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108-639: Intellipedia is a project of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) Intelligence Community Enterprise Services (ICES) office headquartered in Fort Meade , Maryland . It includes information on the regions, people, and issues of interest to the communities using its host networks. Intellipedia uses MediaWiki , the same software used by the Misplaced Pages free-content encyclopedia project. To

216-720: A CIA official involved in integrating the system into the intelligence fabric, said disseminating material to the widest possible audience of analysts was key to avoiding mistakes. He said analysts from multiple agencies had used the network to post frequent updates on recent events, including the July 2006 North Korean missile test and the October 2006 crash of a small plane into a New York City apartment building. Some view Intellipedia as risky because it allows more information to be viewed and shared, but according to Michael Wertheimer , McConnell's assistant deputy director for analysis, it

324-770: A joint statement that the intelligence community is confident the Russian Government directed the recent compromises of e-mails from U.S. persons and institutions, including from U.S. political organizations, and that the disclosures of hacked e-mails on sites like DCLeaks.com and WikiLeaks are consistent with the Russian-directed efforts. In the July 2018 indictment by the Justice Department of twelve Russian GRU intelligence officials posing as "a Guccifer 2.0 persona" for conspiring to interfere in

432-459: A neutral point of view policy. Instead, viewpoints are attributed to the agencies, offices, and individuals participating, with the hope that a consensus view will emerge. Intellipedia also contains non-encyclopedic content including meeting notes and items of internal, administrative interest. Deputy DNI Thomas Fingar made a comparison to eBay , where the reliability of sellers is rated by buyers. He said: Intellipedia. It's been written up. It's

540-650: A "compromise in the system", and urging him to change his password "immediately" by clicking on a link. This allowed Russian hackers to access around 60,000 emails from Podesta's private account. John Podesta, later told Meet the Press that the FBI spoke to him only once regarding his hacked emails and that he had not been sure what had been taken until a month before the election on October   7 "when [WikiLeaks' Julian] Assange   ... started dumping them out and said they would all dump out, that's when I knew that they had

648-543: A Russian troll farm had bought $ 100,000 in advertisements targeting the 2016 U.S. election audience. The ads, which ran between June 2015 and May 2017, primarily focused on divisive social issues; roughly 25% were geographically targeted. Facebook has also turned over information about the Russian-related ad buys to Special Counsel Robert Mueller. Approximately 3,000 adverts were involved, and these were viewed by between four and five million Facebook users prior to

756-460: A Sanders campaign official a "damn liar". Following the July 22 publication of a large number of hacked emails by WikiLeaks , the FBI announced that it would investigate the theft of DNC emails . In June and July 2016, cybersecurity experts and firms, including CrowdStrike , Fidelis, FireEye , Mandiant , SecureWorks , Symantec and ThreatConnect , stated the DNC email leaks were part of

864-523: A September 10, 2007, testimony before the United States Congress , Michael McConnell , Director of National Intelligence , cited the increasing use of Intellipedia among analysts and its ability to help experts pool their knowledge, form virtual teams, and make assessments. Analyzing Intelligence: Origins, Obstacles, and Innovations , a 2008 book by several experts in the field of intelligence analysis, cited Intellipedia as evidence of

972-512: A grudge against her. Michael McFaul , who was U.S. ambassador to Russia, said the operation could be a retaliation by Putin against Clinton. Russian security expert Andrei Soldatov has said, "[The Kremlin] believes that with Clinton in the White House it will be almost impossible to lift sanctions against Russia. So it is a very important question for Putin personally. This is a question of national security." Russian officials have denied

1080-520: A mug bearing the tag line, "Intellipedia: it's what we know". Different agencies have experimented with other ways of encouraging participation. For example, at the CIA, managers have held contests for best pages with prizes such as free dinners. Chris Rasmussen, knowledge management officer at the Defense Department's National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), argues that "gimmicks" like

1188-694: A part of the SVR until 2009, whereafter it has worked for the Russian Presidential Administration . The U.S. officials said the propaganda efforts began in March 2016. The first set of recommendations, issued in June 2016, proposed that Russia support a candidate for U.S. president more favorable to Russia than Obama had been, via Russia-backed news outlets and a social media campaign. It supported Trump until October, when another conclusion

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1296-412: A persona called Guccifer 2.0 claiming to be a lone hacker—and to an unidentified organization believed to be WikiLeaks. (The Russians registered the domain dcleaks.com, using principally Bitcoin to pay for the domain and the hosting.) John Podesta , Chairman of Hillary Clinton's presidential campaign, received a phishing email on March 19, 2016, sent by Russian operatives purporting to alert him of

1404-483: A series of cyberattacks on the DNC committed by two Russian intelligence groups, called Fancy Bear and Cozy Bear , also known respectively as APT 28 and APT29 / The Dukes. ThreatConnect also noted possible links between the DC Leaks project and Russian intelligence operations because of a similarity with Fancy Bear attack patterns. SecureWorks added that the actor group was operating from Russia on behalf of

1512-806: Is a senior cabinet-level United States government official, required by the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 to serve as executive head of the United States Intelligence Community (IC) and to direct and oversee the National Intelligence Program (NIP). All 18 IC agencies, including the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) and

