72-482: The Interscholastic Equestrian Association ( IEA ) is a nonprofit organization that gives youth in grades 4-12 the opportunity to compete in team and individual equestrian competition without the financial outlay of owning a horse. IEA offers competition across three disciplines: hunt seat , western , and dressage . Within each discipline, there are divisions for beginning through advanced riders. Riders compete on horses unfamiliar to them, and there are regulations for
144-492: A wage or salary ). Amateur participation in sport at lower levels is often called "grassroots sport". The popularity of spectator sport as a recreation for non-participants has led to sport becoming a major business in its own right, and this has incentivised a high paying professional sport culture, where high performing participants are rewarded with pay far in excess of average wages, which can run into millions of dollars. Some sports, or individual competitions within
216-717: A ball has crossed the goal line or not. The technology is not compulsory, but was used in the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, and the 2015 FIFA Women's World Cup in Canada, as well as in the Premier League from 2013–14 , and the Bundesliga from 2015–16 . In the NFL , a referee can ask for a review from the replay booth, or a head coach can issue a challenge to review the play using replays. The final decision rests with
288-3509: A bow and arrow while riding from horseback Mounted games – Equestrian event consisting of speed racing and timed games for riders on horses Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Tent pegging – Equestrian sport References [ edit ] v t e Equestrian sports Main articles: Equestrianism Equitation FEI disciplines, Olympic Dressage Eventing Show jumping FEI disciplines, non-Olympic Combined driving Endurance Horseball Reining Tent pegging Vaulting Para-equestrian Horse racing Flat racing Harness racing Palio Point-to-point Steeplechase Thoroughbred horse racing Films about horse racing List of horse racing venues by capacity Team sports Buzkashi Cowboy polo Equestrian drill team Escaramuza charra Fantasia Jereed (cirit) Mata Pato Polo Polocrosse Team chasing Games with horses Barrel racing Carrera de cintas Corrida de sortija Dzhigitovka Equine agility Er Enish Gymkhana Keyhole race Kyz kuu O-Mok-See Pole bending Potato race Sinjska alka Skijoring Driving sports Ban'ei racing Carriage driving Chuckwagon racing Draft horse showing Fine harness Horse pulling Pleasure driving Roadster Scurry driving Working stock sports Acoso y derribo Australian rodeo Breakaway roping Bronc riding Calf roping Campdrafting Charrería Chilean rodeo Coleo Cutting Deporte de lazo Goat tying Jineteada gaucha Ranch sorting Rodeo Steer wrestling Team penning Team roping Working cow horse Weaponry Cowboy mounted shooting Jousting Mounted archery Yabusame Pasola Pig sticking Horse show and exhibition disciplines Classical dressage English pleasure Halter (horse show) Horse showmanship Hunt seat Saddle seat Show hack Show hunter Show hunter (British) Sidesaddle Stunt riding Trail (horse show) Western dressage Western pleasure Western riding (horse show) Regional and breed-specific disciplines Camargue equitation Doma menorquina Doma vaquera Icelandic equitation Working equitation Field sports Cavalcade Competitive trail riding Cross-country Field hunter Fox hunting Hunter pacing Mounted orienteering Pleasure riding Trail riding TREC Related List of historical horses Women in equestrianism v t e Horses Equine science and management Anatomy Behavior Breeding Conformation Coat color Genome Gait Management Nutrition Aging Slaughter Equestrianism and sport Glossary of equestrian terms Horse industry List of equestrian sports Horse tack Bit Bridle Saddle Harness English riding Western riding Driving Horse training Horse racing Equestrian events at
360-469: A definition is provided by the Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF), which is the association for all the largest international sports federations (including association football , athletics , cycling , tennis , equestrian sports , and more), and is therefore the de facto representative of international sport. GAISF uses the following criteria, determining that
432-471: A disability have no equivalent in able-bodied sports. Masters sport , senior sport , or veteran sport is an age category of sport, that usually contains age groups of those 35 and older. It may concern unaltered or adapted sport activities, with and without competitions. Competitions The competition element of sport, along with the aesthetic appeal of some sports, result in the popularity of people attending to watch sport being played. This has led to
504-951: A fallback Dally ribbon roping – Team sport in rodeo Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Goat tying – Youth rodeo event Pole bending – rodeo event that involves riding a horse around six poles arranged in a line Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback Saddle bronc and bareback riding – Rodeo event that involves riding a bucking horse Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Steer roping – Rodeo event Steer wrestling – Rodeo event Team roping – Competitive rodeo team sport Tie-down roping – Rodeo event Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Australian rodeo – Rodeo style in Australia Charrería – National sport of Mexico Chilean rodeo – type of sport Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as
