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35-701: The Intercession Altarpiece is a five-panel tempera and gold on panel painting by Gentile da Fabriano , produced during his stay in Florence from 1420 to 1423. Its original location is unknown, though it is now in the sacristy of San Niccolò Oltrarno in Florence. It is named after its central panel of Jesus and the Virgin Mary interceding to God the Father. The two outermost panels show Louis of Toulouse and Bernard of Clairvaux . The two inner side-panels show

70-514: A Madonna with Child and Angels that is part of the Quaratesi Polyptych (1425). Moreover, Gentile da Fabriano's use of halos with Arabic inscriptions influenced other artists, including painter Masaccio , who began his use of pseudo-kufic halos as early as 1422, and can be seen later in his Pisa Altarpiece from 1426. Foligno Foligno ( Italian pronunciation: [foˈliɲɲo] ; Southern Umbrian : Fuligno )

105-602: A Latin Catholic titular see . Foligno recovered and continued to grow, ultimately gaining the status of free city in 1165 thanks to emperor Frederick Barbarossa . Siding first with the Guelph party, after its occupation by Corrado Guiscardo, a captain of emperor Frederick II , it became Ghibelline as a fierce rival of the Guelph Perugia . It changed hands often during the wars of the 13th century, until 1305 when it

140-774: A church in Perugia. In 1410–1411, Gentile was in Foligno , where he frescoed some of the walls of Palazzo Trinci . Gentile met the painter Michelino da Besozzo in Venice and became inspired by his sophisticated style. Around 1410–1412, he painted what came to be known as one of his first masterworks, the Valle Romita Polyptych (now at the Pinacoteca di Brera ). The altarpiece was probably commissioned by Chiavello Chiavelli in 1412. In 1414, he moved to Brescia , at

175-632: A design that derives from Mamluk plates. An example of a Mamluk plate of the time is the Mamluk Philae Dish (c. 1345–1360), where four rosettes divide the Arabic script into quadrants. Halos with pseudo-kufic inscriptions are reflected in several of Gentile da Fabriano's paintings that were produced during his time in Florence including the Coronation of the Virgin from around 1420 and

210-503: A historical event. It takes place in the town of Foligno. Actually the challenges take place in June (1st Challenge) during a Saturday night and September (the counter-challenge) the 2nd or 3rd Sunday of September. The definition of Quintana comes from the 5th road of the Roman military Camps, where the soldiers were trained to the lance fighting. They run against a dummy-soldier, trying to catch

245-546: A panel for the church of Santa Sofia, now lost; Jacopo Bellini might have worked in his workshop. Between 1408 and 1409, he painted a fresco (now lost) in the Doge's Palace depicting the naval battle between the Venetians and Otto III . In Venice, he met Pisanello and perhaps Michelino da Besozzo . He also produced commissioned works for other cities during this period, such as his Madonna and Child (c. 1405–1410) for

280-476: A quarter of the town. Rushing at gallop, they have to catch 3 rings having smaller size at each tournament. The rings are hanging from a rotating statue represent Mars, the Roman God of War. The statue is in oak original dating back until 1613 (17th century) having a shield and a straight arm. A number of happenings involve the whole town and a parade of 800 persons dressed in original-like precious dresses walk in

315-602: A ring hanging from an arm of the dummy. Here the origin of the tournament's name, but the first definition and documented "Quintana" as a knights' jousting tournament during a festival, dates back to 1448. Since then, Foligno's "Quintana" was held uninterruptedly every year. In 1946 the actual "Giostra della Quintana" was reborn. In 1613 the Priors included the Quintana in the events of Carnival festivals, and all has been historically documented. There are ten knights, each representing

350-612: Is an ancient town of Italy in the province of Perugia in east central Umbria , on the Topino river where it leaves the Apennines and enters the wide plain of the Clitunno river system. It is located 40 kilometres (25 miles) south-east of Perugia , 10 km (6 mi) north-north-west of Trevi and 6 km (4 mi) south of Spello . While Foligno is an active bishopric, one of its civil parishes, San Giovanni Profiamma ,

385-585: Is on an important interchange road junction in central Italy and 2 km (1 mi) away from the centre of the city there is the Foligno Airport . Foligno seems to have been founded by Umbrians in the pre-Roman period (probably 8th century BC). It was conquered by the Romans after the Battle of Sentinum in 295 BC, receiving the name of Fulginiae from the ancient cult of the goddess Fulginia . In

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420-615: Is the historical site of the former bishopric of Foro Flaminio , which remains a Latin Catholic titular see . Foligno railway station forms part of the main line from Rome to Ancona , and is the junction for Perugia; it is thus an important rail centre, with repair and maintenance yards for the trains of central Italy, and was therefore subjected to severe Allied aerial bombing in World War II , responsible for its relatively modern aspect, although it retains some medieval monuments. Of its Roman past no significant trace remains, with