1620-413: Is worth the risk. The project was greeted initially with "a lot of resistance," said Wertheimer, because it runs counter to past practice which sought to limit the pooling of information. He said there are risks in everything everyone does: "the key is risk management, not risk avoidance." Some encouragement has been necessary to spur contributions from the traditional intelligence community. However, he said

1728-689: The Department of Homeland Security and the director of National Intelligence accusing the Russian government of interfering in the election through hacking, and just 29 minutes after The Washington Post reported on the Access Hollywood videotape where Trump boasted about grabbing women "by the pussy". The stolen documents effectively distracted media and voter attention from both stories. Stolen emails and documents were given both to platforms created by hackers—a website called DCLeaks and

1836-495: The Department of State personnel, many of whom do not use the Top Secret JWICS network on a day-to-day basis. Users on unclassified networks can access Intellipedia from remote terminals outside their workspaces via a VPN , in addition to their normal workstations. Open Source Intelligence (OSINT) users share information on the unclassified Intelink-U wiki . Intellipedia was created to share information on some of

1944-464: The Director of Central Intelligence . The line of succession for the director of national intelligence is as follows: Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections [REDACTED] The Russian government conducted foreign electoral interference in the 2016 United States elections with the goals of sabotaging the presidential campaign of Hillary Clinton , boosting

2052-553: The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 by votes of 336–75 in the House of Representatives , and 89–2 in the Senate . President George W. Bush signed the bill into law on December 17, 2004. Among other things, the law established the DNI position as the designated leader of the United States Intelligence Community and prohibited the DNI from serving as the CIA director or

2160-590: The International Business Times after being contacted regarding the closure of the unit, that the U.S. was disturbed by propaganda from Russia, and the strongest defense was sincere communication. U.S. Undersecretary of State for Public Diplomacy Richard Stengel was the point person for the unit before it was canceled. Stengel had written in 2014 that RT was engaged in a disinformation campaign about Ukraine. In April 2017, Reuters cited several unnamed U.S. officials as having stated that

2268-841: The National Security Agency (NSA), report directly to the DNI. The DNI also serves, upon invitation, as the principal advisor to the president of the United States, the National Security Council , and the Homeland Security Council on all intelligence matters. The DNI, supported by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), produces the President's Daily Brief (PDB), a classified document including intelligence from all IC agencies, handed each morning to

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2376-591: The National Security Agency (NSA), the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA). The first director of national intelligence was former U.S. ambassador to Iraq John Negroponte who was appointed on February 17, 2005, by President George W. Bush, subject to confirmation by the U.S. Senate. It was reported that President Bush's first choice for DNI

2484-530: The Russian Institute for Strategic Studies (RISS) had developed a strategy to sway the U.S. election to Donald Trump and, failing that, to disillusion voters. The development of strategy was allegedly ordered by Putin and directed by former officers of Russian Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR), retired SVR general Leonid Petrovich Reshetnikov being head of the RISS at the time. The Institute had been

2592-736: The Russian military intelligence service (GRU) infiltrated information systems of the Democratic National Committee (DNC), the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC), and Clinton campaign officials, notably chairman John Podesta , and publicly released stolen files and emails through DCLeaks , Guccifer 2.0 , and WikiLeaks during the election campaign. Several individuals connected to Russia contacted various Trump campaign associates, offering business opportunities to

2700-541: The presidential campaign of Donald Trump , and increasing political and social discord in the United States. According to the U.S. intelligence community , the operation—code named Project Lakhta —was ordered directly by Russian president Vladimir Putin . The "hacking and disinformation campaign" to damage Clinton and help Trump became the "core of the scandal known as Russiagate ". The 448-page Mueller Report , made public in April 2019, examined over 200 contacts between

2808-540: The "Homeland Security Service to America Medal" by the Partnership for Public Service . The award noted that they "Promoted information sharing across the intelligence community through the development and implementation of Intellipedia, a Misplaced Pages-like clearinghouse of intelligence expertise." [REDACTED] Media related to Intellipedia at Wikimedia Commons Office of the Director of National Intelligence The director of national intelligence ( DNI )

2916-666: The 2016 U.S. election to the "active measures" of the Soviet Union during the Cold War , but made easier by the use of social media. Monitoring 7,000 pro-Trump social media accounts over a 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 -year period, researchers J. M. Berger, Andrew Weisburd and Clint Watts found the accounts denigrated critics of Russian activities in Syria and propagated falsehoods about Clinton's health. Watts found Russian propaganda to be aimed at fomenting "dissent or conspiracies against

3024-551: The 2016 election, Facebook originally thought that the fake-news problem could be solved by engineering, but in May 2017 it announced plans to hire 3,000 content reviewers. According to an analysis by BuzzFeed News , the "20 top-performing false election stories from hoax sites and hyperpartisan blogs generated 8,711,000 shares, reactions, and comments on Facebook." In September 2017, Facebook told congressional investigators it had discovered that hundreds of fake accounts linked to

