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36-599: The International Paper Company is an American pulp and paper company , the largest such company in the world. It has approximately 39,000 employees, and is headquartered in Memphis , Tennessee . The company was incorporated January 31, 1898, upon the merger of 17 pulp and paper mills in the northeastern United States. Its founders and first two presidents were William Augustus Russell , who died suddenly in January 1899, and Hugh J. Chisholm . Philip Tell Dodge, president of

72-673: A kraft paper mill in Roanoke Rapids , North Carolina and a dunnage bag plant in Fordyce , Arkansas ) was sold to Kapstone Paper and Packaging and operates as Kapstone Kraft Paper. The beverage packaging business, now called Evergreen Packaging, was purchased by Carter Holt Harvey , following the purchase of CHH by Graeme Hart . The company sold its wood products division to West Fraser Timber , based in Vancouver , British Columbia . This included 13 sawmills , making West Fraser

108-566: A protective measure. Asbestos insulation was also used on pipes and boilers throughout International Paper plants. This material intended to protect people turned out to severely damage their health The producers did not reveal that their asbestos products were dangerous, even though asbestos was known to cause illnesses as far back as the 1920s. Consequently, many former employees of International Paper have been diagnosed with mesothelioma following decades of service. The book Betrayal of Local 14: Paperworkers, Politics, and Permanent Replacements

144-719: A significant amount of water and energy and produces wastewater with a high concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD), among other contaminants. Recent studies underline coagulation as an appropriate pre-treatment of pulp and paper industrial wastewater and as a cost-effective solution for the removal of COD and the reduction of pressures on the aquatic environment. The industry is dominated by North American ( United States and Canada ), northern European ( Finland , Sweden , and North-West Russia ) and East Asian countries (such as East Siberian Russia, China , Japan , and South Korea ). Australasia and Brazil also have significant pulp and paper enterprises. The industry also has

180-569: A significant presence in a number of European countries including Germany, Portugal, Italy, the Netherlands and Poland. The United States had been the world's leading producer of paper until it was overtaken by China in 2009. According to data from Statista, China produced 110 million metric tons in 2018 followed by the US with 72 million. According to statistic data by RISI , main producing countries of paper and paperboard, not including pulp, in

216-556: A stylized monogram, composed of green elements forming the two letters. Each of the elements features a straight top line and a rounded bottom. The dark green emblem is placed on the left from the two-leveled title case inscription in a modern sans-serif typeface, in black. International Paper owns Tower I (at 6400 Poplar) and occupies the entire property and leases 50,000 square feet in Tower II (at 6410 Poplar) and all of Tower III (at 6420 Poplar). In 2000, International Place Tower III

252-407: A total production capacity of 240,000 TPD (Tons Per Day). In 2012, International Paper acquired Temple-Inland in a deal valued at $ 4.5 billion. Temple-Inland then became a wholly owned subsidiary of International Paper. At the time of sale, Temple-Inland's corrugated packaging operation consisted of 7 mills and 59 converting facilities as well as the building products operation. In 2005 and 2006,

288-518: Is paper or paperboard (cardboard) produced from chemical pulp produced in the kraft process . Sack kraft paper (or just sack paper ) is a porous kraft paper with high elasticity and high tear resistance, designed for packaging products with high demands for strength and durability. Pulp produced by the kraft process is stronger than that made by other pulping processes ; acidic sulfite processes degrade cellulose more, leading to weaker fibers, and mechanical pulping processes leave most of

324-557: Is attested as early as the 6th century. Due to advances in printing technology, the Chinese paper industry continued to grow under the Song dynasty to meet the rising demand for printed books. Demand for paper was also stimulated by the Song government, which needed a large supply of paper for printing paper money and exchange certificates. An example of an enterprising paper mill during

360-424: Is made from softwood by the kraft process . The long fibers provide the paper its strength and wet strength chemicals are added to even further improve the strength. Both white and brown grades are made. Sack paper is then produced on a paper machine from the wood pulp. The paper is microcrepped to give porosity and elasticity. Microcrepping is done by drying with loose draws allowing it to shrink. This causes

396-545: Is used to make high quality paper where strength, whiteness, and resistance to yellowing are important. Kraft paper, and the kraft process used to produce it, are named from the German word kraft , meaning strength, in reference to its mechanical properties. This shares an origin with the English word "craft", leading to linguistic confusion with paper intended for artistic uses and paper craft . Wood pulp for sack paper

