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60-599: Originally founded in 1956 by the legendary UCLA men's tennis coach, J. D. Morgan, the Intercollegiate Tennis Association (ITA) is the governing body of college tennis, overseeing men's and women's varsity tennis at all levels – NCAA Divisions I, II and III, NAIA and Junior/Community College. Officially incorporated in 1978 as the Intercollegiate Tennis Coaches Association (ITCA), for more than 65 years,

120-442: A ferry service operated by Charles T. Hayden , and ' San Pablo ', and were located west and east of Hayden Butte respectively. The ferry became the key river crossing in the area. The Tempe Irrigating Canal Company was soon established by William Kirkland and James McKinney to provide water for alfalfa, wheat, barley, oats, and cotton. Pioneer Darrell Duppa is credited with suggesting Tempe's name, adopted in 1879, after comparing

180-770: Is a city in Maricopa County, Arizona , United States, with the Census Bureau reporting a 2020 population of 180,587. The city is named after the Vale of Tempe in Greece . Tempe is located in the East Valley section of metropolitan Phoenix ; it is bordered by Phoenix and Guadalupe on the west, Scottsdale and the Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community on the north, Chandler on

240-503: Is also home to the annual Ironman Triathlon , which takes place in late November. Tempe has more than 50 neighborhood and community parks, including Kiwanis Park, Tempe Beach Park and Tempe Sports Complex. Kiwanis Park contains Kiwanis Lake , the only indoor wave pool in the Phoenix area, a gymnasium, a batting range, tennis courts, a fitness center, and classroom programs. The city has had 33 mayors since 1894. Tempe

300-647: Is fed by numerous perennial streams that start as springs and seeps along the Mogollon Rim and in the White Mountains. The Salt River is perennial from its tributary headwaters to Granite Reef Diversion Dam near Mesa . From the Black and White confluence, the Salt River flows generally west and southwest. It is joined by Carrizo Creek, a 25-mile (40 km) perennial stream, and then flows through

360-480: Is home to many national and international events, such as Ironman Arizona and Rock n Roll Marathon. Gammage Auditorium was also the site of one of the three Presidential debates in 2004 , and Super Bowl XXX was played at Sun Devil Stadium . Additionally, Tempe is the spring training host city of the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim . One of Arizona's largest shopping malls, Arizona Mills , sits near

420-792: Is in Arizona's 9th Congressional District, served by Representative Greg Stanton (D) . Tempe is served by multiple school districts . Most of Tempe is within the Tempe Elementary School District and the Tempe Union High School District ; however, other portions are served by the Kyrene School District (K–8), Scottsdale Unified School District (K–12), and Mesa Public Schools (K–12). James Madison Preparatory School and Tempe Preparatory Academy are also located in

480-602: Is land and 0.1 square miles (0.26 km ) is water. The total area is 0.32% water, including Tempe Town Lake . The city of Tempe is bordered by Mesa to the east, Scottsdale and the Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community to the north, Phoenix and Guadalupe to the west, and Chandler to the south. Tempe is generally flat, except for Tempe Butte or Hayden Butte (generally known as A-Mountain for Arizona State University's "A" logo located on its south face), located next to Sun Devil Stadium , Twin Buttes and Bell Butte on

540-777: Is located at the University of Georgia ’s Dan Magill Tennis Complex in Athens, Georgia , and the ITA Women's Hall of Fame is located at the McCormack-Nagelsen Tennis Center at the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia . The ITA Women's Collegiate Tennis Hall of Fame was created to "celebrate the milestones in women's collegiate tennis, from the early struggles for recognition to

600-672: Is the University of Arizona Wildcats, in Tucson . The two teams compete in the "Duel in the Desert" for control of the Territorial Cup . Sun Devil Stadium had hosted the annual Fiesta Bowl until the 2007 game moved to State Farm Stadium. The Los Angeles Angels have their spring training at Tempe Diablo Stadium , a 9,785-seat ballpark built in 1968. The Angels moved to Tempe in 1993 from Palm Springs, California . The Arizona Coyotes began using Mullett Arena as their home venue for