3132-612: The 2016 elections was for hacking into computers of the Clinton campaign, the Democratic National Committee, state election boards, and secretaries of several states. The indictment describes "a sprawling and sustained cyberattack on at least three hundred people connected to the Democratic Party and the Clinton campaign". The leaked stolen files were released "in stages", a tactic wreaking "havoc on

3240-438: The 2016 presidential election was personally directed by Vladimir Putin . Under Putin's direction, the goals of the operation are reported to have evolved from first undermining American trust in their own democracy to undermining Clinton's campaign, and by the fall of 2016 to directly helping Trump's campaign, possibly because Putin believed Trump would ease economic sanctions . Her presidential campaign's Russia policy advisor

3348-436: The Clinton campaign, as well as potential vice-presidential picks for Clinton. The Clinton campaign did not confirm or deny the authenticity of the emails but emphasized they were stolen and distributed by parties hostile to Clinton and that "top national security officials" had stated "that documents can be faked as part of a sophisticated Russian misinformation campaign." Podesta's e-mails, once released by WikiLeaks, formed

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3456-608: The Clinton presidential campaign, including that of campaign chairman John Podesta , and also hacking into "the computer networks of the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee (DCCC) and the Democratic National Committee (DNC)". As a result, the GRU obtained hundreds of thousands of hacked documents, and the GRU proceeded by arranging releases of damaging hacked material via the WikiLeaks organization and also GRU's personas " DCLeaks " and " Guccifer 2.0 ". Starting in March 2016,

3564-406: The DNC in July and October 2016 and Stone —a close associate to Donald Trump—appeared to know in advance the materials were coming, investigators 'did not have sufficient evidence' to prove active participation in the hacks or knowledge that the electronic thefts were continuing." Prior to its demise in 1991, the government of the Soviet Union had interfered in United States elections, including

3672-585: The Defense Intelligence Agency, adapting MediaWiki open-source software for deployment on the DIA-managed JWICS SCI network. In 2005 DIA officials arranged to transfer the software and content to community-wide management under ODNI auspices, to increase the system's utility and comprehensiveness. Richard A. Russell, Deputy Assistant Director of National Intelligence for Information Sharing Customer Outreach (ISCO) said it

3780-537: The Democratic National Committee was biased against Clinton's Democratic primary challenger Bernie Sanders (who received 43% of votes cast in the Democratic presidential primaries) and forced DNC Chairwoman Debbie Wasserman Schultz to resign, disrupting the plans of the Clinton campaign. A second tranche was released on October 7, a few hours after the Obama Administration released a statement by

3888-519: The Democratic Party throughout much of the election season." One collection of data that hackers obtained and that may have become a "devastating weapon" against the Clinton campaign was the campaign's data analytics and voter-turnout models, extremely useful in targeting messages to "key constituencies" that Clinton needed to mobilize. These voters were later bombarded by Russian operatives with negative information about Clinton on social media. In April 2017, CIA Director Mike Pompeo said WikiLeaks

3996-698: The Democratic Party—in July 2015 and maintained it until at least June 2016, when they began leaking the stolen information via the Guccifer 2.0 online persona, DCLeaks.com and Wikileaks. Debbie Wasserman Schultz resigned as DNC chairwoman following the release of e-mails by WikiLeaks that showed DNC officials discussing Bernie Sanders and his presidential campaign in a derisive and derogatory manner. Emails leaked included personal information about Democratic Party donors, with credit card and Social Security numbers , emails by Wasserman Schultz calling

4104-688: The Facebook social media site are estimated to have reached 10 million users. But many more Facebook users were contacted by accounts created by Russian actors. 470 Facebook accounts are known to have been created by Russians during the 2016 campaign. Of those accounts six generated content that was shared at least 340 million times, according to research done by Jonathan Albright, research director for Columbia University 's Tow Center for Digital Journalism . The most strident Internet promoters of Trump were paid Russian propagandists/trolls, who were estimated by The Guardian to number several thousand. (By 2017

4212-530: The IC get caught up to Web 2.0 but never reformed how official reports were created like National Intelligence Estimates . An official version of Intellipedia, called the Living Intelligence System, was created after the fact and focused on collaboratively writing official reports. It failed to catch on because each agency has a different process for writing official classified reports. Based on

4320-629: The Intellipedia shovel, posters, and handbills, encourage people to use Web 2.0 tools like Intellipedia and are effective low-tech solutions to promote their use. Also, Rasmussen argues that " social software –based contributions should be written in an employee's performance plan". Several agencies in the Intelligence community, particularly the CIA and NGA, have developed training programs to provide time to integrate social software tools into analysts' daily work habits. These classes focus on

4428-529: The January 2017 intelligence community assessment (ICA) alleging Russian interference was "coherent and well-constructed". The first volume also concluded that the assessment was "proper", learning from analysts that there was "no politically motivated pressure to reach specific conclusions". The final and fifth volume, which was the result of three years of investigations, was released in August 2020, ending one of

