɡ ɒ s , ˈ l ɒ ɡ ɒ s / , US : / ˈ l oʊ ɡ oʊ s / ; Ancient Greek : λόγος , romanized : lógos , lit. 'word, discourse, or reason')
324-580: A different technical definition in the Rhetoric , using it as meaning argument from reason, one of the three modes of persuasion . The other two modes are pathos ( πᾰ́θος , páthos ), which refers to persuasion by means of emotional appeal, "putting the hearer into a certain frame of mind"; and ethos ( ἦθος , êthos ), persuasion through convincing listeners of one's "moral character". According to Aristotle, logos relates to "the speech itself, in so far as it proves or seems to prove". In
405-542: A document is submitted directly for approval as a draft International Standard (DIS) to the ISO member bodies or as a final draft International Standard (FDIS), if the document was developed by an international standardizing body recognized by the ISO Council. The first step, a proposal of work (New Proposal), is approved at the relevant subcommittee or technical committee (e.g., SC 29 and JTC 1 respectively in
486-442: A long process that commonly starts with the proposal of new work within a committee. Some abbreviations used for marking a standard with its status are: Abbreviations used for amendments are: Other abbreviations are: International Standards are developed by ISO technical committees (TC) and subcommittees (SC) by a process with six steps: The TC/SC may set up working groups (WG) of experts for
567-423: A politician were to exploit his listeners's reverential feelings for the politician's ancestors". Aristotle comments on the three modes by stating: Of the modes of persuasion furnished by the spoken word there are three kinds. The first kind depends on the personal character of the speaker; the second on putting the audience into a certain frame of mind; the third on the proof, or apparent proof, provided by
648-548: A proposal to form a new global standards body. In October 1946, ISA and UNSCC delegates from 25 countries met in London and agreed to join forces to create the International Organization for Standardization. The organization officially began operations on 23 February 1947. ISO Standards were originally known as ISO Recommendations ( ISO/R ), e.g., " ISO 1 " was issued in 1951 as "ISO/R 1". ISO
729-540: A reality which he called a logos ( Kalimah ), as an aspect of the unique divine being. In his view the divine being would have for ever remained hidden, had it not been for the prophets, with logos providing the link between man and divinity. Ibn Arabi seems to have adopted his version of the logos concept from neoplatonic and Christian sources, although (writing in Arabic rather than Greek) he used more than twenty different terms when discussing it. For Ibn Arabi,
810-436: A relatively small number of standards, ISO standards are not available free of charge, but rather for a purchase fee, which has been seen by some as unaffordable for small open-source projects. The process of developing standards within ISO was criticized around 2007 as being too difficult for timely completion of large and complex standards, and some members were failing to respond to ballots, causing problems in completing
891-405: A single definition of logos in his work, but Isocratean logos characteristically focuses on speech, reason, and civic discourse. He was concerned with establishing the "common good" of Athenian citizens, which he believed could be achieved through the pursuit of philosophy and the application of logos . Philo ( c. 20 BC – c. 50 AD ), a Hellenized Jew , used
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#1732773172572972-478: A technical term in Western philosophy beginning with Heraclitus ( c. 535 – c. 475 BC ), who used the term for a principle of order and knowledge. Ancient Greek philosophers used the term in different ways. The sophists used the term to mean " discourse ". Aristotle applied the term to refer to "reasoned discourse" or "the argument" in the field of rhetoric, and considered it one of
1053-637: Is "to develop worldwide Information and Communication Technology (ICT) standards for business and consumer applications." There was previously also a JTC 2 that was created in 2009 for a joint project to establish common terminology for "standardization in the field of energy efficiency and renewable energy sources". It was later disbanded. As of 2022 , there are 167 national members representing ISO in their country, with each country having only one member. ISO has three membership categories, Participating members are called "P" members, as opposed to observing members, who are called "O" members. ISO
1134-402: Is a term used in Western philosophy , psychology and rhetoric , as well as religion (notably Christianity ); among its connotations is that of a rational form of discourse that relies on inductive and deductive reasoning. Aristotle first systematized the usage of the word, making it one of the three principles of rhetoric alongside ethos and pathos . This original use identifies