660-656: The Alliance of American Football played their one season in Tempe in early 2019. The league folded before the season was completed. Rugby union is a developing sport in Tempe as well as in the Phoenix metropolitan area . The multiple clubs, ranging from men's and women's clubs to collegiate and Under 19, are part of the Arizona Rugby Union . Notable clubs are Arizona State University Rugby Football Club and

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720-669: The Mazatzal Mountains and the Superstition Mountains and is impounded by Horse Mesa Dam (forming Apache Lake ) then Mormon Flat Dam (forming Canyon Lake ) then Stewart Mountain Dam (forming Saguaro Lake ). These four reservoirs are part of the Salt River Project . The water is used by the Phoenix metropolitan area for municipal, industrial, and agricultural purposes. The storage capacity of

780-712: The National Register of Historic Places . From 1988 to 2005, Sun Devil Stadium hosted the National Football League 's Arizona Cardinals (they were known as the Phoenix Cardinals from 1988 to 1993). The Cardinals have since moved to State Farm Stadium in Glendale for games, but maintain their headquarters and training facility in Tempe. Many residents follow the teams in nearby Phoenix and Glendale. ( For more information, read

840-503: The Salt River valley near a 300-foot (91 m)-tall butte , to the Vale of Tempe near Mount Olympus in Greece . From its founding in 1871 until 90 years later, Tempe was a sundown town where African Americans were permitted to work but forced to live elsewhere. In 1965, Warren and Carol Livingston were the first African Americans to buy property in Tempe. In 1885, the 13th Arizona Territorial Legislature chose Tempe for

900-691: The Salt River Canyon . Cibecue Creek, a 36-mile (58 km) perennial stream, joins the river in the canyon, flowing from the north through the Fort Apache Reservation. Between Carrizo and Cibecue creeks, the Salt River becomes the boundary between the Tonto National Forest on the south and the Fort Apache Reservation on the north. Another perennial stream joins from the north, 46-mile (74 km) long Canyon Creek , followed by Cherry Creek . Just downstream from

960-801: The Sierra Ancha and Mazatzal Mountains . The White and Black rivers drain the White Mountains in the Fort Apache Indian Reservation . Together the two rivers drain an area of about 1,900 square miles (4,900 km ). The Salt River, along with the Black River, forms the boundary between the Fort Apache Indian Reservation to the north and the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation to the south. The Salt River

1020-598: The Valley Metro Line . Going south, development becomes less dense, consisting of single-family homes, strip malls and lower-density office parks. The Salt River runs west through the northern part of Tempe; part of the river is dammed in two places to create Tempe Town Lake . According to the United States Census Bureau , the landlocked city has a total area of 40.2 square miles (104 km ), of which 40.1 square miles (104 km )

1080-546: The sports section on the Phoenix page ) The Arizona State University Sun Devils compete in football , basketball , baseball , as well as a number of other sports in the Pac-12 Conference of the NCAA . The Sun Devils football team plays their games at Sun Devil Stadium. Currently as a Division I Independent program , the men's ice hockey team plays at 5,000-seat Mullett Arena. The Sun Devils' nearest rival

1140-418: The 19th century. It currently provides a major source of irrigation and drinking water for Phoenix and surrounding communities through the Salt River Project . The river's water is distributed over more than 1,000 miles (1,600 km) of irrigation canals, used primarily for the growing of cotton , alfalfa , fruit, and vegetables. North American beavers ( Castor canadensis ) historically flourished on

1200-494: The 2022-23 National Hockey League season after struggling to find long-term arena agreements in the greater Phoenix area. This was seen as a short-term solution until a new arena was built. After several unsuccessful attempts at securing a new arena, the Coyotes ultimately played what would be their final two seasons at Mullett Arena before ceasing operations in 2024, and relocating to Salt Lake City, Utah. The Arizona Hotshots of

