Misplaced Pages

#439560

84-667: The Osaka Metro Imazatosuji Line ( 今里筋線 , Imazatosuji-sen ) is a rapid transit line of Osaka Metro , running from Itakano Station in Higashiyodogawa-ku to Imazato Station in Higashinari-ku , all within Osaka city. Its official name is Rapid Electric Tramway Line No. 8 ( 高速電気軌道第8号線 ) , and in MLIT publications, it is written as Line No. 8 (Imazatosuji Line) ( 8号線（今里筋線） ) . Station numbers are indicated by

168-425: A body of water), which are potential congestion sites but also offer an opportunity for transfers between lines. Ring lines provide good coverage, connect between the radial lines and serve tangential trips that would otherwise need to cross the typically congested core of the network. A rough grid pattern can offer a wide variety of routes while still maintaining reasonable speed and frequency of service. A study of

252-454: A code for its stations. Unlike that of Singapore's MRT, it is mostly numbers. Based on the line number, for example Sinyongsan station, is coded as station 429. Being on Line 4, the first number of the station code is 4. The last two numbers are the station number on that line. Interchange stations can have multiple codes. Like City Hall station in Seoul which is served by Line 1 and Line 2. It has

336-651: A code of 132 and 201 respectively. The Line 2 is a circle line and the first stop is City Hall, therefore, City Hall has the station code of 201. For lines without a number like Bundang line it will have an alphanumeric code. Lines without a number that are operated by KORAIL will start with the letter 'K'. With widespread use of the Internet and cell phones globally, transit operators now use these technologies to present information to their users. In addition to online maps and timetables, some transit operators now offer real-time information which allows passengers to know when

420-583: A conventional track is often provided in case of flat tires and for switching . There are also some rubber-tired systems that use a central guide rail , such as the Sapporo Municipal Subway and the NeoVal system in Rennes , France. Advocates of this system note that it is much quieter than conventional steel-wheeled trains, and allows for greater inclines given the increased traction of

504-405: A dedicated right-of-way are typically used only outside dense areas, since they create a physical barrier in the urban fabric that hinders the flow of people and vehicles across their path and have a larger physical footprint. This method of construction is the cheapest as long as land values are low. It is often used for new systems in areas that are planned to fill up with buildings after the line

588-595: A direct connection to the Midōsuji Line, or to Bampaku-kinen-kōen to connect to the Osaka Monorail . In spite of these ideas, in addition to the fiscal considerations concerning the southern extension, there is also the matter of a northern extension being outside Osaka city, making it even more unlikely. On 1 April 2019, the Imazato Liner  [ ja ] bus rapid transit line began operations;

672-418: A large number of factors, including geographical barriers, existing or expected travel patterns, construction costs, politics, and historical constraints. A transit system is expected to serve an area of land with a set of lines , which consist of shapes summarized as "I", "L", "U", "S", and "O" shapes or loops. Geographical barriers may cause chokepoints where transit lines must converge (for example, to cross

756-652: A large part of the network, for example, in outer suburbs, runs at ground level. In most of Britain , a subway is a pedestrian underpass . The terms Underground and Tube are used for the London Underground . The North East England Tyne and Wear Metro , mostly overground, is known as the Metro . In Scotland , the Glasgow Subway underground rapid transit system is known as the Subway . In Ireland ,

840-452: A line is obtained by multiplying the car capacity, the train length, and the service frequency . Heavy rapid transit trains might have six to twelve cars, while lighter systems may use four or fewer. Cars have a capacity of 100 to 150 passengers, varying with the seated to standing ratio  – more standing gives higher capacity. The minimum time interval between trains is shorter for rapid transit than for mainline railways owing to

924-615: A metro. In Spain, such systems are present in Madrid , Barcelona , Bilbao and Valencia . In Portugal, Lisbon has a metro. The Italian cities of Catania , Genoa , Milan , Naples , Rome and Turin also have metro lines. In Germany and Austria they rapid transit is known as U-Bahn , which are often supported by S-Bahn systems. In Germany, U-Bahn systems exist in Berlin , Hamburg , Munich and Nuremberg , while in Austria such

