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49-607: Richard Schweiker 's 1972 testimony in the US Congressional record includes a transcript of a segment that aired January 28, 1972, on the NBC Chronolog program concerning lead poisoning . The ILZRO wrote a memo refuting information presented in that show. The LIA unsuccessfully attempted to make Ronald G. Stevens of Long Island Film Studios remove statements about lead in gasoline and from industrial pollution affecting children regardless of socioeconomic status from

98-632: A 10-minute film titled Lead Poisoning, The Hidden Epidemic that won a 1972 Silver Medal from the New York Film Festival . This article about an organization in the United States is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Richard Schweiker Richard Schultz Schweiker (June 1, 1926 – July 31, 2015) was an American businessman and politician. A member of the Republican Party , he served as

147-611: A member of the Phi Kappa Sigma . He then joined his family's business, American Olean Tile Company, rising from an assistant in the personnel department to the company's president within a few years. He also became active in local Republican politics, serving as a precinct committeeman, and founded the Montgomery County chapter of the Young Republicans , of which he was president from 1952 to 1954. He

196-416: A movement to draft Conservative Party U.S. Senator James L. Buckley of New York as the G.O.P. nominee. Ford won the nomination on the first ballot by a razor-thin margin and selected Bob Dole for vice president. Reagan's naming him as his running mate came as a surprise to Schweiker, as the two did not know each other. Schweiker subsequently adopted a much more conservative voting record; his rating from

245-565: A predominantly Black community to the present day. Today, the Main Line is another name for the western suburbs of Philadelphia along Lancaster Avenue (U.S. Route 30) and the former main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad and extending from the city limits to, traditionally, Bryn Mawr and ultimately Paoli , an area of about 200 square miles (520 km ). The upper- and upper middle-class enclave has historically been one of

294-579: A prototype for legislatively constructing a research effort across all National Institutes of Health operations and the Centers for Disease Control . Some who worked with Schweiker or benefited from his initiative called him the "Patron Saint of the Pancreas" for his devotion to the cause. From 1983 to 1994, Schweiker served as president of the American Council of Life Insurance, now known as

343-498: A two-person subcommittee to look into the "performance or non-performance" of intelligence agencies during the initial investigation of the assassination. In October 1975, Schweiker said at a press conference that the subcommittee had developed "significant leads" and was investigating three conspiracy theories , adding, "I think the Warren Commission is like a house of cards. It's going to collapse." In its final report,

392-653: Is a community that became predominantly Black in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As of the 1920 census , most of the Black residents in the Mount Pleasant region, or their parents, had come from the South . Many of the men in this neighborhood, along Henry Avenue and Mount Pleasant Avenue, were employed by the railroad, as quarry workers, or as chauffeurs and gardeners by private families. The occupations often given for women were cooks and laundresses. This remains

441-637: Is still in service, although its route is slightly different from the original. It also serves the Paoli/Thorndale Line of the SEPTA Regional Rail system. It was not only extremely wealthy people on the Main Line in the period 1880–1920. Wealthy households required large numbers of servants in order to maintain their lifestyle. Often these servants were Black migrants from the South and recent immigrants from Europe. For example, in

490-464: The 1976 Republican National Convention , Reagan attempted to attract moderate delegates by promising to name Schweiker, who had a moderate voting record in the Senate, as his running mate. This was unusual because the tradition was for a nominee to name a running mate only after winning the nomination. In response, conservative Republicans, including U.S. Senator Jesse Helms of North Carolina, encouraged

539-856: The American Council of Life Insurers . He lived McLean, Virginia , for many years. At the time of his death, he lived with one of his daughters in Herndon, Virginia . He also owned a home in Ocean City, New Jersey . On July 31, 2015, Schweiker died of complications from an infection at the AtlantiCare Regional Medical Center in Pomona, New Jersey . Philadelphia Main Line The Philadelphia Main Line , known simply as

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588-614: The Main Line , is an informally delineated historical and social region of suburban Philadelphia , Pennsylvania. Lying along the former Pennsylvania Railroad 's once prestigious Main Line , it runs northwest from Center City Philadelphia parallel to Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike , also known as U.S. Route 30 . The railroad first connected the Main Line towns in the 19th century. They became home to sprawling country estates belonging to Philadelphia's wealthiest families, and over

637-830: The Paoli/Thorndale Line which shares the former Pennsylvania Railroad four track Keystone Corridor grade with Amtrak, and the Manayunk/Norristown Line which operates over the former Reading Railroad Norristown grade. The light rail Norristown High Speed Line runs over the Philadelphia and Western Railroad line between 69th Street Transportation Center in Upper Darby and Norristown Transportation Center in Norristown . Amtrak's intercity Keystone Service (New York City to Harrisburg) and Pennsylvanian (New York City to Pittsburgh) also serve