1215-466: Is a voluntary organization whose members are recognized authorities on standards, each one representing one country. Members meet annually at a General Assembly to discuss the strategic objectives of ISO. The organization is coordinated by a central secretariat based in Geneva . A council with a rotating membership of 20 member bodies provides guidance and governance, including setting the annual budget of
1296-464: Is abused, ISO should halt the process... ISO is an engineering old boys club and these things are boring so you have to have a lot of passion ... then suddenly you have an investment of a lot of money and lobbying and you get artificial results. The process is not set up to deal with intensive corporate lobbying and so you end up with something being a standard that is not clear. International Workshop Agreements (IWAs) are documents that establish
1377-517: Is an abbreviation for "International Standardization Organization" or a similar title in another language, the letters do not officially represent an acronym or initialism . The organization provides this explanation of the name: Because 'International Organization for Standardization' would have different acronyms in different languages (IOS in English, OIN in French), our founders decided to give it
1458-521: Is approved as an International Standard (IS) if a two-thirds majority of the P-members of the TC/SC is in favour and not more than one-quarter of the total number of votes cast are negative. After approval, the document is published by the ISO central secretariat , with only minor editorial changes introduced in the publication process before the publication as an International Standard. Except for
1539-424: Is cognate with Latin : lex , lit. 'law'. The word derives from a Proto-Indo-European root, *leǵ-, which can have the meanings "I put in order, arrange, gather, choose, count, reckon, discern, say, speak". In modern usage, it typically connotes the verbs "account", "measure", "reason" or "discourse". It is occasionally used in other contexts, such as for "ratio" in mathematics. Logos became
1620-555: Is conducted by the outpouring of logos from the higher principle, and eros (loving) upward from the lower principle. Plotinus relied heavily on the concept of logos , but no explicit references to Christian thought can be found in his works, although there are significant traces of them in his doctrine. Plotinus specifically avoided using the term logos to refer to the second person of his trinity. However, Plotinus influenced Gaius Marius Victorinus , who then influenced Augustine of Hippo . Centuries later, Carl Jung acknowledged
1701-522: Is funded by a combination of: International standards are the main products of ISO. It also publishes technical reports, technical specifications, publicly available specifications, technical corrigenda (corrections), and guides. International standards Technical reports For example: Technical and publicly available specifications For example: Technical corrigenda ISO guides For example: ISO documents have strict copyright restrictions and ISO charges for most copies. As of 2020 ,
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#17327731725721782-455: Is good and what is evil. Logos , pathos , and ethos can all be appropriate at different times. Arguments from reason (logical arguments) have some advantages, namely that data are (ostensibly) difficult to manipulate, so it is harder to argue against such an argument. On the other hand, trust in the speaker—built through ethos —enhances the appeal of arguments from reason. Robert Wardy suggests that what Aristotle rejects in supporting
1863-425: Is produced, for example, for audio and video coding standards is called a verification model (VM) (previously also called a "simulation and test model"). When a sufficient confidence in the stability of the standard under development is reached, a working draft (WD) is produced. This is in the form of a standard, but is kept internal to working group for revision. When a working draft is sufficiently mature and
1944-617: Is restricted. The organization that is known today as ISO began in 1926 as the International Federation of the National Standardizing Associations ( ISA ), which primarily focused on mechanical engineering . The ISA was suspended in 1942 during World War II but, after the war, the ISA was approached by the recently-formed United Nations Standards Coordinating Committee (UNSCC) with
2025-488: Is what enables them to speak in such absolute terms. One of the boldest and most radical attempts to reformulate the neoplatonic concepts into Sufism arose with the philosopher Ibn Arabi , who traveled widely in Spain and North Africa. His concepts were expressed in two major works The Ringstones of Wisdom ( Fusus al-Hikam ) and The Meccan Illuminations ( Al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya ). To Ibn Arabi, every prophet corresponds to
