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55-846: The Conference determines the policies, direction and activities of the ITU, as well as electing the members of other ITU organs, and positions at the secretariat, namely the Secretary-General, the Deputy Secretary-General, and the Directors of the Radiocommunication, Standardization, and Development Bureaux. The 2014 Plenipotentiary Conference (PP-14) was held 20 October to 7 November 2014 in Busan ( Republic of Korea ). The 2018 Plenipotentiary Conference (PP-18)

110-634: A division system with the creation of six gu (districts): Busanjin District, Dong District, Dongnae District, Jung District, Seo District, and Yeongdo District. Today, Busan has divided into fifteen gu and one gun (county). Busan is the 2nd largest city in Korea, a maritime logistics hub in Northeast Asia with its world-class mega ports, and a gateway to the Eurasian continent. In 2017,

165-520: A Chinese school. Haedong Yonggung temple is one of three sacred places related to the Goddess Buddha. It is located right near the sea. It lies on a mountain in the front and the sea at the back. Gamcheon Cultural Village was created in the 1950s as a residential community along a mountain slope. The houses in the village are built in a staircase fashion. The village often dubbed the "Machu Picchu of Korea" attracts many tourists. In addition,

220-606: A ferry service was opened between Busan and Shimonoseki in Japan. In 1914, Dongnae-bu was reorganized into Busan-bu. In 1915, a tram was opened between Busanjin and the Dongnae Hot Springs  [ ko ] . The following year, the city tram opened. During the Japanese rule , Busan developed into a hub trading port with Japan. Busan was the only city in Korea to adopt the steam tramway before electrification

275-548: A large portion of South Korean vocabulary, the remainder being native Korean words and loanwords from other languages, such as Japanese and English to a lesser extent. Sino-Korean words are typically used in formal or literary contexts, and to express abstract or complex ideas. All Korean surnames and most Korean given names are Sino-Korean. Additionally, Korean numerals can be expressed with Sino-Korean and native Korean words, though each set of numerals has different purposes. Sino-Korean words may be written either in

330-571: A length of 7.62 km (4.73 mi) and a size of 2.66 km (1.03 sq mi), designated as Natural Monument No. 179, Daejeo Ecological Park is a habitat for migratory birds at the Nakdong River Estuary. The estuary was chosen as a trial project for the Four Major Rivers Restoration Project. The sports facilities were partially built on the upper and lower parts of the park only, while

385-632: A population of approximately 3.6 million. The full metropolitan area, the Southeastern Maritime Industrial Region , has a population of approximately 8 million. The most densely built-up areas of the city are situated in a number of narrow valleys between the Nakdong and the Suyeong Rivers, with mountains separating most of the districts. The Nakdong River is Korea's longest river and Busan's Haeundae Beach

440-406: A population of over 3.3 million inhabitants as of 2024. Formerly romanized as Pusan , it is the economic, cultural and educational center of southeastern South Korea, with its port being South Korea's busiest and the sixth-busiest in the world. The surrounding "Southeastern Maritime Industrial Region" (including Ulsan , South Gyeongsang , Daegu , and some of North Gyeongsang and South Jeolla )

495-546: A thick forest of camellias and pine trees. Tourist attractions on Dongbaek Island include a walking path and the Nurimaru APEC House, built for the 2005 APEC summit. Huinnyeoul Culture Village was created when Korean War refugees flocked to this area. It provides an unhindered view of both the Busanhang and Namhang Ports. A major backdrop of the 2013 film The Attorney , the neighborhood was also featured in

550-660: Is Beomeosa , the city's main Korean Buddhist temple. Yongdusan Park occupies 69,000 square meters/17 acres (7 ha) and is home to the Busan Tower , Yongdusan Art Gallery, and the Busan Aquarium , the largest aquarium in South Korea. The park supports approximately seventy different species of trees and is a tourist destination, with various cultural events throughout the year. Dongnae District

605-638: Is Tsushima , Japan , with a distance of about 49.5 km (30.8 mi). The closest Japanese mainland area to Busan is Fukuoka , and the distance from Busan to Fukuoka is about 180 km (112 miles). Busan and Fukuoka are sister cities. Located on the southeasternmost tip of the Korean Peninsula , Busan has a cooler version of a humid subtropical climate , bordering on a subtropical monsoon climate influenced by East Asian monsoon ( Köppen : Cfa , bordering on Cwa ). Extremely high or low temperatures are rare. The highest temperature ever recorded