686-916: The Schuylkill Expressway ( I-76 ) which connects it to Philadelphia, and the Blue Route ( I-476 ) which runs north to south connecting the region with the Northeast Extension and the Pennsylvania Turnpike to the north, and to Philadelphia International Airport and I-95 to the south. Along the northern edge of the Main Line, US 202 runs from the Schuylkill Expressway in a southwesterly direction, crossing US 30 in Frazer . SEPTA also commissions suburban buses on Routes 105 and 106 to run from

735-408: The U.S. Navy aboard the aircraft carrier USS  Tarawa  (CV-40) , being discharged with the rank of electronics technician (second class) in 1946. Following his military service, Schweiker attended Slippery Rock State College for two years before transferring to Pennsylvania State University . He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology from Penn State in 1950, graduating as

784-661: The United States government's intelligence agencies . The "Church Committee" found that allegations of CIA plots to assassinate Cuban Premier Fidel Castro during John F. Kennedy 's presidency went unreported to the Warren Commission even though CIA director Allen Dulles was a member of the Commission. These findings led Schweiker to call for a reinvestigation of Kennedy's assassination . Church appointed Schweiker and Colorado Senator Gary Hart to be

833-593: The Voting Rights Act of 1965 . He also supported the creation of Medicare , increases in Social Security , and federal rent subsidies. He considered running for governor of Pennsylvania in 1966, but state Republican leaders persuaded him not to in favor of then-Lieutenant Governor Raymond P. Shafer . In 1968, Schweiker was elected to the U.S. Senate , defeating two-term Democratic incumbent Joseph S. Clark, Jr. , by more than 280,000 votes. He

882-447: The 14th U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services under President Ronald Reagan from 1981 to 1983. He previously served as a U.S. Representative (1961–1969) and a U.S. Senator (1969–1981) from Pennsylvania . In 1976, Schweiker was Reagan's running mate during his unsuccessful presidential campaign . He was not related to Pennsylvania governor Mark Schweiker . Schweiker was born in Norristown, Pennsylvania , on June 1, 1926,

931-553: The 1600s, after William Penn sold a tract of land, called the Welsh Tract , to a group of Welsh Quakers in London in 1681. This accounts for the many Welsh place names in the area. However, what might be termed the "Celtification" of many Main Line place and street names occurred long after colonial times. So, for instance, as a marketing device to attract wealthy new residents, the area once awkwardly named Athensville became

980-586: The 1900 census, Tredyffrin Township was 13.5% Black; another 15% had been born in Europe. The two largest countries of origin were Italy and Ireland. The corresponding figures for Lower Merion Township were 6% Black and 15% born in Europe; almost 11% were from Ireland. Another dimension of this story is illustrated by the community of Mount Pleasant, in Tredyffrin Township just north of Wayne. This

1029-416: The 20th century, either in between the core towns or nearby them, including: These communities are primarily residential and consist of larger lot sizes than in the nine core towns. All of them, except Gladwyne, are on the railroad and have their own station stop. There is no collective data for the Main Line, so all data is by ZIP Code . The median family income on the Main Line is $ 192,630. In comparison,

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1078-539: The 69th Street Transportation Center in Upper Darby to Rosemont (Route 105) and Paoli (Route 106). These buses run almost entirely along Lancaster Avenue. SEPTA also offers light rail service through the Norristown High Speed Line . The Norristown High Speed Line runs along the Main Line from Upper Darby to Ithan Avenue Station and Villanova Station before making a northward turn at

1127-549: The Church Committee called the initial investigation deficient and criticized the response of CIA and FBI , but stated that it had "not uncovered any evidence sufficient to justify a conclusion that there was a conspiracy to assassinate President Kennedy." On May 14, 1976, Schweiker told CBS Morning News that he believed the CIA and FBI had lied to the Warren Commission. On June 27, 1976, he appeared on CBS 's Face

1176-515: The Nation and said that the Commission made a "fatal mistake" by relying on the CIA and FBI instead of its own investigators. Schweiker also said that he felt it was possible that the White House was involved in a cover-up. In 1976, Ronald Reagan made a serious challenge against President Gerald Ford in the 1976 Republican Party presidential primaries . Immediately before the opening of

1225-646: The National Diabetes Mellitus Research and Education Act. This legislation, passed by Congress in 1974, established the National Commission on Diabetes to create a long-term plan to fight the disease. Schweiker was reelected in 1974, defeating his Democratic opponent, Pittsburgh mayor Peter F. Flaherty , in a year when many Republican incumbents lost due to political fallout from the Watergate scandal . He won 53% of