576-1133: A fallback Fine harness – American competition with high-stepping driving horses Harness racing – A form of horse racing that uses a two-wheeled cart Pleasure driving – A horse show class involving horses pulling carts Roadster – type of horse racing Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback Scurry driving — High speed obstacle competition Team sports [ edit ] Deporte de lazo – Team sport roping calves in Panama Equestrian drill team – Horse teams riding choreographed patterns Horseball – Team sport on horseback Pato – Team sport played on horseback Polo – Equestrian team sport Polocrosse – Team sport combining polo and lacrosse Regional [ edit ] Buzkashi – Afghanistan's national sport played on horseback Corrida de sortija – Equestrian sport derived from jousting Jousting – Martial game between two horsemen wielding lances with blunted tips Mounted archery – Using
648-578: A fallback Foxhunting – Traditional equestrian hunting activity Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Hunt seat – Competitive equestrian sport Saddle seat – Style of horse riding Show hunter – Type of competition horse Show hunter (British) – Horse type in UK Show jumping – Competitive equestrian sport Show hack – Type of competition horse Team chasing – British equestrian sport Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as
720-536: A fallback Racing [ edit ] Main article: Horse racing Flat racing – Equestrian sport Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Harness racing – A form of horse racing that uses a two-wheeled cart Point-to-point – Form of horse racing Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Steeplechase – Horse race form originally from Ireland, featuring jumps over fence and ditch obstacles Thoroughbred horse racing – Sport and industry involving
792-883: A fallback Trail riding – Traveling on trails and forest roads by horse, bicycle, motorcycle, or all-terrain vehicle Working equitation – Equestrian discipline FEI international disciplines [ edit ] Main article: International Federation for Equestrian Sports Combined driving – Sport involving horses pulling carriages Dressage – Equestrian sport and art Endurance – Equestrian sport Eventing – Equestrian triathlon Para-equestrian – Type of disability sport Show jumping – Competitive equestrian sport Equestrian vaulting – Gymnastics and dance on horseback Regional governance [ edit ] Horseball – Team sport on horseback Tent pegging – Equestrian sport Olympic disciplines [ edit ] Main article: Equestrian events at
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#1732782451763864-934: A fallback Western dressage – Dressage riding in western tack Western pleasure – Equestrian sport Western riding (horse show) Stock handling [ edit ] Camargue equitation – Traditional horse riding from Camargue region of France Campdrafting – Sport involving a horse and rider working cattle Charrería – National sport of Mexico Coleo de toros – Venezuelan/Colombian sport similar to rodeo Cutting – Western-style equestrian competition Ranch sorting – Western-style equestrian sport Team penning – Western equestrian sport Working cow horse – A Western-style equestrian competition event Rodeo [ edit ] Main article: Rodeo American rodeo events Barrel racing – Competitive equestrian rodeo sport Breakaway roping – rodeo event Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as
936-656: A fallback Western riding [ edit ] Main article: Western riding Cowboy mounted shooting – Type of competitive equestrian sport Cowboy polo – Form of polo played mostly in the western United States Horsemanship – Use of horses for sport or work Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets O-Mok-See – Equestrian event consisting of speed racing and timed games for riders on horses Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Reining – Type of western horse riding competition Trail (horse show) – horse show Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as
1008-415: A fallback Cutiano (Brazilian bronc riding) Harness [ edit ] Main article: Driving (horse) Ban'ei racing – sport Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback Pages displaying short descriptions with no spaces Combined driving – Sport involving horses pulling carriages Draft horse showing – type of horse show Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as
1080-534: A line first. It can also be determined by judges who are scoring elements of the sporting performance, including objective or subjective measures such as technical performance or artistic impression. Records of performance are often kept, and for popular sports, this information may be widely announced or reported in sport news . Sport is also a major source of entertainment for non-participants, with spectator sport drawing large crowds to sport venues , and reaching wider audiences through broadcasting . Sport betting
1152-626: A main part of the sport. This usually takes the form of the rider being on the horse's back, or the horses pulling some sort of horse-drawn vehicle . General [ edit ] Main article: Equestrianism 4-H – Network of youth organizations in the United States Equitation – Art or practice of horse riding or horsemanship Horse show – A judged exhibition of horses Icelandic equitation – Form of horse riding traditional to Iceland Jineteada gaucha – Traditional sport of Argentina and