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660-467: Is 37.3 °C (99.1 °F) on 14 August 2016 while the lowest temperature ever recorded is −14.0 °C (6.8 °F) on 13 January 1915. May to July, late Springs and early Summers, are usually cooler than inland regions because of the ocean effect. Late Summer, and early Fall, August, and September, are generally hot and humid and the city may experience typhoons at that time and be generally rainy. On September 15, 1959, Super Typhoon Sarah passed by

715-485: Is South Korea's largest industrial area. The large volumes of port traffic and urban population in excess of 1 million make Busan a Large-Port metropolis using the Southampton System of Port-City classification. As of 2019, Busan Port is the primary port in Korea and the world's sixth-largest container port . Busan is divided into 15 major administrative districts and a single county , together housing

770-887: Is a long white-sand beach, extending for about 1.8 kilometers, and is particularly popular among families with young children as a vacation spot because the waters are quite shallow. Every summer, the Gaetmaeul Outdoor Drama Festival is held on this beach. The festival features diverse performances of traditional Korean music, outdoor dramas, mime shows, and other performance art forms. Sino-Korean vocabulary Sino-Korean vocabulary or Hanja-eo ( Korean :  한자어 ; Hanja :  漢字 語 ) refers to Korean words of Chinese origin. Sino-Korean vocabulary includes words borrowed directly from Chinese, as well as new Korean words created from Chinese characters , and words borrowed from Sino-Japanese vocabulary . Many of these terms were borrowed during

825-463: Is a wealthy and traditional residential area. Dongnae Oncheon is a natural spa area with many baths, tourist hotels, restaurants, clubs, and shopping areas. Many restaurants in the area use family recipes. Chungnyeolsa is a Confucian shrine for soldiers who died during the 16th-century battle against the Japanese at Dongnae Fortress. Taejongdae is a natural park with cliffs facing the open sea on

880-526: Is also home to "Seomyeon Medical Street", the district encompassing the 1 km-radius range around Lotte Department Store in Seomyeon and the Buam subway station. The Street is home to a total of 160 cosmetic and other medical clinics, including those specializing in cosmetic surgery , dermatology, ophthalmology and dentistry. Directly adjacent to Seomyeon is Bujeon Market, the largest traditional market in

935-639: Is also the country's largest. Busan is a center for international conventions, hosting an APEC summit in 2005. It is also a center for sports tournaments in Korea, having hosted the 2002 Asian Games and FIFA World Cup . It is home to the world's largest department store , the Shinsegae Centum City . Busan was added to the UNESCO Creative Cities Network as a "City of Film" in December 2014. The name "Busan"

990-477: Is called the summer capital of Korea since it attracts tourists from all over the country to its six beaches. Luxury hotels and a carnival boardwalk line the beach at Haeundae . Gwangalli Beach has cafés, bars, and restaurants along the beach, and the Grand Gwangan Bridge. Other beaches include Dadaepo Beach on the west edge of the city and Songdo Beach , which is south-central. Haeundae Beach

1045-409: Is located between Haeundae Beach and Gwangalli Beach . The waterfront park, with an area of 33,507m², can accommodate as many as 40,000 visitors. The floor of the park is decorated with colorful blocks, and the park provides visitors a perfect chance to relax and features flower gardens, gazebos and benches. If you sit on the 3,040–wide stand, you can dip your feet in the water during high tide. With

1100-563: Is one of the most famous beaches in Korea. The 2009 film Tidal Wave (2009) is about a tsunami hitting Busan at this beach. Geumjeongsan to the west is a weekend hiking spot for Busan residents. To the north, the neighborhoods around Pusan National University (also known as PNU, which is one of the most highly recognized national institutes of higher education in Korea) have student theaters, cafés, bars, and restaurants, as well as open-air cultural street performances on weekend nights. Nearby

1155-654: Is the Revised Romanization of the city's Korean name since the late 15th century. It officially replaced the earlier McCune–Reischauer romanization Pusan in 2000. During the Japanese colonial period , the Japanese reading of the city's name was "Fuzan". The name 釜山 (now written 부산 using the Korean alphabet ) is Sino-Korean for "Cauldron Mountain", believed to be a former name of Mt   Hwangnyeong ( Korean :  황령산 ; Hanja :  荒嶺山 ; RR :  Hwangnyeongsan ) west of

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1210-727: The International Federation of Freight Forwarders Associations (FIATA) World Congress is scheduled to be hosted in Busan in 2020. (Busan New Port) The city is also known for its global MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions) industry. The city's convention and exhibition zone have excellent conditions and infrastructure to host large-scale international events, which includes BEXCO in Centum City , Nurimaru APEC House, and hotels nearby natural environments. Major international conferences in Busan include