1274-483: The Senate health subcommittee, Schweiker worked on legislation to combat diabetes , cancer , heart disease , sickle cell anemia , and lead paint poisoning . He focused heavily on diabetes and authored bills creating the National Commission on Diabetes Advisory Board, pushing for passage of the National Diabetes Act in 1972. Those efforts led to increased federal funding for diabetes programs and were

1323-544: The area into greater Philadelphia's most affluent and fashionable region. Estates with sweeping lawns and towering maples, the débutante balls and the Merion Cricket Club , which drew crowds of 25,000 spectators to its matches in the early 1900s, were the setting for the 1940 Grant / Hepburn / Stewart motion picture The Philadelphia Story . The railroad placed stops about two minutes apart, starting with Overbrook. The surrounding communities became known by

1372-458: The bastions of " old money " in the Northeast, along with places like Long Island's North Shore (AKA: "Gold Coast"); Westchester County, New York ; Middlesex County, Massachusetts ; and Fairfield County, Connecticut . Neighborhoods along the Main Line include nineteenth and early twentieth-century railroad suburbs and post-war subdivisions, as well as a few surviving buildings from before

1421-490: The decades became a bastion of " old money ". The Main Line includes some of the wealthiest communities in the country, including Gladwyne , Villanova , Radnor , Haverford , and Merion . Today, the railroad is Amtrak 's Keystone Corridor , along which SEPTA 's Paoli/Thorndale Line operates. The Main Line region was long part of Lenapehoking , the homeland of the matrilineal Lenape Native Americans (the "true people", or "Delaware Indians"). Europeans arrived in

1470-443: The famous Manayunk Bridge . Broad Street Station was replaced with Suburban Station in 1930, and 30th Street Station replaced 32nd Street three years later. Suburban service now extends west of the Main Line to the communities of Exton, Whitford, Downingtown, and Thorndale. The railroad line then continued on to Chicago , with major stations at Lancaster , Harrisburg and Pittsburgh . The railroad, since taken over by Amtrak ,

1519-611: The first Bryn Mawr Hotel, were designed by Wilson Brothers & Company . A branch line of the Main Line (currently known as SEPTA's Cynwyd Line ) extended to the communities now known as Bala and Cynwyd (via Wynnefield Station in Philadelphia), then proceeded to the West Laurel Hill Cemetery , where there was once a station, and crossed back into Philadelphia over the Schuylkill River via

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1568-577: The idea. During his tenure in public service, Schweiker was an ardent supporter of a volunteer army . He coauthored the book How to End the Draft , eventually used as the blueprint for shifting the country to a fully volunteer army. He also pushed for the Schweiker Act of 1965, which gave cash awards to military personnel who suggested money-saving ideas, ultimately resulting in savings of more than $ 1 billion to taxpayers. As ranking Republican on

1617-512: The junction of Lancaster Avenue and the Blue Route toward Norristown . Private clubs played an important role in the development of the Main Line, offering social gathering places and facilities for cricket, golf, tennis, squash, and horseback riding to wealthy or socially connected families. Among them are: Other recent social clubs have become an important part of the Main Line Community such as: The school districts that serve

1666-468: The liberal group Americans for Democratic Action dropped to 15% in 1977. In 1980, Schweiker announced he would not seek reelection to the Senate. Reagan won the presidential nomination in 1980 but chose George H. W. Bush , not Schweiker, as his running mate, and won the election. Schweiker accepted President Reagan's appointment as U.S. Secretary of Health and Human Services in January 1981. He held

1715-422: The median family income for the state of Pennsylvania is $ 87,500. The following ZIP codes are those within the previously mentioned municipalities that make up the Main Line. All data are from the 2022 American Communities Survey. The Main Line is served by numerous modes of transportation among which are three commuter rail lines operated by SEPTA . Connecting the region directly with Center City Philadelphia are

1764-492: The more culturally glamorous Ardmore ( Ardmore is a place name found in Ireland and Scotland) in 1873. The Pennsylvania Railroad built its main line during the early 19th century as part of the Main Line of Public Works that spanned Pennsylvania. Later in the century, the railroad, which owned much of the land surrounding the tracks, encouraged the development of this picturesque environment by building way stations along

1813-457: The portion of its track closest to Philadelphia. The benefits of what was touted as "healthy yet cultivated country living" attracted Philadelphia's social elite , many of whom had one house in the city and another larger "country home" on the Main Line. In the 20th century, many wealthy Philadelphia families moved to the Main Line suburbs. Part of the national trend of suburbanization, this drove rapid investment, prosperity, and growth that turned