1224-522: A maximum of 5 shows per season. Hunt Seat riders in Zones 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, and 11 need 18 points to qualify for Regionals and riders in Zones 6 ,7, 8, and 9 need 15 points. Western riders need 15 points to qualify for Regionals. Each region can determine the number of riders that it sends to Zone Finals, and each Zone can send either one or two riders to National Finals based on the size of the zone. Teams can also qualify for postseason competition. Prior to
1296-586: A regular sports season , followed in some cases by playoffs . Sport is generally recognised as system of activities based in physical athleticism or physical dexterity , with major competitions admitting only sports meeting this definition. Some organisations, such as the Council of Europe , preclude activities without any physical element from classification as sports. However, a number of competitive, but non-physical, activities claim recognition as mind sports . The International Olympic Committee who oversee
1368-409: A single person with others being done by hundreds. Most sports take place either in teams or competing as individuals. Some sports allow a "tie" or "draw", in which there is no single winner; others provide tie-breaking methods to ensure one winner. A number of contests may be arranged in a tournament format, producing a champion . Many sports leagues make an annual champion by arranging games in
1440-769: A small number of mind sports, it is not open to admitting any further mind sports. There has been an increase in the application of the term "sport" to a wider set of non-physical challenges such as video games , also called esports (from "electronic sports"), especially due to the large scale of participation and organised competition, but these are not widely recognised by mainstream sports organisations. According to Council of Europe , European Sports Charter, article 2.i, " 'Sport' means all forms of physical activity which, through casual or organised participation, aim at expressing or improving physical fitness and mental well-being, forming social relationships or obtaining results in competition at all levels." There are opposing views on
1512-567: A sport should: They also recognise that sport can be primarily physical (such as rugby or athletics ), primarily mind (such as chess or Go ), predominantly motorised (such as Formula 1 or powerboating ), primarily co-ordination (such as snooker and other cue sports ), or primarily animal-supported (such as equestrian sport ). The inclusion of mind sports within sport definitions has not been universally accepted, leading to legal challenges from governing bodies in regards to being denied funding available to sports. Whilst GAISF recognises
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#17327824517631584-471: A sport, retain a policy of allowing only amateur sport . The Olympic Games started with a principle of amateur competition with those who practised a sport professionally considered to have an unfair advantage over those who practised it merely as a hobby. From 1971, Olympic athletes were allowed to receive compensation and sponsorship, and from 1986, the IOC decided to make all professional athletes eligible for
1656-437: Is a problem at some national and international sporting contests. Female participation in sports continues to rise alongside the opportunity for involvement and the value of sports for child development and physical fitness . Despite increases in female participation during the last three decades, a gap persists in the enrollment figures between male and female players in sports-related teams. Female players account for 39% of
1728-516: Is common for popular sports to attract large broadcast audiences, leading to rival broadcasters bidding large amounts of money for the rights to show certain events. The football World Cup attracts a global television audience of hundreds of millions; the 2006 final alone attracted an estimated worldwide audience of well over 700 million and the 2011 Cricket World Cup Final attracted an estimated audience of 135 million in India alone. In
1800-622: Is different from Wikidata Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback via Module:Annotated link Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets via Module:Annotated link Pages displaying short descriptions with no spaces via Module:Annotated link Sports Sport is a form of physical activity or game . Often competitive and organized , sports use, maintain, or improve physical ability and skills . They also provide enjoyment to participants and, in some cases, entertainment to spectators. Many sports exist, with different participant numbers, some are done by
1872-462: Is in some cases severely regulated, and in others integral to the sport. According to A.T. Kearney , a consultancy, the global sporting industry is worth up to $ 620 billion as of 2013. The world's most accessible and practised sport is running , while association football is the most popular spectator sport. The word "sport" comes from the Old French desport meaning " leisure ", with
1944-420: Is on an unfamiliar horse that is new to them, this allows the judge to fairly judge each rider on how well they can ride an unfamiliar horse, which levels the playing field. Regular season points are as follows: 1st place: 7 points 2nd place: 5 points 3rd place: 4 points 4th place: 3 points 5th place: 2 points 6th place: 1 point 7th place and under: 0 Points Each rider is allowed to compete in
