Misplaced Pages

#122877

38-608: IABP participating countries include Canada, China, France, Germany, Japan, Norway, Russia, and the United States. Together, they share the costs of the program. The IABP has deployed more than 700 buoys since it began operations in 1991, succeeding the Arctic Ocean Buoy Program (operational since 1979-01-19). Commonly, 25 to 40 buoys operate at any given time and provide real-time position, pressure, temperature, and interpolated ice velocity. In support of

76-508: A three-year timespan, which started 1 March 2007 and was formally concluded 12 June 2010 at the IPY Oslo Science Conference. However, many activities continued beyond that date. The IPY Science Program covered eleven areas: Polar atmosphere, Arctic ocean, Southern Ocean , Greenland ice sheet and Arctic glaciers , Antarctic ice sheets , Subglacial aquatic environments, Permafrost , Earth structure and geodynamics at

114-477: A wide range disciplines and more than 30 countries. This broad overview demonstrates the extensive and essential contribution made by participating nations and organizations, and provides a prospective blueprint for future polar research. A joint conference organized by SCAR and IASC under the overarching theme “Polar Research – Arctic and Antarctic perspectives in the International Polar Year”

152-759: Is position-based. Newer WMO code forms are designed for portability, extensibility and universality. These are BUFR , and, for gridded geo-positioned data, GRIB . In 2007, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a joint creation of the WMO and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), received the Nobel Peace Prize "for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about anthropogenic (man-made) climate change , and to lay

190-567: The Arctic and two in the sub- Antarctic . Six additional meteorological stations were organized by Neumayer at Moravian mission stations on the east coast of Labrador. Observations focused on meteorology, geomagnetism, auroral phenomena, ocean currents, tides, structure, and the motion of ice and atmospheric electricity. More than 40 meteorological observatories around the world expanded the IPY programs of observations for this period. Data and images from

228-828: The Great Depression , the plan of erecting a network of stations in Antarctica had to be abandoned. Also, a great amount of data generated in this year was lost due to Second World War. See International Geophysical Year The fourth IPY (2007–2008) was sponsored by the International Council for Science (ICSU) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR), an interdisciplinary body of ICSU assumed responsibility for coordinating all IPY-related Antarctic research, and

266-615: The International Arctic Science Committee (IASC), an ICSU affiliate body, promoted and helped to plan the Arctic-focused IPY research. Initial planning for the fourth IPY began in 2003 under an International Planning Group (chaired by Professor Chris Rapley and Dr Robin Bell ), and the organization and implementation of the main phase of this IPY took place in 2005–2009 with leadership from

304-732: The International Meteorological Organization , a nongovernmental organization founded in 1873 as a forum for exchanging weather data and research. Proposals to reform the status and structure of the IMO culminated in the World Meteorological Convention of 1947, which formally established the World Meteorological Organization. The Convention entered into force on 23 March 1950, and the following year

342-633: The International Polar Year , the IABP will deploy over 120 buoys, at over 80 different locations, during the period of April–August 2008. The organization's annual meeting provides discussion on instrumentation, forecasting, observations, and outlook. This Arctic -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . International Polar Year The International Polar Years ( IPY ) are collaborative, international efforts with intensive research focus on

380-674: The World Meteorological Organization (WMO), proposed and promoted the second IPY (1932–1933). Shortly after World War I , mysterious behavior in telegraph , radio and electric power and telephone lines convinced engineers and scientists of the fact that the electrical geophysics of the Earth needed more study. The availability of airplanes, motorized sea and land transport and new instruments like radiosondes enabled these phenomena to be investigated. At an international conference of directors of meteorological services in Copenhagen in 1928 it

418-459: The polar regions . Karl Weyprecht , an Austro-Hungarian naval officer, motivated the endeavor in 1875, but died before it first occurred in 1882–1883. Fifty years later (1932–1933) a second IPY took place. The International Geophysical Year was inspired by the IPY and was organized 75 years after the first IPY (1957–58). The fourth, and most recent, IPY covered two full annual cycles from March 2007 to March 2009. The First International Polar Year

SECTION 10

#1732776832123

456-462: The Earth's polar regions. An estimated 50,000 researchers, local observers, educators, students and support personnel from more than 60 countries were involved in the 228 international IPY projects (170 in scientific research, one in data management, and 57 in education and outreach ) and related national efforts. The IPY included intensive research and observation periods in the Arctic and Antarctic over

494-792: The Founding Director of APECS, established the organisations first international secretariat in Tromsø , Norway during the IPY. To provide a platform for a continued focus on the polar regions, the IPY International Programme Office organised Polar Weeks with the theme "What Happens at the Poles Affects Us All" in October 2009 and March 2010. Twice yearly polar weeks continue to this day and are organized by APECS. These weeks, coinciding with

