Misplaced Pages

#868131

27-542: (Redirected from Int ) [REDACTED] Look up int in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. INT may refer to: abbreviation for interjection Telecom & Management SudParis , formerly Institut National des Télécommunications (INT), a French higher education institute Telecom SudParis , formerly Telecom INT, a French grande ecole, graduate school for engineers Telecom Business School , formerly INT Management,

54-513: A French Grande Ecole, graduate business school Smith Reynolds Airport , Winston-Salem, North Carolina The Israel National Trail , a hiking trail that crosses Israel The Indian National Theatre , a theatre organisation and troupe based in Mumbai, India an interception in American football statistics The Interstate Railroad , A former US railroad. Int Base , the headquarters of

81-432: A different use of the term 'particle', particles and interjections can be distinctions in that particles cannot be independent utterances and are fully a part of the syntax of the utterance. Interjections, on the other hand, can stand alone and also are always preceded by a pause, separating them from the grammar and syntax of other surrounding utterances. Interjections are bound by context, meaning that their interpretation

108-1011: A feeling, cognitive interjections can be seen as more related to knowledge of something (i.e., information previously known to the speaker, or recently learned). Interjections may be subdivided and classified in several ways. A common distinction is based on relations to other word categories: primary interjections are interjections first and foremost (examples: Oops. , Ouch! , Huh? ), while secondary interjections are words from other categories that come to be used as interjections in virtue of their meaning (examples: Damn! , Hell! ) Primary interjections are generally considered to be single words ( Oh! , Wow !). Secondary interjections can consist of multi-word phrases, or interjectional phrases, (examples: sup! from What's up? , Excuse me! , Oh dear! , Thank God! ), but can also include single-word alarm words ( Help! ), swear and taboo words ( Heavens! ), and other words used to show emotion ( Drats! ). Although secondary interjections tend to interact more with

135-408: A form of the verb “go” (as in "he went 'ouch!'"), which may seem to describe a manner of going (compare: 'he went rapidly'). However, this is only a superficial similarity, as the verb go in the first example does not describe the action of going somewhere. One way to differentiate between an interjection and adverb in this position is to find the speaker of the item in question. If it is understood that

162-494: A segregated computer network used for testing current and future software releases. Popular culture [ edit ] The Intelligence statistic in Dungeons & Dragons and similar games The /int/ international board on 4chan . Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title INT . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change

189-562: A synthetic dye Isaac Newton Telescope , an optical telescope in the Canary Islands Computing [ edit ] int , short for integer in many programming languages shorthand for interrupt INT (x86 instruction) , an assembly language instruction for the x86 architecture for generating a software interrupt abbreviation for internationalization .int , a generic top-level domain (gTLD) INT - Interactive software development environment. Often

216-427: Is largely dependent on the time and place at which they are uttered. In linguistics, interjections can also be considered a form of deixis . Although their meaning is fixed (e.g., "Wow!" = surprised), there is also a referencing element which is tied to the situation. For example, the use of the interjection "Wow!" necessarily references some relation between the speaker and something that has just caused surprise to

243-400: Is remarkably similar in 31 spoken languages around the world, prompting claims that it may be a universal word. Similar observations have been made for the interjections ' Oh! ' (meaning, roughly, "now I see") and ' Mm/m-hm ' (with the meaning "keep talking, I'm with you"). Across languages, interjections often use special sounds and syllable types that are not commonly used in other parts of

270-501: The 13th and 14th centuries. Their influence was felt much less in the southern part of Europe, where the somewhat opposing tradition of the so-called "pedagogical grammar" never lost its preponderance. William of Conches , Peter Helias , and Ralph of Beauvais , also referred to as speculative grammarians predate the Modist movement proper. The Modist philosophy was first developed by Martin of Dacia (died 1304) and his colleagues in

297-583: The Church of Scientology Ingatestone railway station (National Rail station code: INT), a railway station in Brentwood, Essex, England Mathematics and science [ edit ] [REDACTED] Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: LaTeX/Mathematics#Sums and integrals int( S ) means the interior of set S \int , the LaTeX command that produces integral symbols INT (chemical) ,

SECTION 10

#1732771960869

324-549: The English interjections gee and wow have no direct equivalent in Polish, and the closest equivalent for Polish ' fu' (an interjection of disgust) is the different sounding ' Yuck! '. Curses likewise are famously language-specific and colourful. On the other hand, interjections that manage social interaction may be more similar across languages. For instance, the word ' Huh? ', used when one has not caught what someone just said,

351-479: The Latin grammarians classified any small non-word utterances as interjections. Several hundred years later, the 13th- and 14th-century Modistae took inconsistent approaches to interjections. Some, such as Thomas of Erfurt, agreed with the former Greeks that the interjection was closely tied to the verb while others like Siger of Courtrai held that the interjection was its own part of speech syntactically, much like