2016-481: Is used in most English dialects to describe the overall concept (e.g. "children taking part in sport"), with "sports" used to describe multiple activities (e.g. "football and rugby are the most popular sports in England"). American English uses "sports" for both terms. The precise definition of what differentiates a sport from other leisure activities varies between sources. The closest to an international agreement on
2088-842: The 1936 Summer Olympics held in Berlin , and the 1936 Winter Olympics held in Garmisch-Partenkirchen , to promote the Nazi ideology of the superiority of the Aryan race , and inferiority of the Jews and other " undesirables ". Germany used the Olympics to give off a peaceful image while secretly preparing for war. When apartheid was the official policy in South Africa, many sports people, particularly in rugby union , adopted
2160-646: The Gaelic Athletic Association (GAA) if she/he played or supported Association football , or other games seen to be of British origin. Until recently the GAA continued to ban the playing of football and rugby union at Gaelic venues. This ban, also known as Rule 42, is still enforced, but was modified to allow football and rugby to be played in Croke Park while Lansdowne Road was redeveloped into Aviva Stadium . Until recently, under Rule 21,
2232-539: The Olympic Games recognises both chess and bridge as sports. SportAccord , the international sports federation association, recognises five non-physical sports: chess, bridge, draughts , Go and xiangqi . However, they limit the number of mind games which can be admitted as sports. Sport is usually governed by a set of rules or customs , which serve to ensure fair competition. Winning can be determined by physical events such as scoring goals or crossing
Interscholastic Equestrian Association - Misplaced Pages Continue
2304-489: The war on drugs encourage youth sport as a means to increase educational participation and to fight the illegal drug trade . According to the Center for Injury Research and Policy at Nationwide Children's Hospital , the biggest risk for youth sport is death or serious injury including concussion . These risks come from running, basketball, association football, volleyball, gridiron, gymnastics, and ice hockey. Youth sport in
2376-505: The 2019-2020 season, IEA introduced the Intro division for 4th and 5th grade riders. Intro riders may compete in Intro walk/trot/canter or Intro walk/trot, which do not accumulate team points. The western division offers classes in both western horsemanship and reining , both are judged on the riders overall equation and how well they execute the pattern. Riders that enter reining classes must also compete in at least two horsemanship classes in
2448-594: The Cono Sur Mounted orienteering – Sport of orienteering while riding a horse Pleasure riding – form of equestrianism Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback Pony Club – International youth organization Sidesaddle – Form of equestrianism Sinjska alka – Equestrian competition in Sinj, Croatia Techniques de Randonnée Équestre de Compétition – equestrian sport Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as
2520-657: The GAA also banned members of the British security forces and members of the RUC from playing Gaelic games, but the advent of the Good Friday Agreement in 1998 led to the eventual removal of the ban. Nationalism is often evident in the pursuit of sport, or in its reporting: people compete in national teams, or commentators and audiences can adopt a partisan view. On occasion, such tensions can lead to violent confrontation among players or spectators within and beyond
2592-523: The IOC or SportAccord are required to implement a testing programme, looking for a list of banned drugs, with suspensions or bans being placed on participants who test positive for banned substances. Violence in sports involves crossing the line between fair competition and intentional aggressive violence. Athletes, coaches, fans, and parents sometimes unleash violent behaviour on people or property, in misguided shows of loyalty, dominance, anger, or celebration. Rioting or hooliganism by fans in particular
2664-428: The Intro division for 4th and 5th grade riders for the 2019-2020 season. Intro riders may compete in Intro walk/jog/lope and Intro walk/jog, which do not accumulate team points. Within the dressage discipline, two types of classes are offered: Dressage Test and Dressage Seat Equitation (DSE). There are four divisions offered, Open, Intermediate, Novice, Beginner and Intro. Level specific dressage tests are only offered in
2736-413: The Olympics, with the exceptions of boxing , and wrestling. Technology plays an important part in modern sport. It is a necessary part of some sports (such as motorsport), and it is used in others to improve performance. Some sports also use it to allow off-field decision making. Sports science is a widespread academic discipline, and can be applied to areas including athlete performance, such as
2808-479: The Open, Intermediate and Novice divisions. For Dressage Seat Equitation classes, they are run similar to a hunt seat flat class, but level-appropriate individual testing may also be a part of the class. Dressage was a pilot program for the 2018-2019 season and was officially approved as part of IEA for the 2019-2020 season. IEA competitions are run differently from a traditional horse show. The host team provides most of