SECTION 10

#1732772367440

1008-444: A rapid transit setting. Osaka University of Economics Osaka University of Economics ( 大阪経済大学 , Ōsaka keizai daigaku ) , is a private university located in Higashiyodogawa-ku, Osaka , Japan. It was founded in 1932 as Naniwa Higher Commercial School (浪華高等商業学校 ). A few years later, difficulties fell upon the school and it was about to be abolished. In 1935, with the large donation by Dr. Iwao Kokusho (黒正巌, 1895–1949),

1092-565: A specialized transit police may be established. These security measures are normally integrated with measures to protect revenue by checking that passengers are not travelling without paying. Some subway systems, such as the Beijing Subway , which is ranked by Worldwide Rapid Transit Data as the "World's Safest Rapid Transit Network" in 2015, incorporates airport-style security checkpoints at every station. Rapid transit systems have been subject to terrorism with many casualties, such as

1176-578: A stable financial base for a southward extension, was seen as extremely low. In addition, Osaka city had changed its future outlook for the Municipal Transportation Bureau from one of conversion to public holding / private operation to "full privatization including the possibility being listed on the stock exchange"; if this were to go ahead, the chance of the line's completion according to the original plans would go from slim to nearly none. Since that time, however, Kunio Hiramatsu

1260-608: A system exists in Vienna . In addition, the small, car-free town of Serfaus in the Austrian state of Tyrol also features a short U-Bahn line. There are no U-Bahn systems in the German-speaking part of Switzerland, but the city of Lausanne has its own, small metro system. In Zurich, Switzerland's largest city, a project for a U-Bahn network was stopped by a referendum in the 1970s and instead its S-Bahn system

1344-1143: Is a marked contrast with the Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line (constructed at the height of the Bubble years ), where the design of each station is different and representative of the surrounding area. Many of the stations feature adjacent underground bicycle parking. In addition, stations belonging only to the Imazatosuji Line (or exits of existing stations opened with the line) feature a large, bright-orange gate designed to be visible from far away. An extension southward from Imazato to Yuzato Rokuchōme in Higashisumiyoshi-ku , originally slated as Phase II of construction, has been deferred. All stations are in Osaka. Keihan Main Line All trains stop at every station on their route. Most trains operate between Itakano and Imazato; in

1428-801: Is a shortened reference to a metropolitan area . Rapid transit systems such as the Washington Metrorail , Los Angeles Metro Rail , the Miami Metrorail , and the Montreal Metro are generally called the Metro . In Philadelphia , the term "El" is used for the Market–Frankford Line which runs mostly on an elevated track, while the term "subway" applies to the Broad Street Line which is almost entirely underground. Chicago 's commuter rail system that serves

1512-608: Is a single corporate image for the entire transit authority, but the rapid transit uses its own logo that fits into the profile. A transit map is a topological map or schematic diagram used to show the routes and stations in a public transport system. The main components are color-coded lines to indicate each line or service, with named icons to indicate stations. Maps may show only rapid transit or also include other modes of public transport. Transit maps can be found in transit vehicles, on platforms , elsewhere in stations, and in printed timetables . Maps help users understand

1596-423: Is a train depot on a spur between Shimizu and Shimmori-Furuichi; the tracks continue on from there towards Tsurumi-ryokuchi on the Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line, and the two lines share the same yard (Tsurumi Workshop). According to data collected on 1 March 2007, two months after the line's opening, daily ridership on the Imazatosuji Line (all stations, including transfer passengers) was 37,000, less than one-third

1680-506: Is built. Most rapid transit trains are electric multiple units with lengths from three to over ten cars. Crew sizes have decreased throughout history, with some modern systems now running completely unstaffed trains. Other trains continue to have drivers, even if their only role in normal operation is to open and close the doors of the trains at stations. Power is commonly delivered by a third rail or by overhead wires . The whole London Underground network uses fourth rail and others use

1764-416: Is necessary, rolling stock with a smaller loading gauge from one sub network may be transported along other lines that use larger trains. On some networks such operations are part of normal services. Most rapid transit systems use conventional standard gauge railway track . Since tracks in subway tunnels are not exposed to rain , snow , or other forms of precipitation , they are often fixed directly to