2106-790: The Bible , reads: In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. According to the Gnostic scriptures recorded in the Holy Book of the Great Invisible Spirit , the Logos is an emanation of the great spirit that is merged with the spiritual Adam called Adamas. Neoplatonist philosophers such as Plotinus ( c. 204/5 – 270 AD) used logos in ways that drew on Plato and
2187-655: The International Electrotechnical Commission . It is headquartered in Geneva , Switzerland. The three official languages of ISO are English , French , and Russian . The International Organization for Standardization in French is Organisation internationale de normalisation and in Russian, Международная организация по стандартизации ( Mezhdunarodnaya organizatsiya po standartizatsii ). Although one might think ISO
2268-455: The Stoics , but the term logos was interpreted in different ways throughout Neoplatonism, and similarities to Philo's concept of logos appear to be accidental. The logos was a key element in the meditations of Plotinus regarded as the first neoplatonist. Plotinus referred back to Heraclitus and as far back as Thales in interpreting logos as the principle of meditation, existing as
2349-435: The legal status of the certification body (the certification body must be a legal entity ), criteria associated with the financial resources and liability responsibilities of the certification body (the certification body must have sufficient finances to cover its liabilities and for the operation of the entity), requirements regarding the impartiality and impartial operation of the certification body, and requirements that
2430-761: The logos also exists in Islam , where it was definitively articulated primarily in the writings of the classical Sunni mystics and Islamic philosophers , as well as by certain Shi'a thinkers, during the Islamic Golden Age . In Sunni Islam , the concept of the logos has been given many different names by the denomination's metaphysicians , mystics, and philosophers, including ʿaql ("Intellect"), al-insān al-kāmil ("Universal Man"), kalimat Allāh ("Word of God"), haqīqa muḥammadiyya ("The Muhammadan Reality"), and nūr muḥammadī ("The Muhammadan Light"). One of
2511-401: The logos it is wise to agree that all things are one. What logos means here is not certain; it may mean "reason" or "explanation" in the sense of an objective cosmic law, or it may signify nothing more than "saying" or "wisdom". Yet, an independent existence of a universal logos was clearly suggested by Heraclitus. Following one of the other meanings of the word, Aristotle gave logos
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2592-782: The logos or "Universal Man" was a mediating link between individual human beings and the divine essence. Other Sufi writers also show the influence of the neoplatonic logos . In the 15th century Abd al-Karīm al-Jīlī introduced the Doctrine of Logos and the Perfect Man . For al-Jīlī, the "perfect man" (associated with the logos or the Prophet ) has the power to assume different forms at different times and to appear in different guises. In Ottoman Sufism, Şeyh Gâlib (d. 1799) articulates Sühan ( logos - Kalima ) in his Hüsn ü Aşk ( Beauty and Love ) in parallel to Ibn Arabi's Kalima. In
2673-622: The logos was God's instrument in the creation of the Universe. The concept of logos also appears in the Targums (Aramaic translations of the Hebrew Bible dating to the first centuries AD), where the term memra ( Aramaic for "word") is often used instead of 'the Lord', especially when referring to a manifestation of God that could be construed as anthropomorphic . In Christology ,
2754-440: The records and information requirements for certification bodies. The requirements include criteria relating to the records of applicants, candidates and certified persons. Requirements regarding information that must be made public as well as information that must be kept confidential are included in this section and criteria for the information security ( exam papers , etc.) are described. This section includes requirements for
2835-644: The 1964 edition of Marcus Aurelius ' Meditations , the Anglican priest Maxwell Staniforth wrote that " Logos ... had long been one of the leading terms of Stoicism , chosen originally for the purpose of explaining how deity came into relation with the universe". Public discourse on ancient Greek rhetoric has historically emphasized Aristotle's appeals to logos , pathos , and ethos , while less attention has been directed to Isocrates ' teachings about philosophy and logos , and their partnership in generating an ethical, mindful polis . Isocrates does not provide
2916-543: The Greek New Testament , such as Jerome (in the 4th century AD), experienced frustration with the inadequacy of any single Latin word to convey the meaning of the word logos as used to describe Jesus Christ in the Gospel of John . The Vulgate Bible usage of in principio erat verbum was thus constrained to use the (perhaps inadequate) noun verbum for "word"; later Romance language translations had