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4536-667: The Office of the Director of National Intelligence , delivered a declassified report, (representing the work of the FBI , the CIA and the NSA ) with a similar conclusion: President Vladimir Putin ordered an influence campaign in 2016 aimed at the U.S. presidential election. Russia's goals were to undermine public faith in the U.S. democratic process, denigrate Secretary Clinton, and harm her electability and potential presidency. We further assess Putin and

4644-615: The Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) as an independent agency to assist the DNI. The ODNI's goal is to effectively integrate foreign, military and domestic intelligence in defense of the homeland and of United States interests abroad. The ODNI has about 1,750 employees. Its headquarters are in McLean, Virginia . On March 23, 2007, DNI Mike McConnell announced organizational changes, which included: The ODNI continued to evolve under succeeding directors, culminating in an organization focused on intelligence integration across

4752-527: The Presidency in January 2025. Declan McCullagh at News.com wrote on August 24, 2007, that the DNI site was configured to repel all search engines to index any page at DNI.gov. This effectively made the DNI website invisible to all search engines and in turn, any search queries. Ross Feinstein, Spokesman for the DNI, said that the cloaking was removed as of September 3, 2007. "We're not even sure how (the robots.txt file) got there" – but it

4860-491: The Russian Government developed a clear preference for president-elect Trump. We have high confidence in these judgments. Putin blamed Clinton for the 2011–2012 mass protests in Russia against his rule , according to the report (Clinton was U.S. Secretary of State at the time). FBI Director James Comey also has testified that Putin disliked Clinton and preferred her opponent, and Clinton herself has accused Putin of having

4968-574: The Russian government. de Volkskrant later reported that Dutch intelligence agency AIVD had penetrated the Russian hacking group Cozy Bear in 2014, and observed them in 2015 hack the State Department in real time, while capturing pictures of the hackers via a security camera in their workspace. American, British, and Dutch intelligence services had also observed stolen DNC emails on Russian military intelligence networks. On October 7, 2016, Secretary Johnson and Director Clapper issued

5076-546: The Russian military intelligence agency GRU sent " spearphishing " emails targeted more than 300 individuals affiliated with the Democratic Party or the Clinton campaign, according to the Special Counsel's July 13, 2018 Indictment. Using malware to explore the computer networks of the DNC and DCCC, they harvested tens of thousands of emails and attachments and deleted computer logs and files to obscure evidence of their activities. These were saved and released in stages to

5184-661: The Tennessee Republican Party), @jenn_abrams and @Pamela_Moore13; both claimed to be Trump supporters and both had 70,000 followers. Several Trump campaign members ( Donald J. Trump Jr. , Eric Trump , Kellyanne Conway , Brad Parscale and Michael T. Flynn ) linked or reposted material from the IRA's @TEN_GOP Twitter account listed above. Other people who responded to IRA social media accounts include Michael McFaul , Sean Hannity , Roger Stone and Michael Flynn Jr. Advertisements bought by Russian operatives for

5292-689: The Top Secret Intellipedia counting 113,000 content pages with 255,000 users. During the last weeks of the Obama administration, a large amount of information about the investigation into Russian election interference was dumped on the site. It was hoped that the site would prevent information on the topic to be "swept under a rug" by the incoming Trump administration and serve as "breadcrumbs" for congressional investigators. A 2017 two-part Wired series on Intellipedia and next steps reported that, after 10 years of usage, Intellipedia helped

5400-624: The Trump Organization and proffering damaging information on Clinton. Russian government officials have denied involvement in any of the hacks or leaks. Russian interference activities triggered strong statements from U.S. intelligence agencies , a direct warning by then-U.S. president Barack Obama to Russian president Vladimir Putin , renewed economic sanctions against Russia, and closures of Russian diplomatic facilities and expulsion of their staff. The Senate and House Intelligence Committees conducted their own investigations into

5508-825: The Trump campaign and Russian officials but concluded that there was insufficient evidence to bring any conspiracy or coordination charges against Trump or his associates. The Internet Research Agency (IRA), based in Saint Petersburg , Russia, and described as a troll farm , created thousands of social media accounts that purported to be Americans supporting radical political groups and planned or promoted events in support of Trump and against Clinton. They reached millions of social media users between 2013 and 2017. Fabricated articles and disinformation were spread from Russian government-controlled media, and promoted on social media. Additionally, computer hackers affiliated with

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5616-435: The Trump campaign and Russian officials but concluded that, though the Trump campaign welcomed the Russian activities and expected to benefit from them, there was insufficient evidence to bring any conspiracy or coordination charges against Trump or his associates. The Republican-led Senate Intelligence Committee investigation submitted the first in their five-volume 1,313-page report in July 2019. The committee concluded that

5724-403: The U.S. government and its institutions", and by autumn of 2016 amplifying attacks on Clinton and support for Trump, via social media, Internet trolls , botnets , and websites. Monitoring news on Twitter directed at one state (Michigan) prior to the election, Philip N. Howard found about half of it fabricated or untrue; the other half came from real news sources. In continued analysis after