SECTION 20

#1732772367440

1848-555: Is referred to simply as "the subway", despite 40% of the system running above ground. The term "L" or "El" is not used for elevated lines in general as the lines in the system are already designated with letters and numbers. The "L" train or L (New York City Subway service) refers specifically to the 14th Street–Canarsie Local line, and not other elevated trains. Similarly, the Toronto Subway is referred to as "the subway", with some of its system also running above ground. These are

1932-412: Is serviced by at least one specific route with trains stopping at all or some of the line's stations. Most systems operate several routes, and distinguish them by colors, names, numbering, or a combination thereof. Some lines may share track with each other for a portion of their route or operate solely on their own right-of-way. Often a line running through the city center forks into two or more branches in

2016-748: Is the most commonly used term for underground rapid transit systems used by non-native English speakers. Rapid transit systems may be named after the medium by which passengers travel in busy central business districts ; the use of tunnels inspires names such as subway , underground , Untergrundbahn ( U-Bahn ) in German, or the Tunnelbana (T-bana) in Swedish. The use of viaducts inspires names such as elevated ( L or el ), skytrain , overhead , overground or Hochbahn in German. One of these terms may apply to an entire system, even if

2100-627: The Dublin Area Rapid Transit is despite the name considered a commuter rail due to usage of mainline railways. In France, large cities, such as Paris , Marseille and Lyon , feature a Métro . Also the smaller cities of Lille Rennes have a light metro. Furthermore, Brussels in Belgium, and Amsterdam and Rotterdam in the Netherlands have metro systems in place. Several Southern European contries also have

2184-752: The Hudson and Manhattan Railroad K-series cars from 1958, the New York City Subway R38 and R42 cars from the late-1960s, and the Nagoya Municipal Subway 3000 series , Osaka Municipal Subway 10 series and MTR M-Train EMUs from the 1970s, were generally only made possible largely due to the relatively generous loading gauges of these systems and also adequate open-air sections to dissipate hot air from these air conditioning units. Especially in some rapid transit systems such as

2268-429: The London Underground . In 1868, New York opened the elevated West Side and Yonkers Patent Railway , initially a cable-hauled line using stationary steam engines . As of 2021 , China has the largest number of rapid transit systems in the world  – 40 in number, running on over 4,500 km (2,800 mi) of track – and was responsible for most of the world's rapid-transit expansion in

2352-740: The Metropolitan Railway opened publicly in London in 1863. High capacity monorails with larger and longer trains can be classified as rapid transit systems. Such monorail systems recently started operating in Chongqing and São Paulo . Light metro is a subclass of rapid transit that has the speed and grade separation of a "full metro" but is designed for smaller passenger numbers. It often has smaller loading gauges, lighter train cars and smaller consists of typically two to four cars. Light metros are typically used as feeder lines into

2436-578: The Montreal Metro (opened 1966) and Sapporo Municipal Subway (opened 1971), their entirely enclosed nature due to their use of rubber-tyred technology to cope with heavy snowfall experienced by both cities in winter precludes any air-conditioning retrofits of rolling stock due to the risk of heating the tunnels to temperatures that would be too hot for passengers and for train operations. In many cities, metro networks consist of lines operating different sizes and types of vehicles. Although these sub-networks may not often be connected by track, in cases when it

2520-541: The Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line , the Imazatosuji Line utilizes linear motor -driven trains with a cross-section 20% smaller than that of conventional subway cars, outfitted for driver-only operation . The line runs north–south through the eastern part of Osaka city, underneath National Route 479 (Osaka Inner Loop Route), National Route 163, National Route 1 (Keihan National Highway), and Imazatosuji, intersecting subway lines radiating out from

2604-601: The Osaka Business Park station on the Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line). Because of this, it also features a greater number of steep grades compared to existing lines. The ground stratum the Imazatosuji Line runs through is a "super-soft clay deposit", which is soft and has a high water content; in many instances, bulldozers were useless in excavating the soil. Absorbent cylindrical piles made of chalk were driven in an effort to stabilize