1260-479: The 20th and 21st centuries, Tempe has expanded as a suburb of Phoenix, and as a center of education and commerce. Tempe is an inner suburb , located between the core city of Phoenix and the rest of the East Valley. Due to this as well as being the home of the main campus of Arizona State University, Tempe has a fairly dense, urbanized development pattern in the northern part of the city especially in relation to

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1320-602: The Arts (TCA) is a community crown jewel for performing and visual arts. The $ 65 million venue houses a state-of-the-art 600-seat theater, a 200-seat studio theater, a picturesque 200-seat multi-purpose space, a 3,500 square-foot art gallery. The Tempe History Museum explores local history through collections, research services, exhibits, and programs. The Tempe Public Art Program coordinates artists with building designers to install permanent and temporary public art projects. Since 1988, more than 50 projects have been commissioned by

1380-627: The Gila on the southwestern edge of Phoenix, approximately 15 miles (24 km) from the center of the city. Monument Hill overlooks the confluence of the two rivers and is the site of the Initial Survey point for Arizona, the Gila and Salt River Meridian . The Salt River formerly flowed through its entire course year-round. However, the free-flowing river would frequently flood, including a massive flood in 1891 . This flood, as well as others, led to

1440-606: The ITA has worked hard to achieve its charter goals: (1) “To foster and encourage the playing of intercollegiate tennis in accordance with the highest tradition of sportsmanship and consistent with the general objectives of higher education.” (2) “To develop among the intercollegiate coaches a deeper sense of responsibility in teaching, promoting, maintaining, and conducting the game of tennis.” And, (3) “To educate and serve those individuals and groups who are involved in collegiate tennis: junior and college players, their coaches and parents, and

1500-715: The NCAA Championships, the ITA is responsible for organizing the vast majority of collegiate national championships over the spring, summer, and fall. Today, the ITA runs 13 national events for schools and student-athletes across all five divisions of play. The ITA is widely considered as the most influential and active governing body to their sport amongst all collegiate sports. ITA Team Championships: ITA Individual Championships: Various national and regional awards are presented by ITA in recognition of outstanding performances in men's and women's college tennis each year. The awards include: The ITA Men's Hall of Fame

1560-694: The Salt River Canyon Wilderness. The river continues to flow through the Tonto National Forest until leaving the mountains near Mesa. Below the Pinal Creek confluence, the Salt River enters Theodore Roosevelt Lake , the first of four reservoirs on the river. Tonto Creek joins the Salt River in Theodore Roosevelt Lake. Below Theodore Roosevelt Dam , the Salt River passes through the canyon between

1620-731: The Salt River has also been known as: The Salt River is formed by the confluence of the White River and the Black River in the White Mountains of eastern Gila County. The White and Black rivers, and other tributaries of the upper Salt River, drain the region between the Mogollon Rim in the north and the Natanes Mountains and Natanes Plateau to the east and south. Tributaries of the Salt River also drain

1680-474: The Salt River leaves the mountains and flows past the cities of Mesa , Tempe , and Scottsdale , then south of downtown Phoenix , where it passes north of South Mountain Park . With the exception of Tempe Town Lake , the riverbed winding through the cities is usually dry, except when heavy rains upstream force Stewart Mountain Dam to release more water than can be diverted at Granite Reef Dam. The Salt River joins

1740-547: The Salt River's many tributaries is the 195-mile (314 km) Verde River . The Salt's headwaters tributaries, the Black River and East Fork, increase the river's total length to about 300 miles (480 km). The name Salt River comes from the river's course over large salt deposits shortly after the merging of the White and Black Rivers. According to the Geographic Names Information System ,

1800-514: The Salt is 2,570 cubic feet per second (73 m /s) at its mouth. However, except after rainfall, the Salt is dry or a small stream below Granite Reef Dam. The river was formerly navigable throughout its course by small craft. The river is still navigable in the majority of the area where it still carries water. The river was used for irrigation by the pre-Columbian Hohokam culture, by later Native Americans , and by early Euro-American settlers in