455-464: Is traditionally divided into twenty rioni ("quarters"). Only ten of those are officially recognized and can take part in the Giostra della Quintana  : Ten "defunct" rioni have been absorbed by the ones above: Borgo, Fonte del Campo, Cipischi, Croce, Falconi, Feldenghi, Franceschi, Menacoda, Piazza Vecchia and Spavagli. The Giostra della Quintana is a knight ring jousting tournament based on

490-890: The Intercession Altarpiece (1420–1423) and the Quaratesi Polyptych (May 1425). In June–August 1425, he was in Siena , where he painted a Madonna with Child , now lost, for the Palazzo dei Notai in Piazza del Campo . Between August and October 1425, he was in Orvieto , where he painted a fresco of the Madonna and Child in the Cathedral , where it still remains today. The work has since been restored. Between 1420 and 1425, Gentile painted another work, an Annunciation , in

525-573: The Holy Land . Halos painted with patterns based on Mamluk metalworks reveal the types of commercial and artistic exchanges that were taking place in other Italian city-states , like Florence. The fact that Florence secured two major seaports, Pisa and Livorno , in 1406 and 1421 respectively, illustrates the increased diplomatic ties between the Florentines and Mamluks. By the late thirteenth century, artists like Duccio and then later in

560-743: The Papal authority , Pope Eugene IV sent a force against Foligno in 1439, led by Cardinal Giovanni Vitelleschi . The inhabitants opened their gates and Corrado was beheaded in 1441 in the castle of Soriano . Henceforth Foligno belonged to the Papal States until 1860, with the exception of the Napoleonic era, when it was part of the Roman Republic (1799) then of the French Empire (1809‑1814). The citizens took an active part in

595-514: The Risorgimento wars, and on 14 September 1860 Savoy troops took the city and annexed it to the Kingdom of Italy . It has suffered from several major earthquakes, among which those of 1832 and 1997 . Main attractions of the city include: The name of Foligno was famous for a noteworthy school of painting in the 15th century, and its name is carried by the Madonna of Foligno , now in

630-612: The Vatican , was painted by the Urbinate artist Raphael for the nobleman Sigismondo di Comitibus. The first printed edition of Dante's Divina Commedia was printed in the Orfini Palace at Foligno on 5 and 6 April 1472 by Johannes Neumeister and Evangelista Mei , when the sheets for 300 copies were made. The city is also notable as the birthplace of St Angela of Foligno (1248–1309). The historical centre of Foligno

665-704: The Vatican Pinacoteca . This painting contains a number of unique features and uses the so-called ut vitrum metaphor, that is a special use of light creating glass-like images. Gentile also demonstrates this technique in the predella . The Nativity scene contains three different sources of light (the moon, the angel above and the Christ child) and represents the first realistic depiction of night in Renaissance art. In 1427 Gentile arrived in Rome. There, he

700-525: The Chiesa di San Niccolò Oltrarno in 1862. Having already been aggressively restored, the work was seriously damaged in 1897 by a fire that burned its whole surface. The following cleaning attempts were not able to successfully recover the work's legibility, causing it to be considered a lost da Fabriano masterpiece. It was held, untouched for years, in the storage of the Palazzo Pitti . The poor state of

735-661: The Magi (1423) commissioned by Palla Strozzi. This work, which is now in the Uffizi , is regarded as one of the masterpieces of the International Gothic style and had a lasting influence on Italian Renaissance painting. This work demonstrated his improved naturalistic technique with the use of light to create dimensions and perspective.e. His use of contrasting light brought the figures to life, making them appear more naturally human.. His other works in Florence include

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770-538: The Magi from the Strozzi Altarpiece (1423), and the Flight into Egypt . Following a visit to Florence in 1419, he came in contact with humanism , which influenced his work throughout the rest of his career. He became highly influential on other painters in Florence , especially with his detailed representations inspired by his observations of the natural world. Gentile (di Niccolò di Massio) da Fabriano

805-473: The Resurrection of Lazarus and a group of three saints (Saints Cosmas , Damian and Julian ). The polyptych was made following da Fabriano's travels to Florence in 1420–1423, while working on his Adoration of the Magi . The Intercession Altarpiece , named after the central panel, was made for an unknown commission with an unknown original location. The first mention of the altarpiece places it in

840-531: The church of Santa Maria in Trastevere , in Rome. The Mamluk Sultanate is well-known for its production of metalwork objects, most of which include inscriptions in Arabic script. Venice was among the early important centers of trade for Islamic goods in Europe, and in turn, traditional Islamic forms were highly desired by European patrons because of their associations with "exotic" Other of Jerusalem and

875-590: The classic Roman age the city acquired importance first as a municipium , later as the seat of a prefecture and finally as a Statio principalis of road traffic along the ancient Via Flaminia . The city began to decay in the late Roman Empire years: after the fall of the latter, Fulginiae became part of the Duchy of Spoleto , and was sacked by the Saracens in 881 and ruined by Magyars in 915 and again in 924: its inhabitants therefore decided to move, settling around

910-452: The early fifteenth century, Gentile da Fabriano, were influenced by these types of Mamluk metalwork pieces and started to incorporate their patterns and motifs into their paintings. In Gentile da Fabriano's Adoration of the Magi (1423), pseudo-Kufic inscriptions line the cloaks of several figures. Such inscriptions also appear in the bold, ornamented halo of the Virgin Mary and Joseph, which are divided into four equal parts by rosettes ,