Imazatosuji Line - Misplaced Pages Continue

2688-589: The Prague Metro . The London Underground and Paris Métro are densely built systems with a matrix of crisscrossing lines throughout the cities. The Chicago 'L' has most of its lines converging on The Loop , the main business, financial, and cultural area. Some systems have a circular line around the city center connecting to radially arranged outward lines, such as the Moscow Metro 's Koltsevaya Line and Beijing Subway 's Line 10 . The capacity of

2772-685: The Singapore MRT , Changi Airport MRT station has the alphanumeric code CG2, indicating its position as the 2nd station on the Changi Airport branch of the East West Line. Interchange stations have at least two codes, for example, Raffles Place MRT station has two codes, NS26 and EW14, the 26th station on the North South Line and the 14th station on the East West Line. The Seoul Metro is another example that utilizes

2856-703: The Yotsubashi Line , or the Sakaisuji Line . It passes briefly outside Osaka city, with some of the vicinity of Taishibashi-Imaichi being in Moriguchi. The area around the line is predominantly residential. Station platforms were the first in the Osaka subway network to be outfitted with automatic platform gates , which are 1.3 m (4 ft 3 in) in height and open and close simultaneously with train doors. Platform edges were designed to be adjusted in 1 mm (0.039 in) increments, so that

2940-450: The deep tube lines . Historically, rapid transit trains used ceiling fans and openable windows to provide fresh air and piston-effect wind cooling to riders. From the 1950s to the 1990s (and in most of Europe until the 2000s), many rapid transit trains from that era were also fitted with forced-air ventilation systems in carriage ceiling units for passenger comfort. Early rapid transit rolling stock fitted with air conditioning , such as

3024-409: The linear motor for propulsion. Some urban rail lines are built to a loading gauge as large as that of main-line railways ; others are built to a smaller one and have tunnels that restrict the size and sometimes the shape of the train compartments. One example is most of the London Underground , which has acquired the informal term "tube train" due to the cylindrical shape of the trains used on

3108-432: The 15 world largest subway systems suggested a universal shape composed of a dense core with branches radiating from it. Rapid transit operators have often built up strong brands , often focused on easy recognition – to allow quick identification even in the vast array of signage found in large cities – combined with the desire to communicate speed, safety, and authority. In many cities, there

3192-488: The 1995 Tokyo subway sarin gas attack and the 2005 " 7/7 " terrorist bombings on the London Underground. Some rapid transport trains have extra features such as wall sockets, cellular reception, typically using a leaky feeder in tunnels and DAS antennas in stations, as well as Wi-Fi connectivity. The first metro system in the world to enable full mobile phone reception in underground stations and tunnels

3276-621: The 2010s. The world's longest single-operator rapid transit system by route length is the Shanghai Metro . The world's largest single rapid transit service provider by number of stations (472 stations in total) is the New York City Subway . The busiest rapid transit systems in the world by annual ridership are the Shanghai Metro, Tokyo subway system , Seoul Metro and the Moscow Metro . The term Metro

3360-532: The 21st century, most new expansions and systems are located in Asia, with China becoming the world's leader in metro expansion, operating some of the largest and busiest systems while possessing almost 60 cities that are operating, constructing or planning a rapid transit system . Rapid transit is used for local transport in cities , agglomerations , and metropolitan areas to transport large numbers of people often short distances at high frequency . The extent of

3444-656: The BRT service (which consists of two routes known as BRT1 and BRT2) connects the Imazato station with the southeastern portions of the city that are not served by the Tanimachi Line, including Kumata and Yuzato Rokuchōme. Both routes diverge at Tōbu-shijō-mae (which is served by the Yamatoji Line ), where BRT1 continues to Nagai on the Midōsuji Line and BRT2 continues to Tennōji . At the time of implementation, it

Imazatosuji Line - Misplaced Pages Continue

3528-530: The Midori 1-chōme intersection), with a radius of 83 m (272 ft); this is the tightest curve on any Osaka subway line (excluding inter-line connections and depots). Trains must reduce speed to 30 km/h (19 mph) in this area. Because of these engineering difficulties, the expected 1/3 cost savings of employing smaller cross-section tunnels and linear motor trains did not emerge; instead, construction costs ballooned to ¥271.8 billion. While planned as