2997-649: The International Organization for Standardization ( ISO ) in 2003, ISO/IEC 17024 was designed to harmonize the personnel certification process worldwide. In the European Union ISO/IEC 17024 replaced EN 45013 (1989), which was published in the UK as BS 7513:1989. The issues that ISO/IEC 17024 tackles can be summarized as: Where competency is typically described as "the demonstrated ability to apply knowledge, skills and attributes". Each accreditation body provides various levels of guidance around compliance and
3078-483: The Logos ( Koinē Greek : Λόγος , lit. 'word, discourse, or reason') is a name or title of Jesus Christ , seen as the preeminent expression in fulness of all the attributes, the complete thought, and the entire "knowable" reality of the infinite and spiritually transcendent Godhead. The concept derives from John 1:1 , which in the Douay–Rheims , King James , New International , and other versions of
3159-579: The Logos Christology." The concept of logos in Sufism is used to relate the "Uncreated" (God) to the "Created" (humanity). In Sufism, for the Deist, no contact between man and God can be possible without the logos . The logos is everywhere and always the same, but its personification is "unique" within each region. Jesus and Muhammad are seen as the personifications of the logos , and this
3240-401: The active reason working in inanimate matter . Humans, too, each possess a portion of the divine logos . The Stoics took all activity to imply a logos or spiritual principle. As the operative principle of the world, the logos was anima mundi to them, a concept which later influenced Philo of Alexandria , although he derived the contents of the term from Plato. In his Introduction to
3321-520: The advantage of nouns such as le Verbe in French. Reformation translators took another approach. Martin Luther rejected Zeitwort (verb) in favor of Wort (word), for instance, although later commentators repeatedly turned to a more dynamic use involving the living word as used by Jerome and Augustine . The term is also used in Sufism , and the analytical psychology of Carl Jung . Despite
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3402-491: The case of MPEG, the Moving Picture Experts Group ). A working group (WG) of experts is typically set up by the subcommittee for the preparation of a working draft (e.g., MPEG is a collection of seven working groups as of 2023). When the scope of a new work is sufficiently clarified, some of the working groups may make an open request for proposals—known as a "call for proposals". The first document that
3483-418: The central secretariat. The technical management board is responsible for more than 250 technical committees , who develop the ISO standards. ISO has a joint technical committee (JTC) with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) to develop standards relating to information technology (IT). Known as JTC 1 and entitled "Information technology", it was created in 1987 and its mission
3564-496: The certification body maintains responsibility for the decision on certification (the decision to award certification to a person cannot be outsourced to any other body). This section describes the structural requirements for certification bodies. Structural requirements contain criteria for the organizational structure of the Certification Body for Persons including how it is managed. Specific requirements relating to
3645-421: The certification body to have a scheme committee that had overall responsibility for the development of the scheme, but it did not elaborate on the components that must be included in the scheme. The 2012 version has an entire clause (clause 8) that provides detailed information regarding the components that must be included in the development and maintenance of the scheme but allows the scheme owner to be outside of
3726-427: The certification body. Other changes include a change in reference of "personnel certification body" to "certification body for persons", defining of additional terms such as "validity" and "reliability", and the addition of a "principles" section that defines the foundational principles for the standard. This section describes the general requirements for certification bodies. General requirements include criteria for
3807-441: The certification body. Specific requirements for persons (both internal to the organization and external to the organization such as consultants and volunteers ) involved in certification activities are included as are criteria associated with outsourcing to other bodies. This section also includes requirements for other resources such as examination equipment required to operate the certification activities. This section describes
3888-421: The confidence people have in the standards setting process", and alleged that ISO did not carry out its responsibility. He also said that Microsoft had intensely lobbied many countries that traditionally had not participated in ISO and stacked technical committees with Microsoft employees, solution providers, and resellers sympathetic to Office Open XML: When you have a process built on trust and when that trust