5832-636: The U.S. news media was focusing on the Russian operations on Facebook and Twitter and Russian operatives moved on to Instagram.) The Mueller Report found the IRA spent $ 100,000 for more than 3,500 Facebook advertisements from June 2015 to May 2017, which included anti-Clinton and pro-Trump advertisements. In comparison, Clinton and Trump campaigns spent $ 81 million on Facebook ads. Fabricated articles and disinformation were spread from Russian government-controlled outlets, RT and Sputnik to be popularized on pro-Russian accounts on Twitter and other social media. Researchers have compared Russian tactics during

5940-478: The United States "highest-profile congressional inquiries". The Committee report found that the Russian government had engaged in an "extensive campaign" to sabotage the election in favor of Trump, which included assistance from some of Trump's own advisers. In November 2020, newly released passages from the Mueller special counsel investigation 's report indicated: "Although WikiLeaks published emails stolen from

6048-531: The United States". By February 2016, internal IRA documents showed an order to support the candidacies of Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders, while IRA members were to "use any opportunity to criticize" Hillary Clinton and the rest of the candidates. From June 2016, the IRA organized election rallies in the U.S. "often promoting" Trump's campaign while "opposing" Clinton's campaign. The IRA posed as Americans, hiding their Russian background, while asking Trump campaign members for campaign buttons, flyers, and posters for

6156-483: The Misplaced Pages on a classified network, with one very important difference: it's not anonymous. We want people to establish a reputation. If you're really good, we want people to know you're good. If you're making contributions, we want that known. If you're an idiot, we want that known too. During 2006–2007, Intellipedia editors awarded symbolic shovels to users to distinguish Wiki gardening and to encourage others in

6264-582: The allegations multiple times. In June 2016, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov denied any connection of Russia to the DNC hacks . In December 2016, when U.S. intelligence officials publicly accused Putin of being directly involved in the covert operation, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov said he was "astonished" by this "nonsense". Putin also has denied any Kremlin involvement in the election campaign, though in June 2017 he told journalists that "patriotically minded" Russian hackers may have been responsible for

6372-524: The basis for Pizzagate , a debunked conspiracy theory that falsely posited that Podesta and other Democratic Party officials were involved in a child trafficking ring based out of pizzerias in Washington, D.C. The United States Intelligence Community concluded by January 2017 that the GRU (using the names Cozy Bear and Fancy Bear ) had gained access to the computer network of the Democratic National Committee (DNC)—the formal governing body of

6480-469: The campaign cyberattacks against the U.S., and in 2018 he stated that he had wanted Trump to win the election "because he talked about bringing the U.S.-Russia relationship back to normal." The United States Department of State planned to use a unit formed with the intention of combating disinformation from the Russian government , but it was disbanded in September 2015 after department heads missed

6588-555: The changing nature of analysis. Eric Haseltine , former ODNI Associate Director for Science and Technology said that "It's hard to overstate what [Burke and Dennehy] did. They made a major transformation overnight with no money after other programs failed to achieve these results with millions of dollars in funding." Haseltine said intelligence analysts had "reacted 'more quickly and more intelligently' to potential terrorist threats than they would have without Intellipedia". The wiki provides so much flexibility that several offices throughout

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6696-482: The community are using it to maintain and transfer knowledge on daily operations and events. Anyone with access to read it has permission to create and edit articles after registering and acquiring an account with Intelink . Since Intellipedia is intended to be a platform for harmonizing the various points of view of the agencies and analysts of the Intelligence Community, Intellipedia does not enforce

6804-425: The community to contribute. A template with a picture of the limited-edition shovel (actually a trowel), was created to place on user pages for Intellipedians to show their gardening status. The handle bears the imprint: "I dig Intellipedia! It's wiki wiki, Baby." The idea was inspired by the barnstar , which is used on both Misplaced Pages and MeatballWiki for similar purposes. The shovels have since been replaced with

6912-478: The community. The ODNI leadership includes the director, principal deputy director and chief operating officer. In addition, the Director of Defense Intelligence reports to the DNI. There are two directorates, each led by a Deputy Director of National Intelligence: There are five mission centers, each led by a director of that center: There are also four oversight offices: The USIC comprises 17 intelligence agencies and organizations: Position succeeded

7020-461: The contents of my email account." The WikiLeaks October 7 dump started less than an hour after The Washington Post released the Donald Trump and Billy Bush recording Access Hollywood tape, WikiLeaks announced on Twitter that it was in possession of 50,000 of Podesta's emails, and a few hours after the Obama Administration released a statement by the Department of Homeland Security and

7128-402: The contrary of mainstream Misplaced Pages, its intelligence analogue encourages editing that incorporates personal points of view regardless of rank as it was decided that, "much of the self-corrective knowledge in the Intelligence Community resides in personal points of view," and that "not all good ideas originate at the top." The Secret version connected to SIPRNet serves Department of Defense and

7236-602: The creation of traditional Intelligence Community products. In the summer of 2006, Intellipedia was the main collaboration tool in constructing a National Intelligence Estimate on Nigeria . Intellipedia was at least partially inspired by a paper written for the Galileo Award (an essay competition set up by the CIA and later taken over by the DNI), which encouraged any employee at any intelligence agency to submit new ideas to improve information sharing. The first essay selected