3612-518: The Osaka streetcar network to the city center and serving as a major transport corridor of eastern Osaka. However, due to increasing automobile use, trolleybus service was ended in 1969. While city buses continued serving the same corridor, they encountered frequent delays due to traffic. As a result, a subway line was planned to interface with the existing rail network. In the 10th report of the Transport Policy Committee in 1989,

3696-478: The beginning of rapid transit. Initial experiences with steam engines, despite ventilation, were unpleasant. Experiments with pneumatic railways failed in their extended adoption by cities. In 1890, the City & South London Railway was the first electric-traction rapid transit railway, which was also fully underground. Prior to opening, the line was to be called the "City and South London Subway", thus introducing

3780-770: The city center, as well as the Keihan Main Line and the Katamachi Line (Gakkentoshi Line). Apart from the JR Tōzai Line , this is the only other rail line to cross the Yodo River via tunnels (and the only subway line to do so). It is the only subway line to pass entirely outside the Osaka Loop Line , and the only conventional subway line that does not have any connections to the Midōsuji Line ,

3864-414: The display of the transit network. Often this has the effect of compressing the distance between stations in the outer area of the system, and expanding distances between those close to the center. Some systems assign unique alphanumeric codes to each of their stations to help commuters identify them, which briefly encodes information about the line it is on, and its position on the line. For example, on

3948-540: The entire line had to be constructed at least 10 m (33 ft) below street level; in particular, where the line crosses the Neya River and No. 2 Neya River, it reaches over 30 m (98 ft) below ground (between Shigino and Midoribashi, where it crosses the No. 2 Neya River, it reaches 37 m (121 ft), the greatest depth of any line in the Osaka subway network; however, the line's stations are not as deep as

4032-611: The entire metropolitan area is called Metra (short for Met ropolitan Ra il), while its rapid transit system that serves the city is called the "L" . Boston's subway system is known locally as "The T". In Atlanta , the Metropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority goes by the acronym "MARTA." In the San Francisco Bay Area , residents refer to Bay Area Rapid Transit by its acronym "BART". The New York City Subway

4116-440: The first of two phases of construction, the segment between Itakano and Imazato alone cost ¥271.8 billion to build. If the extension of the line to its intended terminus at Yuzato Rokuchōme were to continue as planned, assessment and construction would have cost an additional ¥132 billion, substantially increasing the financial burden on Osaka city. For this reason, then-mayor Junichi Seki ran for re-election in 2005 promising to bring

4200-516: The floor rather than resting on ballast , such as normal railway tracks. An alternate technology, using rubber tires on narrow concrete or steel roll ways , was pioneered on certain lines of the Paris Métro and Mexico City Metro , and the first completely new system to use it was in Montreal , Canada. On most of these networks, additional horizontal wheels are required for guidance, and

4284-528: The future. However, on 28 August 2014, the extension to Yuzato Rokuchōme was mothballed, and the Osaka Municipal Transportation Bureau has considered light rail or bus rapid transit for further expansion of public transit services within Osaka, citing the high cost of building subway extensions and eventual privatization. In addition to the originally-planned southern extension, there have also been considerations of extending

SECTION 50

#1732772367440

4368-445: The gap between platform and train is much smaller than on other lines. Stations also have toilets compatible with ostomy pouching systems , and, apart from Taishibashi-Imaichi, two large elevators designed with the ability to transport passengers who suffer medical emergencies. In order to drive down construction costs, stations are designed to have as many elements in common as possible. Platforms are also designed to be identical. This

4452-438: The ground, but had relatively little effect. The northernmost part of the line runs under narrow streets, less than 8 m (26 ft) across in the case of Daidō-Toyosato – Zuikō Yonchōme. Because of this, the tunnels in this area are bored one atop the other, a method of construction without any other examples in the Osaka subway system. Further south, there is an extremely tight curve between Shimizu and Shimmori-Furuichi (at

4536-439: The interconnections between different parts of the system; for example, they show the interchange stations where passengers can transfer between lines. Unlike conventional maps, transit maps are usually not geographically accurate, but emphasize the topological connections among the different stations. The graphic presentation may use straight lines and fixed angles, and often a fixed minimum distance between stations, to simplify