1860-494: The Salt's confluence with Medicine Creek, a portion of the Tonto National Forest is designated the Salt River Canyon Wilderness . The Salt River forms the northern and western boundary of the wilderness for several miles, after which the national forest and wilderness occupy both sides of the river. Continuing its westward course, the Salt River is joined by Pinal Creek from the south, just before leaving

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1920-512: The Tempe "Old Devils" Rugby Club. Tempe is home to many outdoor activities. Tempe Town Lake is a publicly accessible lake that is run by City of Tempe. The lake provides recreation activities to residents and tourists, but also helps protect the surrounding area from flooding. The City of Tempe estimated that 2.7 million people visited the lake in 2013. Papago Park and Tempe Butte Desert Preserves offer hiking, mountain and road biking, rock climbing, disc golf , and equestrian activities. Tempe

1980-690: The Tempe's Community Services Division. The Art in Private Development ordinance of 1991 has helped add more than 60 privately owned pieces of art to the city, accessible by the public. Tempe enjoyed a thriving alternative music scene throughout the 1980s and '90s, producing acts including as the Gin Blossoms , Meat Puppets , Dead Hot Workshop , The Refreshments , Roger Clyne and the Peacemakers , Hans Olson , The Maine , and Injury Reserve . Historic dive-bar Yucca Tap Room, one of

2040-681: The White River. In ancient times, the river was home to the Salado culture and the Hohokam culture . The Akimel O'odham , also known as the Pima people , lived along the Salt River and dug canals, using irrigation to provide water to their villages and farms in the arid environment. The river was known to the authorities of New Spain as the Río Salado . The United States government recognized

2100-459: The achievement of full-fledged intercollegiate competition." The Intercollegiate Tennis Association (ITA) administers college tennis rankings that are designed to track the top men and women tennis players and teams in NCAA DI, II, III, NAIA and Junior Colleges (JUCO). ITA Tennis rankings Tempe, Arizona Tempe ( / t ɛ m ˈ p iː / tem- PEE ; Oidbaḍ in O'odham )

2160-403: The age of 18 living with them, 38.4% were married couples living together, 9.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 47.1% were non-families. 28.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.05. In the city, 19.8% of the population was under

2220-462: The age of 18, 21.3% from 18 to 24, 33.2% from 25 to 44, 18.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.1 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 42,361, and the median income for a family was $ 55,237. Males had a median income of $ 36,406 versus $ 28,605 for females. The per capita income for

2280-588: The area. Salt River (Arizona) The Salt River ( Spanish : Río Salado , O'odham [Pima] : Onk Akimel , Yavapai : Hakanyacha or Hakathi: , Maricopa language : Va Shly'ay ) is a river in Gila and Maricopa counties in Arizona , United States, that is the largest tributary of the Gila River . The river is about 200 miles (320 km) long. Its drainage basin covers about 13,700 square miles (35,000 km ). The longest of

2340-537: The at-large tennis public.” Former Princeton tennis coach, David A Benjamin, became the head of the organization in 1979, first as the elected president before serving as the executive director from 1983 to 2016. Since 2016, the ITA headquarters has been located in Tempe, Arizona , near the Arizona State University (ASU) campus. The current chief executive officer is Dr. Timothy Russell. Except for

2400-425: The border with the town of Guadalupe . The city is the location of the first IKEA branch in Arizona, also near the southern boundary. Tempe Marketplace , a large open air mall featuring live music and water and laser shows, is located just southeast of Tempe Town Lake . Tempe can boast an array of wholesalers and manufacturers. Mill Avenue , located just west of Hayden Butte, is a shopping and entertainment area in

2460-469: The city popular with pedestrians and students. With the completion of Tempe Town Lake, commercial and high-rise development along the reservoir quickly transformed the cityscape of Mill Avenue and the skyline of downtown Tempe. According to Tempe's Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the financial year ending June 2020, the top employers in the city are: Opened in September 2007, Tempe Center for