7344-410: The difficult subjects facing U.S. intelligence and to bring cutting-edge technology into its youthful workforce. It also allows information to be assembled and reviewed by a variety of sources and agencies, to address concerns that pre-war intelligence did not include robust dissenting opinions on Iraq's alleged weapons programs. A number of projects are under way to explore the use of the Intellipedia for

7452-481: The director of National Intelligence stating "The U.S. Intelligence Community (USIC) is confident that the Russian Government directed the recent compromises of e-mails from U.S. persons and institutions, including from U.S. political organizations." It initially released 2,050 of these. The cache included emails containing transcripts of Clinton's paid speeches to Wall Street banks, controversial comments from staffers about Catholic voters, infighting among employees of

7560-585: The election commission's website. Political scientist Peter Ordeshook said in 2017, "These faked results were geared for a specific audience in order to feed the Russian narrative that has claimed from the start that ultra-nationalists and Nazis were behind the revolution in Ukraine ." The same Sofacy malware used in the Central Election Commission hack was later found on the servers of the Democratic National Committee (DNC). Around

7668-421: The election were first disclosed publicly by members of the United States Congress in September 2016, confirmed by U.S. intelligence agencies in October 2016, and further detailed by the Director of National Intelligence office in January 2017. The dismissal of James Comey , the FBI director, by President Trump in May 2017, was partly because of Comey's investigation of the Russian interference. The FBI's work

7776-597: The election, Howard and other researchers found the most prominent methods of misinformation were ostensibly "organic posting, not advertisements", and influence operation activity increased after the 2016 and was not limited to the election. Facebook originally denied that fake news on their platform had influenced the election and had insisted it was unaware of any Russian-financed advertisements but later admitted that about 126 million Americans may have seen posts published by Russia-based operatives. Criticized for failing to stop fake news from spreading on its platform during

7884-677: The election. On November 1, 2017, the House Intelligence Committee released a sample of Facebook ads and pages that had been financially linked to the Internet Research Agency. A 2019 analysis by The Washington Post 's "Outlook" reviewed a number of troll accounts active in 2016 and 2018, and found that many resembled organic users. Rather than wholly negative and obvious, many confirmed troll accounts deployed humor and were "astute in exploiting questions of culture and identity and are frequently among

7992-467: The elections of 1960 and 1984 . Conversely, there was American influence in the Russian election of 1996 . Thus, the Russian influence operation in 2016 was not entirely without precedent, though its techniques and scope were different. The May 2014 Ukrainian presidential election was disrupted by cyberattacks over several days, including the release of hacked emails, attempted alteration of vote tallies, and distributed denial-of-service attacks to delay

8100-467: The entire IC's whistleblowing and source protection by President Obama via Presidential Policy Directive 19 on October 10, 2012. Under 50 U.S.C.   § 3026 , "under ordinary circumstances, it is desirable" that either the director or the principal deputy director of national intelligence be an active-duty commissioned officer in the armed forces or have training or experience in military intelligence activities and requirements. Only one of

8208-434: The entire community, it was noted by officials that the top-secret version of Intellipedia alone (hosted on JWICS ) has 29,255 articles, with an average of 114 new articles and more than 6,000 edits to articles added each workday. As of April 2009, the overall Intellipedia project hosted 900,000 pages edited by 100,000 users, with 5,000 page edits per day. As of January 2014, Intellipedia contained around 269,000 articles with

8316-421: The final result. They were found to have been launched by pro-Russian hackers. Malware that would have displayed a graphic declaring far-right candidate Dmytro Yarosh the electoral winner was removed from Ukraine's Central Election Commission less than an hour before polls closed. Despite this, Channel One Russia falsely reported that Yarosh had won, broadcasting the same fake graphic that had been planted on

8424-512: The first administration of President Donald Trump . The seventh and current DNI is Avril Haines , who took office on January 21, 2021. The first woman to hold the office, she was nominated by President-elect Joe Biden on November 23, 2020 and confirmed by the Senate on January 20, 2021. On November 13, 2024, President-elect Donald Trump announced his intention to nominate Tulsi Gabbard for Director of National Intelligence upon returning to

8532-532: The first presidency of Donald Trump , a status it has retained under President Joe Biden . Currently, the DNI attends all Cabinet meetings and liaises with the Executive Office of the President of the United States and other Cabinet secretaries in the execution of their duties. President-elect Donald Trump has nominated former Congresswoman and U.S. Army reserve lieutenant-colonel Tulsi Gabbard to

8640-418: The first to push new divisive conversations", some of which moved quickly to mainstream print media. In January 2023, a study from New York University 's Center for Social Media and Politics about the influence of Russian trolls on Twitter found they had little influence on 2016 voters' attitudes, polarization, or voting behavior. The study was limited to Twitter and did not examine other social media, such as

8748-457: The fourth DNI. Clapper was confirmed by the U.S. Senate on August 5, and replaced acting director David C. Gompert . This followed Obama's dismissal of the third DNI, retired Navy admiral Dennis C. Blair , whose resignation became effective May 28, 2010. The fifth DNI, Dan Coats , the sixth DNI, John Ratcliffe , and acting DNIs Joseph Maguire , Richard Grenell and Lora Shiao , all served between March 16, 2017, and January 21, 2021, during