532-558: The IPY 2012 "From Knowledge to Action" Conference Polar Educators Workshop, together with the education and outreach efforts of the International Polar Year 2007 – 2008, was the establishment of Polar Educators International (PEI), a vibrant network promoting polar education and research to a global community. This includes a formal network of professionals involved in science education focused on promoting excellence in teaching polar science. Louise Huffman , co-chair of

570-857: The IPY Education and Outreach Committee was one of the founding members. The Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) was founded during the fourth IPY. Following a meeting in Stockholm at the end of September 2007, the IPY International Youth Steering Committee (IYSC) and the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) merged under a new structure while maintaining the name ‘APECS’. The IPY International Youth Steering Committee (IYSC) had been established in 2004 by Amber Church, Tyler Kuhn, Melanie Raymond and Hugues Lantuit to represent

608-622: The United Nations. Vatican City and State of Palestine and the states with limited recognition are not members of either organization. The six WMO Member Territories are the British Caribbean Territories (joint meteorological organization and membership), French Polynesia , Hong Kong , Macau , Curaçao and Sint Maarten (joint meteorological service and membership) and New Caledonia . ( List of all members with admission dates. ) Region I consists of

646-669: The WMO began operations as an intergovernmental organization within the UN system . The WMO is made up of 193 countries and territories, and facilitates the "free and unrestricted" exchange of data, information, and research between the respective meteorological and hydrological institutions of its members. It also collaborates with nongovernmental partners and other international organizations on matters related to environmental protection , climate change , resource management, and socioeconomic development . Headquartered in Geneva , Switzerland,

684-465: The WMO for meteorological observations: As of 2023, WMO Members include a total of 187 Member States and 6 Member Territories. Ten United Nations member states are not members of WMO: Equatorial Guinea , Grenada , Liechtenstein , Marshall Islands , Palau , Saint Kitts and Nevis , Saint Vincent and the Grenadines and San Marino . Cook Islands and Niue are WMO Members but non-members of

722-615: The WMO is governed by the World Meteorological Congress, composed of member states, which meets every four years to set policies and priorities. The Congress is led by an Executive Council led by the President, currently Abdulla Al Mandous of UAE. The WMO was established by the Convention of the World Meteorological Organization, signed 11 October 1947 and ratified on 23 March 1950. The Convention serves as

760-523: The constituent treaty of the WMO, setting forth its purposes, governance, and general framework. The WMO hierarchy: The annually published WMO Statement on the status of the World Climate provides details of global, regional and national temperatures and extreme weather events. It also provides information on long-term climate change indicators including atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, sea level rise, and sea ice extent. The year 2016

798-491: The database contains 6,724 records. [REDACTED] Media related to International Polar Year (2007-2008) at Wikimedia Commons World Meteorological Organization The World Meteorological Organization ( WMO ) is a specialized agency of the United Nations responsible for promoting international cooperation on atmospheric science , climatology , hydrology and geophysics . The WMO originated from

SECTION 20

#1732776832123

836-399: The first IPY have recently been made available to browse and download on the internet. These records of the first IPY offer a rare glimpse of the circumpolar Arctic environment as it existed in the past and hold the potential to improve our understanding of historical climate variability and environmental change in the Arctic. The International Meteorological Organization, the predecessor of

874-490: The foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change." The World Meteorological Day is held annually on 23 March. WMO states that "the International System of Units (SI) should be used as the system of units for the evaluation of meteorological elements included in reports for international exchange." The following units, which include units which are not SI units, are recommended by

912-836: The four IPYs that have been undertaken so far. The IPYPD is part of the IPY Data and Information Service (IPYDIS). The IPYPD has been created by the Arctic Science and Technology Information System (ASTIS), the Cold Regions Bibliography Project (CRBP), the Scott Polar Research Institute (SPRI) Library, the Discovery and Access of Historic Literature of the IPYs (DAHLI) project and NISC Export Services (NES). As of February 2016,

950-526: The fourth IPY. The conference aim was to celebrate and publish early results from the International Polar Year 2007–2008 (IPY) and enable direct interaction among all IPY science cluster projects. There were over 2000 participants from over 60 countries. Building on the previous IPY Science Conference in Oslo, the IPY steering committee organized a science conference (22–27 April 2012) in Montréal , Canada, with