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2520-487: The city was $ 22,406. About 7.5% of families and 14.3% of the population were below the poverty line , including 13.6% of those under age 18 and 5.1% of those age 65 or over. There is a Mexican-American community in Tempe. Tempe is the headquarters and executive office of one Fortune 500 company: DriveTime . Carvana , GoDaddy , NortonLifeLock , First Solar , the Salt River Project , Circle K , and Fulton Homes are also headquartered in Tempe. Cold Stone Creamery

2580-522: The city. The population density was 3,959.4 inhabitants per square mile (1,528.7/km ). There were 67,068 housing units at an average density of 1,674.1 per square mile (646.4/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 77.5% White , 5.9% Black or African American , 2.9% Native American , 5.7% Asian , 0.4% Pacific Islander , 8.5% from other races , and 3.9% from two or more races. 21.2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 63,602 households, out of which 24.4% had children under

2640-478: The construction of several dams, beginning with the Theodore Roosevelt Dam, have caused the river to become intermittent in many parts. Despite the dry river bed, or arroyo , dangerous flash floods occasionally occur, especially during monsoon storms in late July and early August. Flood waters can wash out roads. Bridges have been damaged, notably in 1980, 1993, and 2005. The natural flow of

2700-671: The four Salt River Project dams, the Verde River joins the Salt from the north. Fountain Hills is located a few miles to the northwest. The Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community is located near the Verde–Salt confluence. The Tonto National Forest ends a couple miles below the Verde River confluence, and the Salt River enters the eastern edge of the greater Phoenix metropolitan area. Less than 1 ⁄ 2 mile (0.80 km) from

2760-468: The future. Less than a year later, Arizona was admitted as the 48th state, and the Salt River Valley continued to develop. On August 30, 1971, Tempe was hit by a rare F2 tornado that injured 41 people, the most injuries recorded from a tornado in Arizona, and caused damage in upwards of $ 3 million. One indirect fatality occurred when a man died from a heart attack during the storm. In

2820-554: The last remaining 'small stage' venues that defined this era, continues to host nightly local live music. The Tempe Music Walk honors select bands, musicians and musical venues with plaques embedded in the sidewalk on Mill Avenue. Honorees are Walt Richardson, The Gin Blossoms , Hans Olson , and Long Wong's . Tempe Public Library is the local library. It is located adjacent to the Tempe History Museum. Many of

2880-717: The national forest boundary, the Granite Reef Diversion Dam diverts all remaining water in the Salt River into the Arizona Canal and Southern Canal, which deliver drinking and irrigation water to much of the Phoenix metropolitan area. The dam and canals are part of the Salt River Project. Below the diversion dam, the bed of the Salt River is dry, except following rain or upstream runoff. The USGS stream gage at 51st Avenue, Phoenix, records no flow at all on many days—in 2009, for example, there

2940-479: The reasons people visit Tempe are places and events, such as P. F. Chang's Rock 'n' Roll Arizona Marathon & 1/2 Marathon , Tempe Marketplace, Arizona Mills, Mill Avenue, and Tempe Town Lake. The Tempe Tourism Office, located on Mill Avenue's downtown district, provides maps and additional information about hotels and upcoming city events. There are numerous properties in the city of Tempe which are considered to be historical and have been included either in

3000-408: The reservoirs is 2,910,200 acre-feet (3.5897 × 10  m ) for Roosevelt, 245,100 acre-feet (302,300,000 m ) for Apache, 57,900 acre-feet (71,400,000 m ) for Canyon, and 69,800 acre-feet (86,100,000 m ) for Saguaro. As the Salt River passes through its reservoirs, it flows by the Four Peaks Wilderness , near the Four Peaks . A few miles downstream of Stewart Mountain Dam, the last of

3060-686: The river. In an historical account, George C. Yount, a fur trapper with the Pattie expedition, wrote on 1 February 1863, "...we began to ascend the Black River [Salt River]... We found it to abound with beavers... We followed up this stream to where it forks in the mountains; that is to say, about 80 miles from its mouth." In 2022, fish kill was caused in three lakes by golden algae . There are turbidity problems along many stream reaches in Salt River's watershed; these are related to rangeland management , recreation, mining, sand and gravel operations, and other sources. High levels of fecal coliform bacteria and ammonia have been reported for Carrizo Creek and