8856-585: The head of any other intelligence community element at the same time. In addition, the law required the CIA Director to report their agency's activities to the DNI. Critics say compromises during the bill's crafting led to the establishment of a DNI whose powers are too weak to adequately lead, manage and improve the performance of the intelligence community. In particular, the law left the United States Department of Defense in charge of

8964-697: The indictment alleged was a three-week reconnaissance tour of the United States, including battleground states such as Colorado, Michigan, Nevada and New Mexico, to gather intelligence on American politics. The 2018 indictment alleged that another Russian operative visited Atlanta in November 2014 on a similar mission. In order to establish American identities for individuals and groups within specific social media communities, hundreds of email, PayPal and bank accounts and fraudulent driver's licenses were created for fictitious Americans—and sometimes real Americans whose Social Security numbers had been stolen. According to

9072-413: The intelligence community was able to protect U.S. interests against foreign terrorist attacks. Senators Dianne Feinstein , Jay Rockefeller and Bob Graham introduced S. 2645 on June 19, 2002, to create the position of Director of National Intelligence. Other similar legislation soon followed. After considerable debate on the scope of the DNI's powers and authorities, the United States Congress passed

9180-582: The lessons learned from Intellipedia and the Living Intelligence System, a pilot program within the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency created the Tearline apps focused on writing official collaborative reports in the less bureaucratic space of unclassified content. In 2006, some were concerned that individual intelligence agencies would create their own wikis, draining ideas and input from Intellipedia. Sean Dennehy,

9288-472: The matter. Donald Trump denied the interference had occurred. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) opened the Crossfire Hurricane investigation of Russian interference in July 2016, including a special focus on links between Trump associates and Russian officials and spies and suspected coordination between the Trump campaign and the Russian government. Russian attempts to interfere in

9396-540: The most. "Only 1 percent of Twitter users accounted for 70 percent of the exposure to accounts that Twitter identified as Russian troll accounts. Highly partisan Republicans were exposed to nine times more posts than non-Republicans." According to the Mueller Report, the second method of Russian interference saw the Russian intelligence service, the GRU , hacking into email accounts owned by volunteers and employees of

9504-433: The much larger Facebook. It did not address the Russian hack-and-leak operations: "Another major study in 2018 by University of Pennsylvania communications professor Kathleen Hall Jamieson suggested those probably played a significant role in the 2016 race's outcome. Lastly, it doesn't suggest that foreign influence operations aren't a threat at all." It found that voters who were already favorably disposed to Trump were exposed

9612-575: The position after his election. Before the DNI was formally established, the head of the United States Intelligence Community was the director of central intelligence (DCI), who concurrently served as the director of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). The 9/11 Commission recommended establishing the DNI position in its 9/11 Commission Report , not released until July 22, 2004, as it had identified major intelligence failures that called into question how well

9720-433: The president of the United States. President George W. Bush strengthened the role of the DNI on July 30, 2008, with Executive Order 13470 , which, among other things, solidified the DNI's legal authority to direct intelligence gathering and analysis, and to set policy for intelligence sharing with foreign agencies and for the hiring and firing of senior intelligence officials. The DNI was given further responsibility for

9828-401: The public during the three months before the 2016 election. Some were released strategically to distract the public from media events that were either beneficial to the Clinton campaign or harmful to Trump's. The first tranche of 19,000 emails and 8,000 attachments was released on July 22, 2016, three days before the Democratic convention. The resulting news coverage created the impression that

9936-693: The rallies. Russian use of social media to disseminate propaganda content was very broad. Facebook and Twitter were used, but also Reddit , Tumblr , Pinterest , Medium , YouTube , Vine , and Google+ (among other sites). Instagram was by far the most used platform, and one that largely remained out of the public eye until late 2018. The Mueller report lists IRA-created groups on Facebook including "purported conservative groups" (e.g. 'Tea Party News'), "purported Black social justice groups" (e.g. 'Blacktivist'), "LGBTQ groups" ('LGBT United'), and "religious groups" ('United Muslims of America'). The IRA Twitter accounts included @TEN_GOP (claiming to be related to

10044-563: The same time as Russia's attempt to hack the 2014 elections, the Obama administration received a report suggesting that the Kremlin was building a disinformation program which could be used to interfere in Western politics. In December 2016, two unidentified senior intelligence officials told several U.S. news media outlets that they were highly confident that the operation to interfere in

10152-800: The scope of propaganda before the 2016 U.S. election . The unit had been in development for eight months prior to being scrapped. Titled the Counter-Disinformation Team, it would have been a reboot of the Active Measures Working Group set up by the Reagan Administration . It was created under the Bureau of International Information Programs . Work began in 2014, with the intention of countering propaganda from Russian sources such as TV network RT (formerly called Russia Today). A beta website

10260-656: The special counsel investigation's Mueller Report (officially named "Report on the Investigation into Russian Interference in the 2016 Presidential Election"), the first method of Russian interference used the Internet Research Agency (IRA), a Kremlin-linked troll farm , to wage "a social media campaign that favored presidential candidate Donald J. Trump and disparaged presidential candidate Hillary Clinton". The Internet Research Agency also sought to "provoke and amplify political and social discord in