988-533: The needs of the youth during the fourth IPY, and the Association of Polar Early Career Scientists (APECS) had been established in 2006 to represent the needs and challenges faced by (post-)graduate students, post-docs, junior faculty, and research associates involved in polar research. APECS aims to stimulate interdisciplinary and international research collaborations, provide opportunities for professional career development and develop effective future leaders in polar research, education and outreach. Jenny Baeseman , as

1026-516: The newly established ICSU-WMO Joint Committee (co-chaired by Dr Michel Béland and Dr Ian Allison, who was later replaced as co-chair by Prof. Jerónimo López-Martínez), its subcommittees and the International Programme Office (led by Dr David Carlson). The fourth IPY comprised an intense, coordinated field campaign of observations, research, and analysis. It was the largest, most comprehensive campaign ever mounted to explore

1064-673: The polar equinoxes, are filled with outreach activities and events designed to engage school children and the wider public in polar science. Planning has begun for a fifth International Polar Year in 2032/33 following an agreement between the International Arctic Science Committee (IASC) and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). The International Polar Year Publications Database (IPYPD) attempts to identify and describe all publications that result from, or are about, any of

1102-624: The poles, Polar terrestrial ecology and biodiversity, Polar societies and social processes and Human health. In 2011 the ICSU/WMO Joint Committee for the IPY published a comprehensive summary of IPY activities entitled "Understanding Earth's Polar Challenges: International Polar Year 2007–2008". The report covers the development of IPY 2007–2008 for almost a decade, from 2001 to 2010. It comprises 38 chapters in five parts (Planning, Research, Observations, Outreach, and Legacies) and brings together hundreds of contributing authors from

1140-510: The same year enabling multiple views of the same phenomena, allowing broader interpretation of the available data and validation of the results obtained. It took seven years to organize the first IPY which had eleven participating nations: the Austro-Hungarian Empire , Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom, and United States. The aforementioned countries operated 12 stations in

1178-410: The second IPY, which heralded advances in meteorology, magnetism, atmospheric science, and in the "mapping" of ionospheric phenomena that advanced radio science and technology. 27 observation stations were established in the Arctic, a vast amount of data was collected and a world data center was created under the organization that eventually came to be called the World Meteorological Organization . Due to

International Arctic Buoy Program - Misplaced Pages Continue

1216-574: The states of North America , Central America , and the Caribbean , including three European states with dependencies within the region. It has a total of 25 member states and 2 member territories. The member states are: The two member territories are: Non-members Region V consists of 23 member states and 2 member territories. The member states are: The Cook Islands and Niue (both are in free association with New Zealand) The member territories are: Non-members Region VI consists consist of all

1254-450: The states of Africa and a few former colonial powers. Region I has 57 member states and no member territories: Non-member Region II has 33 member states and 2 member territories. The member states are: The member territories are: Region III consists of the states of South America , including France as French Guiana is an overseas region of France. It has a total of 13 member states and no member territories: Region IV consists of

1292-524: The theme ‘From knowledge to action’. This conference examined the global impact and implications of International Polar Year activities. The aim of the IPY Science Conference in 2012 was to help shape stewardship, sustainable development and environmental protection goals for the strategic and highly valued polar regions. In total the IPY 2012 conference received 2134 abstracts with contributions from over 45 countries. An important legacy of

1330-544: Was decided to undertake another intensive and coordinated international research effort focused on the polar regions during 1932–1933, the 50th anniversary of the First International Polar Year. It was also proposed to explicitly include in the plan for the second IPY the goal to investigate how observations in the polar regions could improve the accuracy of weather forecasts and the safety of air and sea transport. Forty-four countries participated in

1368-579: Was held 8–11 July 2008 in St. Petersburg , Russia, and brought together Arctic and Antarctic researchers as part of the fourth IPY. The four-day meeting comprised 29 sessions with over 1400 attendees, 550 oral presentations and 670 posters. The IPY Science Conference was held 8–12 June in Oslo , Norway and was organized by the WMO, ICSU, IASC and the Research Council of Norway and marked the official end of

1406-489: Was proposed by an Austro-Hungarian naval officer, Karl Weyprecht , in 1875 and organized by Georg Neumayer , director of the German Maritime Observatory. Rather than settling for traditional individual and national efforts, they pushed for a coordinated scientific approach to researching Arctic phenomena. Observers made coordinated geophysical measurements at multiple locations in the Arctic during

1444-527: Was the hottest year on record, with many weather and climate extremes, according to the most recent WMO report. As of August 2023, the WMO has a membership of 193 member states and territories. In keeping with its mandate to promote the standardization of meteorological observations, the WMO maintains numerous code forms for the representation and exchange of meteorological, oceanographical, and hydrological data. The traditional code forms, such as SYNOP , CLIMAT and TEMP , are character-based and their coding

#122877