4620-425: The letter I . The line first opened, at its present length, on Christmas Eve (24 December) 2006. The line color on maps, station signs, and train livery is golden orange ( 柑子色 , kōji-iro , Munsell code 5YR6.5/14) . The line's symbol is a capital I on a solid golden-orange roundel ; while all other lines use Parisine for their mark, the "I" of the Imazatosuji Line has serifs, similar to Verdana . As with

4704-472: The line for ridership, due to their flat fare and greater number of stops. Despite the relatively short train length (only 4 cars), trains are rarely full. In 2015, ridership for the line would eventually reach nearly 65,000 passengers per day, which is still less than two-thirds of the projected ridership. All of these issues have resulted in the line operating in a deficit as of 2018. Since 1957, trolleybuses had run on Imazatosuji, providing connections with

4788-544: The line northward from Itakano towards Shōjaku on the Hankyu Kyoto Line and Kishibe or Senrioka on the Tōkaidō Main Line ( JR Kyoto Line ). (The start of the line at Itakano is listed as 3.3 km (2.1 mi) in the proposal, and 3.3 km (2.1 mi) from Itakano would be precisely at Senrioka.) There have also been calls to extend the line even further towards Esaka or Momoyamadai , to allow

4872-602: The lines of the Lyon Metro includes a section of rack (cog) railway , while the Carmelit , in Haifa, is an underground funicular . For elevated lines, another alternative is the monorail , which can be built either as straddle-beam monorails or as a suspended monorail . While monorails have never gained wide acceptance outside Japan, there are some such as Chongqing Rail Transit 's monorail lines which are widely used in

4956-557: The main rapid transit system. For instance, the Wenhu Line of the Taipei Metro serves many relatively sparse neighbourhoods and feeds into and complements the high capacity metro lines. Some systems have been built from scratch, others are reclaimed from former commuter rail or suburban tramway systems that have been upgraded, and often supplemented with an underground or elevated downtown section. Ground-level alignments with

5040-562: The morning and the evening, trains also operate between Itakano and Shimizu. In rush hour on weekdays, there are generally 11–15 trains per hour, with 7–8 trains per hour at off-peak times. Weekend timetables have 9–10 trains per hour in morning and evening, and 7–8 trains per hour (roughly one every eight minutes) off-peak. There are usually 12 Itakano – Shimizu trains on weekdays (7 morning, 5 evening), and 5 on weekends and holidays (3 morning, 2 evening). There are also two weekday morning trains that start at Shimizu and terminate at Imazato. There

5124-418: The network map "readable" by illiterate people, this system has since become an "icon" of the system. Compared to other modes of transport, rapid transit has a good safety record, with few accidents. Rail transport is subject to strict safety regulations , with requirements for procedure and maintenance to minimize risk. Head-on collisions are rare due to use of double track, and low operating speeds reduce

SECTION 60

#1732772367440

5208-402: The next vehicle will arrive, and expected travel times. The standardized GTFS data format for transit information allows many third-party software developers to produce web and smartphone app programs which give passengers customized updates regarding specific transit lines and stations of interest. Mexico City Metro uses a unique pictogram for each station. Originally intended to help make

5292-958: The occurrence and severity of rear-end collisions and derailments . Fire is more of a danger underground, such as the King's Cross fire in London in November 1987, which killed 31 people. Systems are generally built to allow evacuation of trains at many places throughout the system. High platforms , usually over 1 meter / 3 feet, are a safety risk, as people falling onto the tracks have trouble climbing back. Platform screen doors are used on some systems to eliminate this danger. Rapid transit facilities are public spaces and may suffer from security problems: petty crimes , such as pickpocketing and baggage theft, and more serious violent crimes , as well as sexual assaults on tightly packed trains and platforms. Security measures include video surveillance , security guards , and conductors . In some countries

5376-603: The only two North American systems that are primarily called "subways". In most of Southeast Asia and in Taiwan , rapid transit systems are primarily known by the acronym MRT . The meaning varies from one country to another. In Indonesia , the acronym stands for Moda Raya Terpadu or Integrated Mass [Transit] Mode in English. In the Philippines , it stands for Metro Rail Transit . Two underground lines use