10368-574: The system appeals to the new generation of intelligence analysts because "this is how they like to work" and "it's a new way of thinking." Thomas Fingar , Deputy Director of National Intelligence for Analysis, cited the successful use of Intellipedia to develop an article on how Iraqi insurgents were using chlorine in improvised explosive devices , noting, "They developed it in a couple of days interacting in Intellipedia,"..."No bureaucracy, no mother-may-I, no convening meetings. They did it and it came out pretty good. That's going to continue to grow." In

10476-485: The two positions can be held by a military officer at any given time. The statute does not specify what rank the commissioned officer will hold during their tenure in either position. The DNI, who is appointed by the president of the United States and is subject to confirmation by the United States Senate , serves at the pleasure of the president . The position was elevated to a cabinet-level role during

10584-549: The use of Intellipedia to capture and manage knowledge, but they also incorporate the use of the other social software tools. These include blogs , RSS , and social bookmarking. The courses stress immersion in the tools and instructors encourage participants to work on a specific project in Intellipedia. The courses also expose participants to social media technologies on the Internet. In 2009, Don Burke and Sean P. Dennehy, two early and avid users of Intellipedia, were awarded with

10692-427: Was Richard Lourie . The officials believe Putin became personally involved after Russia accessed the DNC computers, because such an operation would require high-level government approval. White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest and Obama foreign policy advisor and speechwriter Ben Rhodes agreed with this assessment, with Rhodes saying operations of this magnitude required Putin's consent. In January 2017,

10800-422: Was a hostile intelligence agency aided by foreign states including Russia, and that the U.S. Intelligence Community concluded that Russia's "propaganda outlet", RT , had conspired with WikiLeaks. WikiLeaks and its founder Julian Assange have made a number of statements denying that the Russian government was the source of the material. However, an anonymous CIA official said that Russian officials transferred

10908-502: Was again somehow hidden the next day. On September 7, McCullagh reported that the DNI appeared to be open to web searches again. In September 2007, the Office of the DNI released " Intelligence Community 100 Day & 500 Day Plans for Integration & Collaboration ". These plans include a series of initiatives designed to build the foundation for increased cooperation and reform of the U.S. Intelligence Community. The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004 established

11016-618: Was by Calvin Andrus , chief technology officer of the Center for Mission Innovation at the CIA, entitled "The Wiki and the Blog: Toward a Complex Adaptive Intelligence Community". Andrus' essay argued that the power of the Internet had come from the boom in self-publishing, and noted how the open-door policy of Misplaced Pages allowed it to cover new subjects quickly. The original version was developed in beta form in late 2004 by technologists at

11124-545: Was confirmed by the U.S. Senate to be Principal Deputy Director of National Intelligence on October 4, 2007, and sworn in on October 9, 2007. Kerr, from Virginia, was previously the director of the National Reconnaissance Office and the deputy director for science and technology at the CIA before that. Earlier in his career, he was an assistant director at the FBI , in charge of their Laboratory Division from 1997 to 2001. On July 20, 2010, President Barack Obama nominated retired Air Force lieutenant general James Clapper as

11232-476: Was created so "analysts in different agencies that work X or Y can go in and see what other people are doing on subject X or Y and add in their two cents worth or documents that they have. What we are after here is 'decision superiority', not 'information superiority'. We have to get inside the decision cycle of the enemy. We have to be able to discover what they are doing and respond to it effectively." In September 2007, after sixteen months of being available across

11340-444: Was former director of central intelligence Robert M. Gates , who was serving as president of Texas A&M University , but who declined the offer. Negroponte was confirmed by a Senate vote of 98–2 on April 21, 2005, and he was sworn in by President Bush the same day. On February 13, 2007, Mike McConnell became the second director of national intelligence, after Negroponte was appointed Deputy Secretary of State . Donald M. Kerr

11448-448: Was made that Hillary Clinton was likely to win, and the strategy should be modified to work to undermine U.S. voters′ faith in their electoral system and a Clinton presidency by alleging voter fraud in the election. RISS director Mikhail Fradkov and Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov denied the allegations. According to a February 2018 criminal indictment, more than two years before the election, two Russian women obtained visas for what

11556-604: Was ready, and staff were hired by the U.S. State Department for the unit prior to its cancellation. U.S. Intelligence officials explained to former National Security Agency analyst and counterintelligence officer John R. Schindler writing in The New York Observer (published at the time by Jared Kushner ) that the Obama Administration decided to cancel the unit, as they were afraid of antagonizing Russia. A State Department representative told

11664-531: Was taken over in May 2017 by former FBI director Robert Mueller , who led a special counsel investigation until March 2019. Mueller concluded that Russian interference was "sweeping and systematic" and "violated U.S. criminal law", and he indicted twenty-six Russian citizens and three Russian organizations . The investigation also led to indictments and convictions of Trump campaign officials and associated Americans, on unrelated charges. The Mueller report, made public in April 2019, examined numerous contacts between

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