1862-545: The post until he resigned in February 1983. During his tenure, he worked with Reagan and House Speaker Tip O'Neill to reform Social Security , put greater emphasis on preventive medicine , reduce Medicare and food stamp grants to the states, and restrict welfare eligibility. He proposed reducing Social Security benefits to recipients who retired before age 65, but both Democrats and Republicans in Congress rejected

1911-595: The railroad station names which started at Broad Street Station in Center City Philadelphia and went on to 32nd Street Station, replaced by 30th Street Station in 1933, the 52nd Street Station (decommissioned), and then the Main Line stations: Overbrook , Merion , Narberth , Wynnewood , Ardmore , Haverford , Bryn Mawr , Rosemont , Villanova , Radnor , St. Davids , Wayne , Strafford , Devon , Berwyn , Daylesford , Paoli , and Malvern . At least five of these station buildings, along with

1960-549: The railroad's construction. As early as 1887, Bala and Cynwyd were also included in atlases of the Pennsylvania Railroad in Lower Merion Township and Montgomery County. By 1908, one of the first atlases to refer specifically to the "Main Line" as a socio-cultural entity includes: The following towns are often grouped with the core Main Line: Beyond these nine communities, many others have grown in

2009-404: The region with stops at the jointly operated Amtrak/SEPTA stations at Ardmore and Paoli . The main thoroughfare through the Main Line is U.S. Route 30 which follows Lancaster Avenue (formerly the Philadelphia and Lancaster Turnpike ) running east to west and serves as the backbone of the region by connecting a large majority of its towns and municipalities. Other highways serving the area are

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2058-497: The son of Malcolm Alderfer Schweiker Sr. and his wife, the former Blanche R. Schultz. His father and his uncle worked in the tiling business for several decades. He was born into a family of Schwenckfelders and was a member of the church himself. Schweiker received his early education at public schools in Worcester , and graduated from Norristown Area High School as valedictorian in 1944. During World War II , he served in

2107-633: The suburban development era. The area today is known primarily for several educational institutions as well as robust suburban life. The original Main Line towns are widely considered to follow the acronym "Old Maids Never Wed And Have Babies." From Philadelphia , they are: These seven towns are characterized as one of the primary bastions of old money in Southeastern Pennsylvania. They are comparably more dense than other suburbs and have lively, walkable downtowns. All of these communities were established along Lancaster Avenue prior to

2156-612: The time, the Montgomery County-based district included Schweiker's home town of Norristown and several affluent suburban communities in the Philadelphia Main Line . A moderate to liberal Republican, he defeated conservative incumbent John A. Lafore, Jr. , in the Republican primary. In the general election, he defeated Democrat Warren Ballard, a law professor at Temple University , 62%–38%. He

2205-585: The vote, the highest of any senator from Pennsylvania since 1946 at the time. He was the first Republican senator ever endorsed by the Pennsylvania AFL–CIO , and received 49% of the vote in heavily Democratic Philadelphia. From 1975 to 1976, Schweiker was a member of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities , headed by Idaho Senator Frank Church , investigating illegal domestic activities of

2254-561: Was a co-sponsor of Ted Kennedy's Health Security Act, a bill proposing universal health coverage in America through a government-run program. During his tenure in the Senate, Schweiker served as the ranking member on both the Labor and Human Resources Committee and the Labor, Health, and Human Services Appropriations Subcommittee . He was a pioneer in increasing government spending on diabetes mellitus research, authoring and sponsoring of

2303-699: Was elected to three more terms, never receiving less than 59% of the vote. During his tenure in the House, Schweiker served on the Armed Services Committee and the Government Operations Committee . He sponsored legislation, signed into law in 1965, that provided cash awards to United States Armed Forces personnel for cost-cutting ideas. Schweiker voted for the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968 and

2352-530: Was selected as an alternate delegate to the Republican National Convention in 1952 and in 1956 . On September 10, 1955, Schweiker married Claire Joan Coleman, a former host of the children's television show Romper Room , in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1954–1956). They had two sons and three daughters. In 1960, Schweiker was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania's 13th congressional district . At

2401-708: Was the only successful Republican statewide candidate in an election that saw Hubert Humphrey win Pennsylvania by over 170,000 votes. Continuing his progressive reputation in the Senate, Schweiker opposed the Vietnam War and President Richard Nixon 's nominations of Clement Haynsworth and G. Harrold Carswell to the U.S. Supreme Court , and had an 89% rating from the liberal Americans for Democratic Action . He also supported school prayer and opposed stronger widespread gun control. In 1975, alongside fellow Republicans Clifford Case and Jacob Javits , Schweiker

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