945-477: The exception of the regular street plan of the centre. Other resources include sugar refineries and metallurgical, textile, building materials and paper and timber industries. After the war, the city's position in the plain and again its rail connections have led to a considerable suburban spread with the attendant problems of traffic and air pollution, as well as a severe encroachment on the Umbrian wetlands. Foligno

980-722: The influence of paintings made in the northern Italian late-Gothic style. Around 1390 he was in Pavia at the court of Gian Galeazzo Visconti , where he left a painting of Madonna with the Children together with the saints Clara and Francis (now in the Pavia Civic Museums ) and some frescoes depicting ladies in a room of the Visconti Castle . About 1405, Gentile da Fabriano was working in Venice . He painted

1015-533: The nearby Civitas Sancti Feliciani (former Castrum Sancti Feliciani ), a church strengthened by walls where the Bishop and martyr Feliciano was buried in the 3rd century AD and which was then already populated. The new seat had also attracted people from Forum Flaminii (now San Giovanni Profiamma ), a neighbouring city and former bishopric that had been destroyed by the Lombards under Liutprand but remains

1050-575: The panels also raised doubts about the signature of the artist, which was however affirmed by Roberto Longhi and his students. In 1979, art historian Luciano Bellosi denied the Florentine origin of the work. Instead he assigned it to an earlier phase of da Fabriano's career, perhaps in Venice. Bellosi believed that the work was perhaps sent to Florence as a calling card by the painter, as a test of his skill before settling there. Gentile da Fabriano His best-known works are his Adoration of

1085-580: The service of Pandolfo III Malatesta .During the following five years, he painted the Broletto Chapel, a work now mostly lost. While in Brescia in 1418, Gentile painted another panel that was later given as a gift to Pope Martin V , who had passed through the city on his way to Rome. On 6 August 1420, Gentile was in Florence , where he painted his famous altarpiece depicting the Adoration of

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1120-1400: The town the day before the joust takes place. (a subdivision of a comune (municipality) in Italy) Abbazia di Sassovivo , Acqua Santo Stefano, Afrile, Aghi, Ali, Annifo , Arvello, Ascolano, Barri, Belfiore, Borgarella, Borroni, Budino, Camino, Cancellara, Cancelli, Cantagalli, Capodacqua, Caposomigiale, Cappuccini, Cariè, Carpello, Casa del Prete, Casa Pacico, Casale del Leure, Casale della Macchia, Casale di Morro, Casale di Scopoli, Cascito, Casco dell'Acqua, Casenove, Casette di Cupigliolo , Casevecchie, Cassignano, Castello di Morro, Castretto, Cavallara, Cave, Cerritello, Chieve, Cifo, Civitella, Colfiorito , Collazzolo, Colle di Verchiano, Colle San Giovanni, Colle San Lorenzo, Colle Scandolaro, Collelungo, Collenibbio, Colpernaco, Colpersico, Corvia, Costa di Arvello, Crescenti, Croce di Roccafranca, Croce di Verchiano, Cupacci, Cupigliolo, Cupoli, Curasci, Fiamenga, Fondi, Forcatura , Fraia, Hoffmann, La Franca, La Spiazza, La Valle, Leggiana, Liè, Maceratola, Maestà di Colfornaro, Madonna delle Grazie, Montarone, Morro, Navello, Orchi, Palarne, Pale, Perticani, Pescara I°, Pescara II°, Pieve Fanonica, Pisenti, Poggiarello, Polveragna, Ponte San Lazzaro, Ponte Santa Lucia, Pontecentesimo, Popola, Rasiglia, Ravignano, Rio, Roccafranca, Roviglieto, San Bartolomeo, San Giovanni Profiamma (site of

1155-562: Was born around 1370 in or near Fabriano , in the Marche . His family included people active in the civic and religious life of the city. However, much of Gentile's early life remains undocumented. His mother died before 1380, and in that year his father, Niccolò di Giovanni Massi, retired to a monastery where he died in 1385. Little is known of his education: one of his first known works, a Madonna and Child (c. 1395–1400, now in Berlin) shows

1190-538: Was commissioned by Pope Martin V to decorate the nave of the Basilica of St. John in Lateran . However, Gentile is known to have died soon thereafter, before 14 October 1427. The nave would later be completed by Pisanello after Gentile's death. Gentile was reported buried in the church now called S. Francesca Romana in Florence, but his tomb can no longer be traced there; other sources report that he may be buried in

1225-743: Was seized from the Ghibelline Anastasi by the powerful Guelph family of the Trinci , acting as semi-independent deputies of the Holy See . During this period Foligno flourished and reached the height of its wealth and, especially in the 15th century, was a centre of art thanks to the family's patronage of arts (exemplified by the Palazzo Trinci ). It controlled a large territory, including Assisi , Bevagna , Giano , Montefalco , Nocera and Spello . When Corrado Trinci turned against

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