3969-615: The conventional translation as "word", logos is not used for a word in the grammatical sense—for that, the term lexis ( λέξις , léxis ) was used. However, both logos and lexis derive from the same verb légō ( λέγω ), meaning "(I) count, tell, say, speak". In the ancient Greek context, the term logos in the sense of "word" or "discourse" also contrasted with mythos ( Ancient Greek : μῦθος ). Classical Greek usage sees reasoned argument ( logos ) as distinct from imaginative tales ( mythos ). The writing of Heraclitus ( c. 535 – c. 475 BC )
4050-437: The development and maintenance of the certification scheme. The certification scheme is the competence and other requirements for awarding the certification to a person and includes a scope of certification, job and task description , required competence, abilities (when applicable), prerequisites (when applicable), and a code of conduct (when applicable). Criteria for the initial certification and recertification must be part of
4131-413: The document, the draft is then approved for submission as a Final Draft International Standard (FDIS) if a two-thirds majority of the P-members of the TC/SC are in favour and if not more than one-quarter of the total number of votes cast are negative. ISO will then hold a ballot among the national bodies where no technical changes are allowed (a yes/no final approval ballot), within a period of two months. It
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#17327731725724212-597: The implementation of ISO/IEC 17024. International Organization for Standardization Early research and development: Merging the networks and creating the Internet: Commercialization, privatization, broader access leads to the modern Internet: Examples of Internet services: The International Organization for Standardization ( ISO / ˈ aɪ s oʊ / ) is an independent, non-governmental , international standard development organization composed of representatives from
4293-437: The inexperienced when they experience such words and deeds as I set out, distinguishing each in accordance with its nature and saying how it is. But other people fail to notice what they do when awake, just as they forget what they do while asleep. For this reason it is necessary to follow what is common. But although the logos is common, most people live as if they had their own private understanding. Listening not to me but to
4374-475: The influence of Plotinus in his use of the term. Victorinus differentiated between the logos interior to God and the logos related to the world by creation and salvation . Augustine of Hippo, often seen as the father of medieval philosophy , was also greatly influenced by Plato and is famous for his re-interpretation of Aristotle and Plato in the light of early Christian thought. A young Augustine experimented with, but failed to achieve ecstasy using
4455-548: The interrelationship between the hypostases —the soul , the intellect ( nous ), and the One . Plotinus used a trinity concept that consisted of "The One", the "Spirit", and "Soul". The comparison with the Christian Trinity is inescapable, but for Plotinus these were not equal and "The One" was at the highest level, with the "Soul" at the lowest. For Plotinus, the relationship between the three elements of his trinity
4536-531: The living God is the bond of everything, holding all things together and binding all the parts, and prevents them from being dissolved and separated". Plato's Theory of Forms was located within the logos , but the logos also acted on behalf of God in the physical world. In particular, the Angel of the Lord in the Hebrew Bible ( Old Testament ) was identified with the logos by Philo, who also said that
4617-661: The meditations of Plotinus. In his Confessions , Augustine described logos as the Divine Eternal Word , by which he, in part, was able to motivate the early Christian thought throughout the Hellenized world (of which the Latin speaking West was a part) Augustine's logos had taken body in Christ, the man in whom the logos (i.e. veritas or sapientia ) was present as in no other man. The concept of
4698-657: The names given to a concept very much like the Christian Logos by the classical Muslim metaphysicians is ʿaql , which is the "Arabic equivalent to the Greek νοῦς (intellect)." In the writings of the Islamic neoplatonist philosophers, such as al-Farabi ( c. 872 – c. 950 AD ) and Avicenna (d. 1037), the idea of the ʿaql was presented in a manner that both resembled "the late Greek doctrine" and, likewise, "corresponded in many respects to