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432-885: The French paper manufacturer Aussedat Rey. In 1996, it purchased Federal Paper Board. In 1999, the company purchased Union Camp Corporation , and in June 2000 Champion International . Additionally, it owned shares in the Chilean company Copec . Andhra Pradesh Paper Mills Rajahmundry (APPM), which is now an International Paper company, is one of the biggest integrated paper and pulp manufacturing centers in India . The company produces writing, printing, and copier papers and paper boards for foreign and domestic markets. APPM's production facilities are two mills in Rajahmundry and Kadiam with

468-717: The Mergenthaler Linotype Company , served as its chairman for 11 years. The invention of the Linotype dramatically increased the size of newspapers and the need for newsprint . The newly formed company supplied 60 percent of all newsprint in the country. The Hudson River Mill in Corinth , New York , where the Sacandaga River joins the Hudson River , was a pioneer in the development of

504-670: The Natural Resources Defense Council for unsustainable deforestation and clearcutting of old-growth forest . The industry trend is to expand globally to countries like Russia , China and Indonesia with low wages and low environmental oversight. According to Greenpeace , farmers in Central America illegally rip up vast tracts of native forest for cattle and soybean production without any consequences, and companies who buy timber from private land owners contribute to massive deforestation of

540-444: The lignin with the fibers, whereas kraft pulping removes most of the lignin present originally in the wood. Low lignin is important to the resulting strength of the paper, as the hydrophobic nature of lignin interferes with the formation of the hydrogen bonds between cellulose (and hemicellulose ) in the fibers. Kraft pulp is darker than other wood pulps, but it can be bleached to make very white pulp. Fully bleached kraft pulp

576-637: The pulp from wood rather than grasses underwent some major industrial-era upgrades, as first the soda pulping process and then the Kraft process helped reduce the unit cost of paper manufacture. This made paper newly abundant, and along with continual advancements in printing press technologies, as well as in transport technologies (for distribution), during these same centuries, led to greatly increased sales and circulation of newspapers, other periodicals, and books of every kind. The pulp and paper industry has been criticized by environmental groups like

612-559: The Amazon Rainforest . On the other hand, the situation is quite different where forest growth has been on the increase for a number of years. It is estimated for instance that since 1990 forests have grown in Europe by 17 million hectares, which has been supported through the practice of sustainable forest management by the industry. In Sweden, for every tree that is felled, two are planted. The pulp and paper industry consumes

648-570: The Memphis building code in 1994 made the initial design unable to move forward. Therefore, architects had to completely change the original structural design in order to adhere to the strict exterior dimensions needed to utilize the existing granite and to match the existing towers. In 2012, it was announced that International Paper was building a $ 90.2 million, 235,000-square-foot tower at 6430 Poplar Ave. in East Memphis. In addition to

684-687: The acquisition of Weyerhaeuser's cellulose fiber division. The acquisition was completed on Dec 1, 2016. On Oct 1, 2021 a spin-off was completed creating a stand alone company by the name of Sylvamo. Sylvamo's headquarters are also located in Memphis TN. Divested were the Printing & Communications (White Uncoated Freesheet) mills in Ticonderoga NY, Eastover SC, Mogi Guacu Brazil, Luiz Antonio Brazil, Tres Lagoas Brazil, Saillat France, and Svetogorsk Russia. Pulp and paper industry In

720-468: The company announced it was buying the containerboard unit of Weyerhaeuser for $ 6 billion in cash. In October 2007, it formed a joint venture with Ilim Holding, Ilim Group, the alliance in the Russian forest sector. On July 1, 2014, the company announced the completion of the xpedx spinoff which merged with Unisource, creating an independent company, Veritiv Corporation. On May 2, 2016, it announced

756-538: The company undertook a significant restructuring, selling over 6,000,000 acres (24,000 km) of forestland in the U.S., along with its coated paper, kraft paper , wood products, and beverage packaging businesses, as well as subsidiaries Arizona Chemical and New Zealand-based Carter Holt Harvey . The coated paper business (four mills in Maine , Michigan and Minnesota ) were sold to Apollo Management and now operate as Verso Paper . The kraft paper business (composed of

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792-512: The fast-food giants McDonald's , Wendy's , Subway , but its consumer packaging division was sold to Graphic Packaging on January 2, 2018. Its wood products division was sold in 2007 to West Fraser Timber Co. Ltd., a company headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia. The company produces printer and copier paper, envelopes , corrugated packaging and pulp . The company is a former Dow Jones Industrial Average component, included in

828-400: The four office towers at International Place, the company operates an airport hangar facility (at 2522 Winchester Road) and a Southwind data center at (3232 Players Club Parkway). Other company related facilities include a recycling center on South Third and two warehouse operations across Memphis. The company used to be the largest producer of plastic lids and paper cups , manufacturing for