2880-714: The Summer Olympics Dressage – Equestrian sport and art Eventing – Equestrian triathlon Show jumping – Competitive equestrian sport Paralympic disciplines [ edit ] Dressage only at the Paralympics ; dressage and combined driving at other FEI events Dressage [ edit ] Doma menorquina – Traditional style of riding of the island of Menorca Doma vaquera – traditional horse riding discipline of Spain Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as
2952-1309: The Summer Olympics medalists venues Horse show Equitation Therapy History Evolution Domestication Middle Ages Ancient and Imperial China Britain Indian subcontinent North America Warfare East Asia Napoleonic Wars American Civil War World War I World War II Horse breeds and types Horse breeds Draft horse Feral horse Gaited horses Mountain and moorland pony breeds Sport horse Stock horse Warmblood Wild horse Culture Art Burial Fiction Hippomancy Mythology Centaur Chinese Nordic Unicorn White horses Winged horse Sacrifice Symbolism Worship Lists of horse-related topics [REDACTED] Category Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_equestrian_sports&oldid=1251447803 " Categories : Equestrian sports Sport-related lists by sport Equestrian sports disciplines Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description
Interscholastic Equestrian Association - Misplaced Pages Continue
3024-518: The US is a $ 15 billion industry including equipment up to private coaching. Disabled or adaptive sports are played by people with a disability , including physical and intellectual disabilities . As many of these are based on existing sports modified to meet the needs of people with a disability, they are sometimes referred to as adapted sports . However, not all disabled sports are adapted; several sports that have been specifically created for people with
3096-687: The United States, the championship game of the NFL , the Super Bowl , has become one of the most watched television broadcasts of the year. Super Bowl Sunday is a de facto national holiday in America; the viewership being so great that in 2015, advertising space was reported as being sold at $ 4.5m for a 30-second slot. Sport can be undertaken on an amateur, professional or semi-professional basis, depending on whether participants are incentivised for participation (usually through payment of
3168-790: The activity will be enjoyed for its own sake. The well-known sentiment by sports journalist Grantland Rice , that it is "not that you won or lost but how you played the game", and the modern Olympic creed expressed by its founder Pierre de Coubertin : "The most important thing... is not winning but taking part" are typical expressions of this sentiment. Key principles of sport include that the result should not be predetermined, and that both sides should have equal opportunity to win. Rules are in place to ensure fair play, but participants can break these rules in order to gain advantage. Participants may cheat in order to unfairly increase their chance of winning, or in order to achieve other advantages such as financial gains. The widespread existence of gambling on
3240-415: The ancient Olympics up to the present century. Industrialisation has brought motorised transportation and increased leisure time , letting people attend and follow spectator sports and participate in athletic activities. These trends continued with the advent of mass media and global communication. Professionalism became prevalent, further adding to the increase in sport's popularity, as sports fans followed
3312-471: The community in sports such as mass media campaigns, educational sessions, and policy changes. There is also no high-quality studies that investigate the effect of such interventions in promoting healthy behaviour change in the community. sports is one of the important part of life Benito Mussolini used the 1934 FIFA World Cup , which was held in Italy, to showcase Fascist Italy . Adolf Hitler also used
3384-483: The conscientious approach that they should not appear in competitive sports there. Some feel this was an effective contribution to the eventual demolition of the policy of apartheid, others feel that it may have prolonged and reinforced its worst effects. In the history of Ireland, Gaelic sports were connected with cultural nationalism . Until the mid-20th century a person could have been banned from playing Gaelic football , hurling , or other sports administered by
3456-495: The corresponding flat classes. There are two flat only divisions; JV Beginner walk-trot-canter, and JV Beginner walk-trot. Middle school members can compete in Future Intermediate over fences (fences set at 2ft) or Future Novice over fences (cross rails), and the corresponding flat classes. There are two flat-only middle school divisions as well; Future Beginner walk/ trot / canter , and Future Beginner walk/trot. For
3528-840: The corresponding division. High school members can compete in Varsity Open Horsemanship and Varsity Open Reining, Varsity Intermediate Horsemanship and Varsity Intermediate Reining, Junior Varsity Novice Horsemanship, and Junior Varsity Novice Reining prep (an optional class that does not count for points). There are two divisions that only offer horsemanship classes; Junior Varsity Beginner walk/jog/lope, and Junior Varsity Beginner walk/jog. Middle school members can compete in Future Intermediate Horsemanship and Reining, Future Novice Horsemanship and reining prep, Future Beginner walk/jog/lope, or Future Beginner walk/jog. Similar to hunt seat, IEA introduced