4779-860: The national standards organizations of member countries. Membership requirements are given in Article 3 of the ISO Statutes. ISO was founded on 23 February 1947, and (as of July 2024 ) it has published over 25,000 international standards covering almost all aspects of technology and manufacturing. It has over 800 technical committees (TCs) and subcommittees (SCs) to take care of standards development. The organization develops and publishes international standards in technical and nontechnical fields, including everything from manufactured products and technology to food safety, transport, IT, agriculture, and healthcare. More specialized topics like electrical and electronic engineering are instead handled by
4860-721: The necessary steps within the prescribed time limits. In some cases, alternative processes have been used to develop standards outside of ISO and then submit them for its approval. A more rapid "fast-track" approval procedure was used in ISO/IEC JTC 1 for the standardization of Office Open XML (OOXML, ISO/IEC 29500, approved in April 2008), and another rapid alternative "publicly available specification" (PAS) process had been used by OASIS to obtain approval of OpenDocument as an ISO/IEC standard (ISO/IEC 26300, approved in May 2006). As
4941-492: The next stage, called the "enquiry stage". After a consensus to proceed is established, the subcommittee will produce a draft international standard (DIS), and the text is submitted to national bodies for voting and comment within a period of five months. A document in the DIS stage is available to the public for purchase and may be referred to with its ISO DIS reference number. Following consideration of any comments and revision of
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#17327731725725022-411: The preparation of a working drafts. Subcommittees may have several working groups, which may have several Sub Groups (SG). It is possible to omit certain stages, if there is a document with a certain degree of maturity at the start of a standardization project, for example, a standard developed by another organization. ISO/IEC directives also allow the so-called "Fast-track procedure". In this procedure,
5103-462: The romance, Sühan appears as an embodiment of Kalima as a reference to the Word of God, the Perfect Man, and the Reality of Muhammad. Carl Jung contrasted the critical and rational faculties of logos with emotional, non-reason oriented and mythical elements. In Jung's approach, logos vs eros can be represented as "science vs mysticism", or "reason vs imagination" or "conscious activity vs
5184-517: The scheme and includes description of the assessment methods, and the criteria for suspending and withdrawing the certification. This section includes requirements for the certification process including criteria for the certification application process, assessment process, examination process, and the decision on certification. Criteria for suspending, withdrawing or reducing the scope of certification and recertification requirements are included in this section. This section also includes requirements for
5265-420: The short form ISO . ISO is derived from the Greek word isos ( ίσος , meaning "equal"). Whatever the country, whatever the language, the short form of our name is always ISO . During the founding meetings of the new organization, however, the Greek word explanation was not invoked, so this meaning may be a false etymology . Both the name ISO and the ISO logo are registered trademarks and their use
5346-402: The structure of the certification body in relation to training is included in this section. Specifically, if the certification body also offers training it must demonstrate how the impartiality of the certification is not compromised by the training. This section describes the resource requirements for certification bodies. Resource requirements include criteria for the personnel and staff of
5427-509: The subcommittee is satisfied that it has developed an appropriate technical document for the problem being addressed, it becomes a committee draft (CD) and is sent to the P-member national bodies of the SC for the collection of formal comments. Revisions may be made in response to the comments, and successive committee drafts may be produced and circulated until consensus is reached to proceed to
5508-518: The term logos along with rhema to refer to sentences and propositions. The Septuagint translation of the Hebrew Bible into Greek uses the terms rhema and logos as equivalents and uses both for the Hebrew word dabar , as the Word of God. Some modern usage in Christian theology distinguishes rhema from logos (which here refers to the written scriptures) while rhema refers to
5589-466: The term logos to mean an intermediary divine being or demiurge . Philo followed the Platonic distinction between imperfect matter and perfect Form, and therefore intermediary beings were necessary to bridge the enormous gap between God and the material world. The logos was the highest of these intermediary beings, and was called by Philo "the first-born of God". Philo also wrote that "the Logos of
5670-475: The term into Jewish philosophy . Philo distinguished between logos prophorikos ("the utterer word or speaker"), logos spermatikos("the speech") and the logos endiathetos ("the word remaining within"). The Gospel of John identifies the Christian Logos , through which all things are made, as divine ( theos ), and further identifies Jesus Christ as the incarnate Logos . Early translators of
