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19-417: Imperial Chancellor may refer to: Chancellor (China) Archchancellor (Holy Roman Empire) Imperial Chancellor (Germany) Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Imperial Chancellor . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to

38-654: The Eastern Han dynasty , the chancellor post was replaced by the Three Excellencies : Grand Commandant (太尉), Minister over the Masses (司徒) and Minister of Works (司空). In 190, Dong Zhuo claimed the title "Chancellor of State" (相國) under the powerless Emperor Xian of Han , placing himself above the Three Excellencies. After Dong Zhuo's death in 192, the post was vacant until Cao Cao restored

57-615: The Grand Secretariat assumed the de facto powers of the chancellery after the reign of the Hongwu Emperor . The Qing dynasty bureaucratic hierarchy did not contain a chancellor position. Instead, the duties normally assumed by a chancellor were entrusted to a series of formal and informal institutions, the most prominent of which was the Grand Council . Occasionally, one minister may held enough power in

76-685: The Tang dynasty , the government was divided into three departments : the Department of State Affairs (尚書省), the Secretariat (中書省), and the Chancellery (門下省). The head of each department was generally referred to as the chancellor . In the Song dynasty , the post of chancellor was also known as the "Tongpingzhangshi" (同平章事), in accordance with late-Tang terminology, while the vice-chancellor

95-590: The Three Dukes , Three Excellencies , or the Three Lords , was the collective name for the three highest officials in Ancient China and Imperial China . These posts were abolished by Cao Cao in 208 AD and replaced with the position of Grand Chancellor . When Cao Cao's son Cao Pi became King of Wei after his father's death, he reinstated the three positions. Hua Xin was made Chancellor, Jia Xu

114-631: The Confucian thought of governance and the relation of "lord and subject" (君臣). "Grand chancellor" can denote several positions. During the Six Dynasties period , the term denoted a number of power-holders serving as chief administrators, including zhongshun jian (Inspector General of the Secretariat), zhongshu ling (President of the Secretariat), shizhong ( Palace Attendant ), shangshu ling and puye (president and vice-president of

133-633: The Department of State Affairs). In the Spring and Autumn period , Guan Zhong was the first chancellor in China, who became chancellor under the state of Qi in 685 BCE. In Qin , during the Warring States period , the chancellor was officially established as "the head of all civil service officials." There were sometimes two chancellors, differentiated as being "of the left" (senior) and "of

152-570: The Han dynasty, civil service officials were classified according to twenty grades (reduced to sixteen after 32 BC), expressed by the official's annual salary in terms of number of dàn (石) or Chinese bushels of grain. This ranged from the ten-thousand-bushel rank at the top to the one-hundred-bushel at the bottom. Under this system, the Three Ducal Ministers all held the highest rank of ten-thousand-bushel. This article related to

171-754: The Mongol-led Yuan dynasty, the Mongols continued the use of a title Chingsang , from Chengxiang (丞相) for various high leaders, such as Pulad, the Yuan ambassador to the Ilkhan and for the deputy of the Western Mongol leader, the taishi . The title was also used in the Ilkhanate, for the vizier Buqa . Note: after the death of Hu Weiyong, the title of grand chancellor was abolished. The office of

190-585: The emperor's closest advisors. Starting in the late Shang dynasty and Zhou dynasty , the top three were: During the Western Han dynasty , the three positions were: In the Eastern Han dynasty, the names of the Three Ducal Ministers were changed to: Because all three titles contain the word "司" ( pinyin : sī ; lit. 'management') at the time of the Eastern Han, the Three Ducal Ministers were also called "Sansī" (三司). During

209-418: The emperor. In practice, the grand chancellor was often a trusted executive aide to the emperor, but during political turmoil or power struggles between the two roles the grand chancellor could also be the emperor's primary political competitor and opponent. This balance of power means that the relation between grand chancellor (and the scholar-officials they represent) and emperor holds great significance in

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228-572: The establishment of the Ming dynasty , the post became the head of the Zhongshu Sheng again. The post was abolished after the execution of Hu Weiyong , who was accused of treason (though his conviction is still strongly disputed in present times because of a lack of evidence to prove his guilt). Still, appointments of the people who held the highest post in the government were called "appointment of prime minister" (拜相) until 1644. During and after

247-471: The government that he comes to be identified, figuratively, as the "chancellor". In 1911, the Qing court adopted reforms which, amongst other changes, established the position of prime minister . This position existed for less than a year before the Qing government was overthrown. Three Ducal Ministers The Three Ducal Ministers ( Chinese : 三公 ; pinyin : Sāngōng ), also translated as

266-404: The intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imperial_Chancellor&oldid=932889013 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Chancellor (China) Professor Zhu Zongbin of Peking University outlined

285-481: The position as "imperial chancellor" (丞相) and abolished the Three Excellencies in 208. From then until March 15, 220, the power of chancellor was greater than that of the emperor. Later this often happened when a dynasty became weak, usually some decades before the fall of a dynasty. During the Sui dynasty , the executive officials of the three highest departments of the empire were called "chancellors" (真宰相) together. In

304-578: The right" (junior). After emperor Qin Shi Huang ended the Warring States period by establishing the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC), the chancellor, together with the imperial secretary, and the grand commandant, were the most important officials in the imperial government, generally referred as the Three Lords . In 1 BC, during the reign of Emperor Ai , the title was changed to da si tu (大司徒). In

323-428: The role of "grand chancellor" as one with the power to oversee all jurisdictional matters, the right to decide and to draft edicts with other ministers, and the position of chief advisor to the emperor . This extended even to the ability to criticize the emperor's edicts and decisions. Thus, the grand chancellor served as the emperor's chief of staff and main political advisor, often exercising power second only to

342-674: Was known as the jijunsi . Some years later, the post of chancellor was changed to "prime minister" (首相 shou xiang ) and the post of vice-chancellor was changed to "second minister" (次相 ci xiang ). In the late Southern Song dynasty , the system changed back to the Tang naming conventions. During the Mongol-founded Yuan dynasty , the chancellor was not the head of the Secretariat, but the Crown Prince (皇太子) was. After

361-410: Was made Grand Commandant and Wang Lang was made Grand Secretary. When Cao Pi declared himself emperor in late 220, Hua Xin was made Cao Wei's first Minister of the Masses, Jia Xu remained as Grand Commandant, and Wang Lang was made the first Minister of Works. Each minister was responsible for different areas of government, but the boundaries were often blurred. Together, the Three Ducal Ministers were

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