3600-409: The draw, coaches chooses a point rider for each class, and only the point riders placing will count towards team points, therefore a large team doesn't have an advantage. The teams with the highest point totals at the end of the season will qualify for postseason competition. List of equestrian sports Equestrian sports are sports that use horses as
3672-561: The end of the match time. Artifacts and structures suggest sport in China as early as 2000 BC. Gymnastics appears to have been popular in China's ancient past. Monuments to the Pharaohs indicate that a number of sports, including swimming and fishing, were well-developed and regulated several thousands of years ago in ancient Egypt . Other Egyptian sports included javelin throwing, high jump, and wrestling. Ancient Persian sports such as
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#17327824517633744-585: The exploits of professional athletes – all while enjoying the exercise and competition associated with amateur participation in sports. Since the turn of the 21st century, there has been increasing debate about whether transgender sports people should be able to participate in sport events that conform with their post-transition gender identity . Sportsmanship is an attitude that strives for fair play, courtesy toward teammates and opponents, ethical behaviour and integrity, and grace in victory or defeat. Sportsmanship expresses an aspiration or ethos that
3816-482: The horses ability and suitability for that division. For example, the horses in the Novice and Beginner divisions will generally be quieter, and Open mounts will be more talented or difficult horses. Each rider mounts their horse and immediately enters the ring after adjusting their stirrups. Hunt Seat Over Fences riders are permitted to jump two warm-up fences in a pre-determined pattern before their class. Since each rider
3888-424: The horses for riders to draw, with established teams also contributing horses. Prior to competition, each horse is schooled or warmed up by a non-competing rider or trainer, and competitors watch and take notes. After the completion of schooling, the horse draw (random selection of horses for the riders in the class) is announced so the riders know which horse they are riding. Horses are selected for each class based on
3960-414: The host broadcaster, a number of different technologies are used during an umpire or player review, including instant replays, Hawk-Eye , Hot Spot and Real Time Snickometer . Hawk-Eye is also used in tennis to challenge umpiring decisions. Research suggests that sports have the capacity to connect youth to positive adult role models and provide positive development opportunities, as well as promote
4032-427: The impact of losing on less able participants, there has been an introduction of non-competitive physical activity to traditionally competitive events such as school sports days , although moves like this are often controversial. In competitive events, participants are graded or classified based on their "result" and often divided into groups of comparable performance, (e.g. gender, weight and age). The measurement of
4104-509: The impact of technical advantage between participants. For example, in 2010, full-body, non-textile swimsuits were banned by FINA , as they were enhancing swimmers' performances. The increase in technology has also allowed many decisions in sports matches to be taken, or reviewed, off-field, with another official using instant replays to make decisions. In some sports, players can now challenge decisions made by officials. In Association football , goal-line technology makes decisions on whether
4176-431: The learning and application of life skills . In recent years the use of sport to reduce crime , as well as to prevent violent extremism and radicalization , has become more widespread, especially as a tool to improve self-esteem , enhance social bonds and provide participants with a feeling of purpose. There is no high-quality evidence that shows the effectiveness of interventions to increase sports participation of
4248-599: The necessity of competition as a defining element of a sport, with almost all professional sports involving competition, and governing bodies requiring competition as a prerequisite of recognition by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) or GAISF. Other bodies advocate widening the definition of sport to include all physical activity. For instance, the Council of Europe include all forms of physical exercise, including those competed just for fun. In order to widen participation, and reduce
4320-481: The oldest definition in English from around 1300 being "anything humans find amusing or entertaining". Other meanings include gambling and events staged for the purpose of gambling; hunting; and games and diversions, including ones that require exercise. Roget's defines the noun sport as an "activity engaged in for relaxation and amusement" with synonyms including diversion and recreation. The singular term "sport"
4392-632: The placement of riders new to IEA to account for the unique format. IEA was founded in spring of 2002, and has since grown its membership to 14,500 members across 46 states. Teams can be formed through a school or riding stables. The hunt seat discipline offers both over fences classes and flat classes, judged on the riders equitation . Within hunt seat 11 divisions are offered. High school members can compete in either Varsity Open over fences (fences set at 2'6), Varsity Intermediate over fences (fences set at 2ft), or Junior Varsity Novice over fences (cross rails). Riders competing in these classes must also enter