5751-605: The three modes of persuasion alongside ethos and pathos . Pyrrhonist philosophers used the term to refer to dogmatic accounts of non-evident matters. The Stoics spoke of the logos spermatikos (the generative principle of the Universe) which foreshadows related concepts in Neoplatonism . Within Hellenistic Judaism , Philo ( c. 20 BC – c. 50 AD ) integrated
5832-414: The typical cost of a copy of an ISO standard is about US$ 120 or more (and electronic copies typically have a single-user license, so they cannot be shared among groups of people). Some standards by ISO and its official U.S. representative (and, via the U.S. National Committee, the International Electrotechnical Commission ) are made freely available. A standard published by ISO/IEC is the last stage of
5913-494: The unconscious". For Jung, logos represented the masculine principle of rationality, in contrast to its feminine counterpart, eros : Woman’s psychology is founded on the principle of Eros , the great binder and loosener, whereas from ancient times the ruling principle ascribed to man is Logos . The concept of Eros could be expressed in modern terms as psychic relatedness, and that of Logos as objective interest. Author and professor Jeanne Fahnestock describes logos as
5994-426: The use of logos "is not emotional appeal per se , but rather emotional appeals that have no 'bearing on the issue', in that the pathē [ πᾰ́θη , páthē ] they stimulate lack, or at any rate are not shown to possess, any intrinsic connection with the point at issue—as if an advocate were to try to whip an antisemitic audience into a fury because the accused is Jewish; or as if another in drumming up support for
6075-465: The use of certificates, logos and marks , and requirements associated with appeals and complaints. This section requires the certification body to establish, document, implement and maintain a management system capable of supporting the requirements of the standard. A body that has established and maintains a management system in accordance with ISO 9001 and that is capable of supporting the management system requirements of ISO/IEC 17024. Released by
6156-418: The word closely to the structure and content of language or text . Both Plato and Aristotle used the term logos (along with rhema ) to refer to sentences and propositions . Ancient Greek : λόγος , romanized : lógos , lit. 'word, discourse, or reason' is related to Ancient Greek: λέγω , romanized : légō , lit. 'I say' which
6237-403: The words of Paul Rahe: For Aristotle, logos is something more refined than the capacity to make private feelings public: it enables the human being to perform as no other animal can; it makes it possible for him to perceive and make clear to others through reasoned discourse the difference between what is advantageous and what is harmful, between what is just and what is unjust, and between what
6318-469: The words of the speech itself. Stoic philosophy began with Zeno of Citium c. 300 BC , in which the logos was the active reason pervading and animating the Universe . It was conceived as material and is usually identified with God or Nature . The Stoics also referred to the seminal logos (" logos spermatikos "), or the law of generation in the Universe, which was the principle of
6399-420: Was last reviewed and confirmed in 2018. The standard was opened for revision in 2023 and is currently undergoing revision. This version contains requirements for certification bodies for persons in the following areas: The major changes between the 2003 version and the 2012 version are within the detailed information regarding the development of the scheme for certification of persons. The 2003 version required
6480-517: Was suggested at the time by Martin Bryan, the outgoing convenor (chairman) of working group 1 (WG1) of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 34 , the rules of ISO were eventually tightened so that participating members that fail to respond to votes are demoted to observer status. The computer security entrepreneur and Ubuntu founder, Mark Shuttleworth , was quoted in a ZDNet blog article in 2008 about the process of standardization of OOXML as saying: "I think it de-values
6561-581: Was the first place where the word logos was given special attention in ancient Greek philosophy , although Heraclitus seems to use the word with a meaning not significantly different from the way in which it was used in ordinary Greek of his time. For Heraclitus, logos provided the link between rational discourse and the world's rational structure. This logos holds always but humans always prove unable to ever understand it, both before hearing it and when they have first heard it. For though all things come to be in accordance with this logos , humans are like
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