1265-1075: The North Sea . Moreover, the city is a center of marine science and R&D, and home to a number of relevant institutions, such as the Korea Maritime Institute (KMI), the Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), the National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA), and the Korea National Maritime Museum, located in Dongsam Innovation Complex in Yeongdo District. Moreover,

1320-427: The transfer station between Busan Subway Line 1 and Line 2 . Seomyeon subway station is also home to a large number of underground stores, selling a variety of products, predominantly clothing, and footwear. These are small stores selling locally produced products. The local head offices of Korean and international banks are located in Seomyeon. It is recognized as the ascendant shopping and entertainment district. It

1375-415: The 1592–1598 Japanese invasions of Korea , various fortresses in the area defended Busan against the invasion. Fortresses included Busanjinseong , Dadaeposeong  [ ko ] , and Dongnaeeupseong. Civilians formed righteous armies (volunteer militias) and joined in the fight. After the siege and capture of Busanjin in 1592, most of Busanjin's Korean prisoners and civilians were massacred. After

1430-865: The 2005 APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting , ASEAN–Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit 2014, and 2018 African Development Bank Group Annual Meetings. (BEXCO) Busan is also a center of finance. Korea Exchange (KRX), Korea's sole securities exchange operator, is headquartered in Busan. The city is home to a number of financial institutions, such as the Korea Technology Finance Corporation, Korea Asset Management Corporation, Korea Housing-Finance Corporation, Korea Housing & Urban Guarantee Corporation, Korea Securities Depository, Korea Maritime Guarantee Insurance, Maritime Finance Center, The Korea Shipping and Maritime Transportation Co., Ltd, Korea Asset Management Corporation, and BNK Financial Group. Commercial areas are dispersed throughout

1485-503: The 2012 film Nameless Gangster: Rules of the Time . The small houses that stand shoulder to shoulder form the signature look of Busan, which is often remembered as a city of the sea and hilly neighborhoods. The village continues to attract an increasing number of visitors with its new cafes, workshops, and guesthouses. Millak Waterfront Park is the first waterfront park in Korea, combines the oceanfront with public leisure facilities. The park

1540-752: The Korean alphabet, known as Hangul , or in Chinese characters, known as Hanja . Sino-Korean words borrowed directly from Chinese come mainly from Chinese classics , literature , and colloquial Chinese. These words below were created in Korea using Chinese characters. They are not used in China, Japan, nor Vietnam. Sino-Korean words borrowed from Sino-Japanese are used only in Korean and Japanese, not in Chinese. The Middle Chinese final consonants were semivowels (or glides ) /j/ and /w/, nasals /m/, /n/ and /ŋ/, and stops /p/, /t/ and /k/. Sino-Korean preserves all

1595-519: The Korean vocabulary. The use of Chinese and Chinese characters in Korea dates back to at least 194 BCE . While Sino-Korean words were widely used during the Three Kingdoms period, they became even more popular during the Silla period. During this time, male aristocrats changed their given names to Sino-Korean names. Additionally, the government changed all official titles and place names in

1650-805: The North Port, and 23 berths at the Busan New Port (including 2 multi-purpose berths). The port is part of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road that runs from the Chinese coast to Singapore , towards the southern tip of India to Mombasa , from there through the Red Sea via the Suez Canal to the Mediterranean , there to the Upper Adriatic region to the northern Italian hub of Trieste with its connections to Central Europe and

1705-600: The city center. The area's ancient state Mt   Geochil ( 거칠산국 ; 居柒山國 ; Geochilsan-guk , "Rough-Mountain Land") is similarly thought to refer to the same mountain, which towers over the town's harbor on the Suyeong. (The later Silla district of Geochilsan-gun was renamed Dongnae in 757.) The area that Busan now occupies was inhabited during the Neolithic period. Artifacts dating to this period discovered near

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1760-531: The city near busy intersections and adjacent to university campuses, but the two largest central business districts in Busan are Seomyeon and Gwangbok-dong/Nampo-dong. There are also four substantial shopping areas of note: Seomyeon, Gwangbok-dong, Busan Daehak-ga in Jangjeon-dong, and Centum City in Haeundae District. Seomyeon Station is one of the busiest subway stations in Korea; it is

1815-716: The city, such as Homeplus , e-mart , and Costco . Busan's major hotels include The Westin Chosun Busan, Paradise Busan, and Park Hyatt Busan. In 2017, Ananti Hilton Busan opened in the Gijang-eup district. Primary and secondary schools: Busan not only features a variety of antique and souvenir shops, but also unique restaurants, attractions and accommodations. Nampo-dong is a central shopping and café district. The area around Pukyong National University and Kyungsung University also has many cafés, bars, and restaurants attracting college students and youth. Busan