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#17327824517634464-643: The racing of Thoroughbred horses Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Other timed events [ edit ] Gymkhana – Equestrian event consisting of speed racing and timed games for riders on horses Skijoring – Winter sport involving being pulled on skis English riding [ edit ] Main article: English riding Classical dressage – Art of riding Dressage – Equestrian sport and art English pleasure – Style of horse show class Eventing – Equestrian triathlon Field hunter – type of horse Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as
4536-572: The referee. A video referee (commonly known as a Television Match Official or TMO) can also use replays to help decision-making in rugby (both league and union ). In international cricket, an umpire can ask the Third umpire for a decision, and the third umpire makes the final decision. Since 2008, a decision review system for players to review decisions has been introduced and used in ICC -run tournaments, and optionally in other matches. Depending on
4608-412: The result may be objective or subjective, and corrected with "handicaps" or penalties. In a race, for example, the time to complete the course is an objective measurement. In gymnastics or diving the result is decided by a panel of judges, and therefore subjective. There are many shades of judging between boxing and mixed martial arts, where victory is assigned by judges if neither competitor has lost at
4680-596: The result of sports events can affect the results. A study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences showed that when the home team wins the game before the election, the incumbent candidates can increase their share of the vote by 1.5 per cent. A loss had the opposite effect, and the effect is greater for higher-profile teams or unexpected wins and losses. Also, when Washington Redskins win their final game before an election, then
4752-450: The results of sports events creates a motivation for match fixing , where a participant or participants deliberately work to ensure a given outcome rather than simply playing to win. The competitive nature of sport encourages some participants to attempt to enhance their performance through the use of medicines, or through other means such as increasing the volume of blood in their bodies through artificial means . All sports recognised by
4824-558: The specific phenomenon of spectator sport. Both amateur and professional sports attract spectators, both in person at the sport venue, and through broadcast media including radio , television and internet broadcast. Both attendance in person and viewing remotely can incur a sometimes substantial charge, such as an entrance ticket, or pay-per-view television broadcast. Sports league and tournament are two common arrangements to organise sport teams or individual athletes into competing against each other continuously or periodically. It
4896-658: The sporting venue, as in the Football War . These trends are seen by many as contrary to the fundamental ethos of sport being carried on for its own sake and for the enjoyment of its participants. Sport and politics collided in the 1972 Olympics in Munich. Masked men entered the hotel of the Israeli Olympic team and killed many of their men. This was known as the Munich massacre . A study of US elections has shown that
4968-575: The time of Ancient Greece and the military culture and the development of sport in Greece influenced one another considerably. Sport became such a prominent part of their culture that the Greeks created the Olympic Games , which in ancient times were held every four years in a small village in the Peloponnesus called Olympia . Sports have been increasingly organised and regulated from the time of
5040-465: The total participation in US interscholastic athletics. Certain sports are mixed-gender , allowing (or even requiring) men and women to play on the same team. One example of this is Baseball5 , which is the first mixed-gender sport to have been admitted into an Olympic event. Youth sport presents children with opportunities for fun, socialisation, forming peer relationships, physical fitness , and athletic scholarships . Activists for education and
5112-403: The traditional Iranian martial art of Zoorkhaneh had a close connection to warfare skills. Among other sports that originated in ancient Persia are polo and jousting . Various traditional games of India such as Kho kho and Kabbadi have been played for thousands of years. The kabaddi was played potentially as a preparation for hunting. A wide range of sports were already established by
5184-460: The use of video analysis to fine-tune technique, or to equipment, such as improved running shoes or competitive swimwear . Sports engineering emerged as a discipline in 1998 with an increasing focus not just on materials design but also the use of technology in sport, from analytics and big data to wearable technology . In order to control the impact of technology on fair play, governing bodies frequently have specific rules that are set to control
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