864-487: The index from July 3, 1956, to April 7, 2004. It was one of three components to be dropped in the 2004 change, together with AT&T Corporation and Eastman Kodak . Beginning February 1, 2007, the sale of the beverage-packaging division was completed as New Zealand billionaire Graeme Hart won the bid with purchase price of nearly $ 800 million. The division now operates under the Evergreen label. On March 17, 2008,

900-486: The late phase of the preindustrial era is the mill by William Rittenhouse and sons at what is now preserved as Historic RittenhouseTown in Pennsylvania. The first mechanised paper machine was installed at Frogmore Paper Mill , Apsley, Hertfordshire in 1803, followed by another in 1804. The site operates currently as a museum. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the paper chemical technologies for making

936-408: The letters "I" and "P" which formed a stylized arrow also resembling a tree surrounded by a circle. A primary constraint in the design process was the need for a logo simple enough that it could be stenciled onto trees and lumber intended for paper production. On March 7, 2023, the company announced a rebrand to coincide with the company's 125th anniversary. The rebrand included a new logo which features

972-439: The manufacturing process, pulp is introduced into a paper machine where it is shaped into a paper web and water is extracted through pressing and drying stages. Pressing involves removing water from the sheet by applying force. This process employs a specialized type of felt, distinct from traditional felt, to absorb the water. In contrast, hand-made paper uses a blotter sheet for this purpose. Drying involves eliminating water from

1008-577: The modern paper industry in the late 19th century. The first wood-based newsprint paper mill in New York, it was built by Albrecht Pagenstecher in 1869. In the early 20th century, the Hudson River Mill was one of the company's largest plants and served both as its principal office, and a place where paper workers helped shape the direction of the industry's early labor movement. After World War II , Hudson River Mill workers developed

1044-571: The paper sheets through air or heat. Historically, this was achieved by hanging the sheets to dry, similar to laundry. In modern papermaking, various heated drying mechanisms are employed, with the steam-heated can dryer being the most prevalent on paper machines. Papermaking as a craft is ancient, and for centuries it used various fibers, mainly grasses (cereal straws and others), or rags from old clothing made from them, in various preindustrial times and places. The commercial planting of domesticated mulberry trees to make pulp for papermaking

1080-531: The paper to elongate 4% in the machine direction and 10% in the cross direction without breaking. Machine direction elongation can be further improved by pressing between very elastic cylinders causing more microcrepping. The paper may be coated with polyethylene (PE) to ensure an effective barrier against moisture , grease and bacteria , although recyclability is hindered. Zein coatings are also water resistant but allow better recyclability. A paper sack can be made of several layers of sack paper depending on

1116-508: The production of coated paper for the company. Shifting economic forces resulted in the mill's closure in November 2002. The historic mill was slated for partial demolition during 2011. The work including asbestos removal was completed by Northstar Group Services. Given the nature of their products, paper plants are highly flammable. Therefore, International Paper Company frequently used asbestos insulation in its walls, floors, and roofs as

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1152-532: The second-largest producer of lumber in North America, after Weyerhaeuser Company . Under pressure from budget sequestration in 2013 , the federal government of the United States (IP's largest customer) moved from physical checks to cheaper electronic transactions. The company's former logo was designed by American graphic designers Lester Beall and Richard Rogers in 1960. The logo featured

1188-521: The toughness needed. Kraft paper is produced on paper machines with moderate machine speeds. The raw material is normally softwood pulp from the kraft process. Maintaining a high effective sulfur ratio or sulfidity is important for the highest possible strength using the kraft process. The kraft process can use a wider range of fiber sources than most other pulping processes. All types of wood, including very resinous types like southern pine , and non-wood species like bamboo and kenaf can be used in

1224-430: The world are as follows: The world's main paper and paperboard company groups are as follows. (Some figures are estimates.): In 2008, the top 10 forest, paper and packaging products companies were, according to a report by PricewaterhouseCoopers : Leading manufacturers of capital equipment with over $ 1 billion in annual revenue for the pulp and paper industry include: Kraft paper Kraft paper or kraft

1260-402: Was designed and rests amid the two existing towers and courtyard. The Crump Firm designed the eleven-story, 234,000 square foot tower to include offices, conference rooms, training rooms and dining facilities. The exterior granite was bought and warehoused in the mid-1980s with the intent that its construction would mimic that of the earlier towers. However, inclusion of seismic criteria to

1296-756: Was written about the strike at the Androscoggin Mill. The book was written by Julius Gerson Getman, who was an attorney representing the striking paperworkers. In 1986, the company acquired the Hammermill Paper Company , founded in 1898, which managed eleven papermills nationwide, and had its corporate offices based in Erie, PA; in 1988, the Masonite Corporation; and in 1989, the German paper company Zanders Feinpapiere AG and

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