1870-399: The city. The Gwangbok-dong, Nampo-dong , and Jungang-dong areas form the old central business district. Some of the restaurants in this district use family recipes passed down through the generations. Jagalchi Market , a large seafood market, is located in this area. The Gukje Market is also nearby. Jungang-dong is the home of many international law offices, the old Immigration Office, and

1925-462: The coast of the city and caused catastrophic damage. An unusually severe storm on September 12, 2003, Typhoon Maemi , also caused damage to ships and buildings and resulted in over 48 fatalities. Typhoon Hinnamnor on September 6, 2022, caused destruction in Busan as a category 2, producing high waves, destructive winds, and flooding. Busan is the most prone city in South Korea to typhoons and other natural disasters. October and November are generally

1980-501: The coasts include stone tools, pottery, sea shells, and animal bones. Fishing was a primary food source for people of this period. Bronze Age artifacts have been uncovered further inland. By this period, agriculture was practiced. Around the first century, a chiefdom called Koch'ilsan-guk ( 거칠산국 ; 居漆山國 ) existed around what is now Dongnae District . At some point, it was absorbed by Silla and made an administrative division called Koch'ilsan-gun ( 거칠산군 ; 居漆山郡 ). In 757, it

2035-739: The country to Sino-Korean. Sino-Korean words remained popular during the Goryeo and Joseon periods. Ultimately, the majority of Sino-Korean words were introduced before 1945, including Sino-Japanese words themselves that were introduced to Korea during Japanese Occupation . In the contemporary era, Sino-Korean vocabulary has continued to grow in South Korea , where the meanings of Chinese characters are used to produce new words in Korean that do not exist in Chinese. By contrast, North Korean policy has called for many Sino-Korean words to be replaced by native Korean terms. Sino-Korean words constitute

2090-577: The few areas in Korea that remained under the control of South Korea throughout the Korean War , for some time it served as a de facto capital of South Korea. UN troops established a defensive perimeter around the city known as the Pusan Perimeter in the summer and fall of 1950. Since then, the city has been a self-governing metropolis and has built a strong urban character. In 1963, Busan separated from South Gyeongsang Province to become

2145-420: The first Directly Governed City  [ ko ] of South Korea. In 1983, the provincial capital of Gyeongsangnam-do was moved from Busan to Changwon . Busan is located on the southeastern tip of the Korean Peninsula . It is located on the coast, which determined the development of the whole city itself. The distance from Busan to Seoul is about 314 km (195 mi). Busan borders low mountains on

2200-526: The first place in Korea to have sweet potatoes , which arrived from Tsushima Island in Japan. In 1759, the population was reportedly 25,753 people in 6,657 households. In 1876, Busan became the first international port in Korea under the terms of the Treaty of Ganghwa . In 1877, a concession was established in Busan, and consulates of Japan, Qing , and the United Kingdom were established. In 1883,

2255-547: The fortress Dongnaeeupseong was established in the area. In 1423, the port of Busan ( 부산포 ) and a waegwan (Japanese concession community) were established. During the reign of King Sejong the Great (r. 1418–1450), the population in Dongnae-hyeon was reportedly 2,416 people in 290 households. In Dongpyeong-hyeon, it was 627 people in 108 households. The waegwan was closed in 1510, but reopened in 1512. During

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2310-573: The height of Chinese-language literature on Korean culture. Subsequently, many of these words have also been truncated or altered for the Korean language. Estimates of the percentage of Sino-Korean ranges from as low as 30% to as high as 70%. According to the Standard Korean Language Dictionary published by the National Institute of Korean Language (NIKL), Sino-Korean represents approximately 57% of

2365-604: The international ferry terminal serving Japanese routes. Lotte World II is currently under construction along the water between Jungang-dong 7-Ga and 8-Ga. Centum City , an industrial complex, contains luxury department stores. Busan has many major department stores, including Lotte Department Store (located in Seomyeon, Centum City, Gwangbok-dong and Dongnae), Lotte Premium Outlet (in Gimhae and Gijang), Shinsegae Premium Outlet (in Gijang), as well as large supermarket chains across

2420-529: The island of Yeongdo . The area known as the "Foreigners' Shopping Street", but commonly referred to as "Texas Street" near part of the Port of Busan, and adjacent to the front entrance to the Busan Train Station ( 부산역 ) has many businesses that cater to the local Russian population, as well as the crews of foreign ships. The area was originally the location of the local Chinatown and still contains

