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21-600: A majority of the over 2,500 educational radio stations do not affiliate nationally, but of the ones that do, IBS represents over 90%. The organization is also a member of the National Association of Broadcasters . The entire staff of IBS is composed of unpaid volunteers. For over 80 years, IBS has held an annual spring national conference in New York City, at the Hotel Pennsylvania. Part of

42-642: A commercial radio system in the United States. The system was set up in August 1928 with the establishment of General Order 40—a radio reallocation scheme by the Federal Radio Commission which awarded the choicest frequencies and broadcast times to the then-emerging commercial radio industry. In the wake of General Order 40, a loose coalition of educators, nonprofit broadcasters, labor unions , and religious groups coalesced to oppose

63-900: A Congressional threat appeared, advocating viewers to defeat a cable-TV lobby. NAB's annual spring convention is the NAB Show . It typically draws over 100,000 industry professionals. NAB also manages the NAB Radio Show which is held each autumn and draws over 3,000 radio professionals. At the 2010 and 2011 NAB shows, popular technology included stereoscopic video and editing software—a demand inspired by James Cameron's Avatar ; point-of-view cameras, and DSLR cameras boasting shallow Depth of Field. Other strides in nonlinear editing technology included archival film restoration, digital audio mixing improvements, motion stabilization of hand-held footage and rotoscoping with one click. The annual NAB Show returned to Las Vegas April 23-27, 2022, after

84-594: A two-year absence due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Preliminary attendance figures indicated the show attracted more than 50,000 visitors from 155 countries. In 1952, the NAB created the Code of Practices for Television Broadcasters , which banned profanity, the negative portrayal of family life, irreverence for God and religion, illicit sex, drunkenness and biochemical addiction, presentation of cruelty, detailed techniques of crime,

105-573: Is a trade association and lobby group representing the interests of commercial and non-commercial over-the-air radio and television broadcasters in the United States . The NAB represents more than 8,300 terrestrial radio and television stations as well as broadcast networks . As of 2022, the president and CEO of the NAB is Curtis LeGeyt. The NAB was founded as the National Association of Radio Broadcasters ( NARB ) in April 1923 at

126-567: The Drake Hotel in Chicago . The association's founder and first president was Eugene F. McDonald Jr. , who also launched the Zenith corporation . In 1951 it changed its name to the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters ( NARTB ) to include the television industry. In 1958 it adopted its current name, "National Association of Broadcasters". The NAB worked to establish

147-729: The Illinois Broadcasters Association (IBA), in Illinois. In Canada , the Canadian Association of Broadcasters (CAB) has a similar role. Frequency allocation Frequency allocation (or spectrum allocation ) is the part of spectrum management dealing with the designation and regulation of the electromagnetic spectrum into frequency bands , normally done by governments in most countries. Because radio propagation does not stop at national boundaries, governments have sought to harmonise

168-654: The FCC's approval of both satellite radio services in the United States— XM and Sirius —and furthermore criticized the 2008 merger of the two companies , calling the merged company a "potential monopoly ". In 2005, the NAB, together with the Association for Maximum Service Television Stations, Inc. (MSTV), commenced development of a prototype high quality, low cost digital-to-analog converter box for terrestrial digital television reception. The result of this project

189-544: The Federal Communications Commission at levels far stronger than that being advocated for in policy circles have not supported such claims. Indeed, the FCC has recommended the use of white spaces for broadband and other digital use. In 2011 the NAB funded an advertising campaign titled "The Future of TV", advocating for the private ownership of the spectrum, framed as a threat to free television. In mid-2014, an NAB advertising campaign against

210-541: The NAB and the commercial radio industry, the non-profit coalition eventually lost the fight with the passage of the Communications Act of 1934 . The National Independent Broadcasters were formed in 1939 as part of the NAB, to represent stations that were not associated with any network, but the group split off in 1941. Many satellite radio enthusiasts have criticized the NAB for lobbying against legislation approvals for those services. The NAB protested