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3120-438: The site of the Territorial Normal School, which became Arizona Normal School, Arizona State Teachers College, Arizona State College and finally Arizona State University . The Maricopa and Phoenix Railroad, built in 1887, crossed the Salt River at Tempe, linking the town to the nation's growing transportation system. The Tempe Land and Improvement Company was formed to sell lots in the booming town. Tempe became an economic hub for

3180-414: The south, and Mesa on the east. Tempe is the location of the main campus of Arizona State University . The Hohokam lived in this area and built canals to support their agriculture. They abandoned their settlements during the 15th century, with a few individuals and families remaining nearby. Fort McDowell was established approximately 25 mi (40 km) northeast of present downtown Tempe on

3240-425: The surrounding agricultural area. The Maricopa County Board of Supervisors incorporated the town of Tempe in 1894. The completion of Roosevelt Dam in 1911 guaranteed enough water to meet the growing needs of Valley farmers. On his way to dedicate the dam, former President Theodore Roosevelt applauded the accomplishments of the people of central Arizona and predicted that their towns would be prosperous cities in

3300-874: The territory of the Pima people by way of executive order signed by President Rutherford B. Hayes . A subsequent executive order also signed by President Hayes reduced the size of the Salt River portion of the reserve from approximately 680,000 acres to 46,627 acres. Today the Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community live alongside the bank of the Salt River maintaining their traditions and way of life from before European colonization. Cherry Creek to Roosevelt Lake : Paved, gravel and trail access, live bait fish (restrictions in effect), no motors allowed, primitive parking area, camping allowed, area mostly inaccessible. Below Saguaro Lake : Paved and dirt access, live bait fish, swimming, no motors allowed, parking area, tables, restrooms, camping allowed. Several camp and picnic areas, drained in winter. The above facilities are maintained by

3360-464: The upper Salt River in 1865 allowing for new towns to be built farther down the Salt River. US military service members and Hispanic workers were hired to grow food and animal feed to supply the fort, and less than a year later, had set up small camps near the river that were the first permanent communities in the Valley after the fall of the Hohokam. (Phoenix was settled shortly afterward, by 1867–68.) The two settlements were 'Hayden's Ferry', named after

3420-430: The western edge of Tempe, and the buttes within Papago Park at northwest corner of Tempe. Elevation ranges from 1,140 feet (350 m) at Tempe Town Lake to 1,495 feet (456 m) atop Hayden Butte. Tempe experiences a desert climate with a higher degree of diurnal temperature variation than neighboring Phoenix. As of the 2010 census, there were 161,719 people, 63,602 households, and 33,645 families residing in

3480-437: Was no flow for most of the year, except during parts of February and March when the river's discharge reached an average of 87 cubic feet per second (2.5 m /s). The diversion capacity at Granite Reef Diversion Dam is 3,600 cubic feet per second (100 m /s), with 2,000 cubic feet per second (57 m /s) for the Arizona Canal, and 1,600 cubic feet per second (45 m /s) for the Southern Canal. Below Granite Reef Dam,

3540-440: Was originally headquartered in Tempe and location #0001 is still in operation today at 3330 S McClintock Drive in Tempe. Tempe prides itself in assisting burgeoning businesses and has a variety of resources and programs available, such as FABRiC (Fashion and Business Resource Innovation Center) and BRiC (Business Resource and Innovation Center). Tempe is also home to the first and largest campus of Arizona State University . It

3600-402: Was the longtime host of the Fiesta Bowl (1971–2006), where it hosted multiple national championship college football games. It then began hosting the Insight Bowl in December 2006, which remained through the January 2015 playing, when it was known as the Cactus Bowl . Tempe houses several performance venues including Gammage Auditorium and the Tempe Center for the Arts . Tempe Town Lake

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