2475-447: The maritime city recorded a GRDP of US$ 758.4 billion with a per capita GRDP of US$ 22,000. The city's economy is made up of the service industry (70.3%), manufacturing (19.8%), construction (5.9%), agriculture & fisheries (0.8%), and other sectors (3.2%). As the 6th largest port in the world, the port of Busan processed 21.81 million TEU of container cargo volume in 2020. The port's container terminal has 43 berths - 20 berths at

2530-415: The most comfortable, with clear skies and pleasant temperatures. Winters are cool and comparatively dry with high winds, but much milder than other parts of Korea, except Jeju Province and several islands off the southern coast. Busan and the nearby area have the least snow compared to other regions of Korea due to its location. Snow falls on an average of only about 4 days per year. In 1957, Busan adopted

2585-624: The north and west, and the seas on the south and east. The Nakdong River Delta is located on the west side of the city, and Geumjeongsan , the highest mountain in the city, is on the north. The Nakdong River , South Korea's longest river, flows through the west and empties into the Korea Strait . The southeastern region, called Yeongnam in Korea, encompasses both Gyeongsang Provinces and 3 metropolitan cities of Busan, Daegu and Ulsan . Ulsan lies northeast of Busan. The combined population exceeds 13 million. The closest overseas area to Busan

2640-466: The port was opened, and a Busan Customs Office ( 부산해관 ; 釜山海關 ) was established. In 1895, Dongnae-bu was made part of South Gyeongsang Province . It was demoted to a gun in 1903, and made a bu again in 1906. After the beginning of the 1910–1945 Japanese colonial period , in 1914 it was made a gun again. In 1908, Busan was connected to the Gyeongbu Line via Busan station . In 1909,

2695-814: The rest of the park underwent a restoration of its wetlands and natural grassland. In the garden inside the park, you can find a large-scale habitat for prickly water lilies, which are part of the Endangered Species Level II classification. Many interesting festivals, such as the Nakdong Riverside Cherry Blossom Festival, the Busan Nakdong River Canola Flower Festival, and the Daejeo Tomato Festival are held around this park every year. Ilgwang Beach

2750-471: The village received a special mention during the 3rd edition of the international award ceremony, "UCLG-MEXICO CITY-Culture 21". Busan Citizens Park (formerly Camp Hialeah) is a former Imperial Japanese Army base and United States Army camp located in the Busanjin District. Dongbaekseom is located at the southern end of Haeundae Beach . The island creates a picturesque scene in harmony with

2805-510: The war, diplomatic relations with the new shogunate in Japan were established in 1607, and Busan was permitted to be reconstructed. In 1605, the shrine Songgongsa was built to honor those who died defending Korea during the invasions. The shrine was dubbed Chungnyeolsa in 1624. In 1607, a waegwan was reestablished in Dumopo ( 두모포 ; 豆毛浦 ); in 1678 it was moved to Choryang ( 초량 ; 草梁 ; now around Yongdusan ). In 1763, Busan became

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2860-660: Was elected for a second term as Director of the Radiocommunication Bureau (the Secretariat of ITU-R ). Seizo Onoe (of Japan) was elected Director of the Telecommunication Standardization Bureau (the Secretariat of ITU-T ). Busan Busan ( Korean :  부산 , pronounced [pusan] ), officially Busan Metropolitan City , is South Korea's second most populous city after Seoul , with

2915-551: Was held from 29 October until 16 November in Dubai ( United Arab Emirates ). The conference elected the following ITU officers at the secretariat: The 2022 Plenipotentiary Conference (PP-22) was held from 26 September until 8 October in Bucharest , Romania . It elected Doreen Bogdan-Martin to serve as ITU Secretary General and Tomas Lamanauskas to serve as ITU Deputy Secretary-General for 2023-2026. Mario Maniewicz (of Uruguay)

2970-464: Was introduced in 1924. During the Korean War , Busan was one of only two cities in South Korea not captured by the North Korean army within the first three months of the war, the other being Daegu . As a result, the cities became refugee camp sites for Koreans during the war. According to The Korea Times , around 500,000 refugees were located in Busan in early 1951. As Busan was one of

3025-538: Was renamed Dongnae-gun ( 동래군 ). In 835, the Buddhist temple Beomeosa was founded in the area. In the Goryeo period (918–1392), the local Dongnae Jeong clan  [ ko ] became a prominent presence in Korean politics. By this point, Dongnae's hot springs became famous, and have been attested to in writings of this period. By the end of the period, raids from wokou (Japanese pirates) intensified. One such invasion occurred in 1396. To defend against this,

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