5460-587: The outset. Budapest , Chicago , Glasgow , Boston and New York City all converted or purpose-designed and built electric rail services. Advancements in technology have allowed new automated services. Hybrid solutions have also evolved, such as tram-train and premetro , which incorporate some of the features of rapid transit systems. In response to cost, engineering considerations and topological challenges some cities have opted to construct tram systems, particularly those in Australia, where density in cities

5544-785: The plan was listed as a "line that should be considered for future construction" between Kami-Shinjō and Yuzato Rokuchōme. Later on, as underground obstructions were discovered along the planned route, the starting point was changed in 1996 from Kami-Shinjō to Itakano, where the population was increasing due to residential development. Permission to construct the line from Itakano to Imazato was granted in 1999, and construction began in March 2000. The line opened at noon on 24 December 2006. The remaining section, from Imazato to Yuzato Rokuchōme, remains on hold. Many areas of construction faced difficulties, which made for slow progress. In order to avoid existing subway lines and other underground structures, nearly

5628-460: The planned line extension up for review. On 28 November of that year, the newly re-elected mayor Seki announced that groundbreaking on the Imazato – Yuzato Rokuchōme extension, planned for 2006 with a 2016 opening, would be put on hold indefinitely due to the fiscal situation in Osaka. Because of this, the application for permission to start construction has been postponed. If the northern half opened in 2006 were to provide favorable ridership figures,

5712-434: The projected amount (120,000). On 15 June of the same year, a survey conducted at the end of April was released that showed passenger numbers at the seven stations not connecting to other subway lines to be approximately 45,000 per day. At the end of fiscal 2010, ridership for the line stood at roughly 56,800 passengers per day. When the Imazatosuji Line opened, the number of city buses running between Imazato and Sekime-Seiiku

5796-908: The rapid transit system varies greatly between cities, with several transport strategies. Some systems may extend only to the limits of the inner city, or to its inner ring of suburbs with trains making frequent station stops. The outer suburbs may then be reached by a separate commuter rail network where more widely spaced stations allow higher speeds. In some cases the differences between urban rapid transit and suburban systems are not clear. Rapid transit systems may be supplemented by other systems such as trolleybuses , regular buses , trams , or commuter rail. This combination of transit modes serves to offset certain limitations of rapid transit such as limited stops and long walking distances between outside access points. Bus or tram feeder systems transport people to rapid transit stops. Each rapid transit system consists of one or more lines , or circuits. Each line

5880-401: The rubber tires. However, they have higher maintenance costs and are less energy efficient. They also lose traction when weather conditions are wet or icy, preventing above-ground use of the Montréal Metro and limiting it on the Sapporo Municipal Subway, but not rubber-tired systems in other cities. Some cities with steep hills incorporate mountain railway technologies in their metros. One of

5964-417: The school was revived as Showa Higher Commercial School (昭和高等商業学校 ). During World War II , most of the students were enlisted. So in 1944 Osaka Women's College of Economics (大阪女子経済専門学校) was established instead. In 1946, after the war, the school was reorganized into Osaka College of Economics (大阪経済専門学校), a co-educational school. In 1949, under Japan's new educational systems, Osaka College of Economics

6048-498: The southern extension would have a chance of going on as planned. However, the other subway line inaugurated during the Heisei era (the Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line) had yet to meet expectations a decade after opening (FY 2005 ridership: roughly 88,000 per day), despite passing through the city center; as such, the chance of the Imazatosuji Line, which did not pass through the city center, of meeting its ridership estimates and providing

6132-663: The suburbs, allowing a higher service frequency in the center. This arrangement is used by many systems, such as the Copenhagen Metro , the Milan Metro , the Oslo Metro , the Istanbul Metro and the New York City Subway . Alternatively, there may be a single central terminal (often shared with the central railway station), or multiple interchange stations between lines in the city center, for instance in

6216-714: The term subway . In Thailand , it stands for Metropolitan Rapid Transit , previously using the Mass Rapid Transit name. Outside of Southeast Asia, Kaohsiung and Taoyuan, Taiwan , have their own MRT systems which stands for Mass Rapid Transit , as with Singapore and Malaysia . In general rapid transit is a synonym for "metro" type transit, though sometimes rapid transit is defined to include "metro", commuter trains and grade separated light rail . Also high-capacity bus-based transit systems can have features similar to "metro" systems. The opening of London's steam-hauled Metropolitan Railway in 1863 marked