231-461: The NAB and their allies through the 1920s and 1930s, and to develop a public, nonprofit, license-funded radio system without commercials (similar to what happened with the BBC). The coalition claimed that the commercial industry would only promote profitable programming, thereby reducing the quality and future potential of radio broadcasting. Not having the political connections, resources, or publicity of

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252-661: The allocation of RF bands and their standardization. The International Telecommunication Union defines frequency allocation as being of "a given frequency band for the purpose of its use by one or more terrestrial or space radiocommunication services or the radio astronomy service under specified conditions". Frequency allocation is also a special term, used in national frequency administration . Other terms are: Several bodies set standards for frequency allocation, including: To improve harmonisation in spectrum utilisation, most service allocations are incorporated in national Tables of Frequency Allocations and Utilisations within

273-543: The convention's proceedings is the announcement of awards presented to outstanding college and high school operations. IBS also holds a series of "Coast-to-Coast Fall Conferences" at select member colleges. IBS was founded in 1940, by George Abraham and David W. Borst, who in late 1936 had established the first low-powered AM carrier current radio station on a college campus, "The Brown Network" at Brown University in Providence, Rhode Island. IBS's organizing convention

294-521: The exchange of ideas and programs, in addition to working to attract national advertising contracts for the member stations. The first IBS intercollegiate broadcasts began on May 9, 1940, with a five-part series that was carried by stations located throughout New England at Brown, Harvard, Williams, and Wesleyan universities, in addition to the Universities of Connecticut and Rhode Island. In August 1940, Bloch moved to New York City in order to promote

315-588: The organization eventually concentrated on promoting noncommercial educational FM stations. In 1940, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) established the first band for FM broadcasting, consisting of forty channels occupying 42 to 50 MHz, with five of these channels reserved for educational stations. In 1945 the FM band was moved and expanded to one hundred channels, from 88 to 108 MHz. IBS, in an effort led by U.S. Commissioner of Education John W. Studebaker, organized witnesses to testify on behalf of educational radio, and

336-621: The selection of material relating to violence, drug abuse, and sex. On March 1, 2022 the NAB called "on broadcasters to cease carrying any state-sponsored programming with ties to the Russian government" in response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine the week prior. The NAB presents several annual awards: Organizations similar to the NAB exist in individual U.S. states , including Georgia Association of Broadcasters (GAB) in Georgia , and

357-478: The stations and sign advertising contracts for the then twelve-station organization, known informally as the "Gas Pipe Network". A small office was established at Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street and a rate card prepared, operating under the slogan "From Princeton to Stanford, IBS Sells the Colleges". Although the initial IBS member stations were all AM carrier current stations that were financed by selling commercials,

378-478: The use of horror for its own sake, and the negative portrayal of law enforcement officials, among others. It was enforced by a committee appointed by President of the NAB. After the courts struck down the Code as unconstitutional in 1983, the NAB board of directors issued a brief "Statement of Principles of Radio and Television Broadcasters" that encourages broadcasters to "exercise responsible and careful judgment" in

399-699: Was a specification for the converter box, which was then adopted by the National Telecommunications and Information Administration as a technical requirement for eligible converter boxes for the Administration's Digital-to-Analog Converter Box Coupon Program . The NAB has lobbied against the use of white spaces , unused broadcast spectrum lying between broadcast channels, for wireless broadband internet and other digital use. The NAB has claimed that use of white space will interfere with existing broadcast spectrum, even though tests by

420-667: Was held at Brown on February 17-18, 1940, and attended by representatives from twelve colleges with existing or proposed carrier current stations. George Abraham was elected the IBS Chairman, Peter Thorpe the Advertising Manager, David Borst the Technical Manager, Joseph Parnicky the Program Manager, and Louis M. Bloch, Jr. the organization's Business Manager. IBS's role was defined as a medium for

441-444: Was instrumental in getting the FCC to secure an FM "reserved band" of twenty education channels from 88.1 to 91.9 MHz. Later, IBS helped promote the establishment of low-power 10-watt Class D licenses, to provide for low cost entry-level noncommercial stations. In later years the organization added webcasting stations to its roster. National Association of Broadcasters The National Association of Broadcasters ( NAB )

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