378-399: The Latin scholars. In contrast to typical words and sentences, the function of most interjections is related to an expression of feeling, rather than representing some idea or concept. Generally, interjections can be classified into three types of meaning: volitive, emotive, or cognitive. While there exists some apparent overlap between emotive and cognitive interjections, as both express

405-603: The Modistae, the various parts of speech were viewed as representing reality in terms of these modes. The modi essendi are objectively existent qualities in an object of understanding, the modi intelligendi the understanding's means of representing the modi essendi , and the modi significandi grammar's means of representing the modi intelligendi in language. This corresponds to Aristotle's tripartite semantic theory of words representing concepts which represent objects . Opposing nominalism , they assumed that

432-443: The analysis of the grammar of ordinary language was the key to metaphysics . For the Modistae, grammatical forms, the modi significandi of verbs, nouns, and adjectives, comprise the deep ontological structure of language, which objectively reflects reality. Their work predicted the concept of universal grammar , suggesting that universal grammatical rules may be extracted from all living languages. Roger Bacon may have given

459-552: The different perspectives of interjections in language throughout history. The Greeks held that interjections fell into the grammatical category of adverbs . They thought interjections modified the verb much in the same way as adverbs do, thus interjections were closely connected to verbs. Unlike their Greek counterparts, many Latin scholars took the position that interjections did not rely on verbs and were used to communicate emotions and abstract ideas. They considered interjections to be their own independent part of speech . Further,

486-567: The flow of social interaction. Interjections are sometimes classified as particles , a catch-all category that includes adverbs and onomatopoeia . The main thing these word types share is that they can occur on their own and do not easily undergo inflection , but they are otherwise divergent in several ways. A key difference between interjections and onomatopoeia is that interjections are typically responses to events, while onomatopoeia can be seen as imitations of events. Interjections can also be confused with adverbs when they appear following

513-488: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=INT&oldid=1173540945 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Interjection Greek and Latin intellectuals as well as the Modistae have contributed to

540-483: The mid-13th century, though it would rise to prominence only after its systematization by Thomas of Erfurt decades later, in his treatise De modis significandi seu grammatica speculativa , probably written in the first decade of the 14th century. Until the early twentieth-century this work was assumed to have been authored by John Duns Scotus . Widely reproduced and commented upon in the Middle Ages , it remains

567-452: The most complete textbook of Modist speculative grammar. The mistaken authorship arose out of the natural affinity of Erfurt's speculative grammar with Scotus's metaphysics. The philosophy of the Modistae, as indicated by their name, was based on a theory of 'modes' of meaning in language which was tripartite: modes of being ( modi essendi ), modes of understanding ( modi intelligendi ), and modes of signifying ( modi significandi ). To

SECTION 20

#1732771960869

594-471: The realm of language. Several English interjections contain sounds, or are sounds as opposed to words, that do not (or very rarely) exist in regular English phonological inventory. For example: Modistae The Modistae ( Latin for Modists ), also known as the speculative grammarians , were the members of a school of grammarian philosophy known as Modism or speculative grammar , active in northern France , Germany , England , and Denmark in

621-499: The speaker at the moment of the utterance. Without context, the listener would not know the referent of the expression (viz., the source of the surprise). Similarly, the interjection "Ouch!" generally expresses pain, but also requires contextual information for the listener to determine the referent of the expression (viz., the cause of the pain). While we can often see deictic or indexical elements in expressive interjections, examples of reference are perhaps more clearly illustrated in

648-604: The subject of the utterance also utters the item (as in "ouch!" in the first example), then it cannot be an adverb. Routines are considered as a form of speech acts that rely on an understood social communicative pattern between the addressee and addressed. This differs from an interjection that is more of a strategic utterance within a speech act that brings attention to the utterance but may or may not also have an intended addressed (directed at an individual or group). In addition, routines generally are multi-word expressions whereas interjections tend to be single utterances. Under

675-414: The use of imperative examples. Volitive interjections such as "Ahem" , "Psst!" , and "Shh!" could be considered imperative, as the speaker is requesting or demanding something from the listener. Similar to the deictic pronoun "you", the referent of these expressions changes, dependent on the context of the utterance. Interjections can take very different forms and meanings across cultures. For instance,

702-444: The vocabulary. For instance, interjections like ' brr' and ' shh! ' are made entirely of consonants, where in virtually all languages, words have to feature at least one vowel-like element. Some, like ' tut-tut ' and ' ahem ', are written like normal words, but their actual production involves clicks or throat-clearing. The phonetic atypicality of some interjections is one reason they have traditionally been considered as lying outside

729-697: The words around them, a characteristic of all interjections—whether primary or secondary—is that they can stand alone. For example, it is possible to utter an interjection like ouch! or bloody hell! on its own, whereas a different part of speech that may seem similar in function and length, such as the conjunction the , cannot be uttered alone (you can not just say the! independently in English). Further distinctions can be made based on function. Exclamations and curses are primarily about giving expression to private feelings or emotions, while response particles and hesitation markers are primarily directed at managing

#868131