6300-530: The term Subway into railway terminology. Both railways, alongside others, were eventually merged into London Underground . The 1893 Liverpool Overhead Railway was designed to use electric traction from the outset. The technology quickly spread to other cities in Europe , the United States, Argentina, and Canada, with some railways being converted from steam and others being designed to be electric from

6384-511: The trains, requiring custom-made trains in order to minimize gaps between train and platform. They are typically integrated with other public transport and often operated by the same public transport authorities . Some rapid transit systems have at-grade intersections between a rapid transit line and a road or between two rapid transit lines. The world's first rapid transit system was the partially underground Metropolitan Railway which opened in 1863 using steam locomotives , and now forms part of

6468-601: The use of communications-based train control : the minimum headway can reach 90 seconds, but many systems typically use 120 seconds to allow for recovery from delays. Typical capacity lines allow 1,200 people per train, giving 36,000 passengers per hour per direction . However, much higher capacities are attained in East Asia with ranges of 75,000 to 85,000 people per hour achieved by MTR Corporation 's urban lines in Hong Kong. Rapid transit topologies are determined by

6552-559: Was Singapore's Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system, which launched its first underground mobile phone network using AMPS in 1989. Many metro systems, such as the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway (MTR) and the Berlin U-Bahn, provide mobile data connections in their tunnels for various network operators. The technology used for public, mass rapid transit has undergone significant changes in the years since

6636-655: Was believed that there would be many passengers using the line to access the Osaka University of Economics (as the nearest station is Zuikō Yonchōme); however, because reaching Umeda would require a lengthy transfer to the Tanimachi Line at Taishibashi-Imaichi, many of those people continue to use the Kami-Shinjō station (which is more distant from the university) on the Hankyu Kyoto Line , and ridership has not increased substantially. Additionally, while there are fewer buses than before, they continue to compete with

6720-899: Was developed further. Other Central European countries also have metro lines, for example in the cities of Budapest (Hungary), Prague (Czech Republic) and Warsaw (Poland). In Eastern Europe , metro systems are in operation in Minsk (Belarus), Kyiv (Ukraine), Riga (Latvia), Vilnius (Lithuania) and Moscow (Russia). In Southeastern European countries, there are metro systems in Athens and Thessaloniki (Greece), Belgrade (Serbia), Sofia (Bulgaria) and Istanbul (Turkey). In Northern Europe , rapid transit systems exist in Copenhagen (Denmark), Oslo (Norway), Stockholm (Sweden) and Helsinki (Finland). Various terms are used for rapid transit systems around North America . The term metro

6804-592: Was elected mayor in 2007, promising to maintain the region's public entities as-is, and deciding whether to privatize the Transportation Bureau by public referendum while in office. The financial situation of the Osaka Municipal Subway network has also stabilized since fiscal 2005 with a steady cumulative profit (even though four of eight lines are still not profitable on their own), perhaps making an extension more likely at some point in

6888-501: Was intended for the BRT service to be a five-year long test to help determine the feasibility of building the extension of the Imazatosuji Line to Yuzato Rokuchōme. Rapid transit Modern services on rapid transit systems are provided on designated lines between stations typically using electric multiple units on railway tracks . Some systems use guided rubber tires , magnetic levitation ( maglev ), or monorail . The stations typically have high platforms, without steps inside

6972-702: Was low and suburbs tended to spread out . Since the 1970s, the viability of underground train systems in Australian cities, particularly Sydney and Melbourne , has been reconsidered and proposed as a solution to over-capacity. Melbourne had tunnels and stations developed in the 1970s and opened in 1980. The first line of the Sydney Metro was opened in 2019. Since the 1960s, many new systems have been introduced in Europe , Asia and Latin America . In

7056-418: Was reduced to 2–3 per hour. Nevertheless, many people still prefer to ride the buses, as they are more accessible than the subway stations, which are further apart and fairly deep underground, requiring them to walk a greater distance. Due to the presence of existing lines, stations on the Imazatosuji Line were built deeper underground, so transfers at connecting stations take longer than average. Originally, it

#439560