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33-675: In recent years, Intrawest has strengthened its cash flows, despite 2012 proving to be a challenging year for the American ski industry with warmer than normal temperatures and snowfall at 50% of historical averages. Western Canada experienced above average and record snowfall amounts in some areas. In May 2017, it was announced that Intrawest would no longer exist as a public company after its acquisition by Henry Crown and Company and KSL Capital Partners. Intrawest resorts are now operated by Alterra Mountain Company , which announced its new name at

66-487: A lime kiln above 900 °C (1,650 °F) converts it into the highly caustic material burnt lime , unslaked lime or quicklime ( calcium oxide ) and, through subsequent addition of water, into the less caustic (but still strongly alkaline ) slaked lime or hydrated lime ( calcium hydroxide , Ca(OH) 2 ), the process of which is called slaking of lime . When the term is encountered in an agricultural context, it usually refers to agricultural lime , which today

99-469: A Cook County judge. Lime (mineral) Lime is an inorganic material composed primarily of calcium oxides and hydroxides . It is also the name for calcium oxide which occurs as a product of coal-seam fires and in altered limestone xenoliths in volcanic ejecta. The International Mineralogical Association recognizes lime as a mineral with the chemical formula of CaO. The word lime originates with its earliest use as building mortar and has

132-480: A lime made from kankar which is a form of calcium carbonate. Selenitic lime, also known as Scotts' cement after Henry Young Darracott Scott , is a cement of grey chalk or similar lime, such as in the Lias Group , with about 5% added gypsum plaster (calcined gypsum ). Selenite is a type of gypsum, but selenitic cement may be made using any form of sulfate or sulfuric acid . Sulfate arrests slaking, causes

165-468: A limitation on its unhydrated oxide content." The term Type S originated in 1946 in ASTM C 207 Hydrated Lime for Masonry Purposes. Type S lime is almost always dolomitic lime, hydrated under heat and pressure in an autoclave, and used in mortar, render , stucco , and plaster . Type S lime is not considered reliable as a pure binder in mortar due to high burning temperatures during production. Kankar lime,

198-924: A venue of the 2010 Winter Olympics and Paralympic Games. Intrawest eventually spun off Whistler-Blackcomb and sold the last of its shares in that company in 2012. Today, the Intrawest network includes mountain resorts . Intrawest also operates Club Intrawest , a private resort club with nine locations in North America. The company is the largest developer and operator of resort properties in North America offering skiing , snowboarding , golf , mountain biking , lodging, and real estate opportunities at each of its resorts. Intrawest develops real estate at its resorts and at other locations across North America. The company owns Canadian Mountain Holidays ,

231-471: Is also known as rich, common, air, slaked, slack, pickling, hydrated, and high calcium lime. It consists primarily of calcium hydroxide which is derived by slaking quicklime (calcium oxide), and may contain up to 5% of other ingredients. Pure lime sets very slowly through contact with carbon dioxide in the air and moisture; it is not a hydraulic lime so it will not set under water. Pure lime is pure white and can be used for whitewash, plaster, and mortar. Pure lime

264-400: Is called the lime cycle . The conditions and compounds present during each step of the lime cycle have a strong influence of the end product, thus the complex and varied physical nature of lime products. An example is when slaked lime (calcium hydroxide) is mixed into a thick slurry with sand and water to form mortar for building purposes. When the masonry has been laid, the slaked lime in

297-479: Is done by composition as high calcium, argillaceous (clayey), silicious , conglomerate , magnesian , dolomite , and other limestones . Uncommon sources of lime include coral, sea shells, calcite and ankerite . Limestone is extracted from quarries or mines . Part of the extracted stone, selected according to its chemical composition and optical granulometry , is calcinated at about 900 °C (1,650 °F) in lime kilns to produce quicklime according to

330-501: Is made by adding forms of silica or alumina such as clay to the limestone during firing, or by adding a pozzolana to pure lime. Hydraulic limes are classified by their strength: feebly , moderately and eminently hydraulic lime. Feebly hydraulic lime contains 5-10% clay, slakes in minutes, and sets in about three weeks. It is used for less expensive work and in mild climates. Moderately hydraulic lime contains 11-20% clay, slakes in one to two hours, and sets in approximately one week. It

363-690: Is named for the Dolomite Mountains in the Italian and Austrian Alps. In the United States the most commonly used masonry lime is Type S hydrated lime which is intended to be added to Portland cement to improve plasticity , water retention and other qualities. The S in type S stands for special which distinguishes it from Type N hydrated lime where the N stands for normal. The special attributes of Type S are its "...ability to develop high, early plasticity and higher water retentivity and by

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396-425: Is similar to hydraulic lime but has less soluble silica (usually minimum 6%) and aluminates , and will set under water but will never harden. Hydraulic lime is also called water lime . Hydraulic lime contains lime with silica or alumina and sets with exposure to water and can set under water. Natural hydraulic lime (NHL) is made from a limestone which naturally contains some clay . Artificial hydraulic lime

429-492: Is soluble in water containing carbonic acid , a natural, weak acid which is a solution of carbon dioxide in water and acid rain so it will slowly wash away, but this characteristic also produces autogenous or self-healing process where the dissolved lime can flow into cracks in the material and be redeposited, automatically repairing the crack. Semi-hydraulic lime, also called partially hydraulic and grey lime, sets initially with water and then continues to set with air. This lime

462-632: Is used for better quality work and exterior walls in freezing climates. Eminently hydraulic lime contains 21-30% clay, slakes very slowly, and sets in approximately a day. It is used in harsh environments such as damp locations and near saltwater. Hydraulic lime is off-white in color. "The degree of hydraulicity of mortars will affect many characteristics. By selecting an appropriate ratio of clay to limestone mortars that carbonate or set hydraulically to varying extents can be designed for particular application requirements such as setting time, strength, colour, durability, frost resistance, workability, speed of set in

495-407: Is usually crushed limestone, not a product of a lime kiln. Otherwise it most commonly means slaked lime , as the more dangerous form is usually described more specifically as quicklime or burnt lime . In the lime industry, limestone is a general term for rocks that contain 80% or more of calcium or magnesium carbonate , including marble , chalk , oolite , and marl . Further classification

528-586: The Material Service Corporation , which merged with General Dynamics in 1959. At the time of his death, he was a billionaire. Henry Crown and Company, of which he is the namesake, is an investment firm that owns or has interests in a variety of business assets. From 1951 to 1961, he was the owner of the Empire State Building . Crown (birth name: Henry Krinsky) was born in 1896 to Jewish immigrants from Lithuania . He

561-745: The 2018 Outdoor Retailer show in Denver, Colorado. In 1986, Intrawest acquired Blackcomb Mountain from the Federal Business Development Bank, a Canadian Crown Corporation, and Fortress Mountain of Alberta (no relation to Fortress Investments LLC), a wholly owned division of Aspen Skiing Company . The company later went public, listed on the Toronto and New York Stock Exchanges and, in 1996, merged with Whistler Mountain Ski Corporation to form Whistler-Blackcomb resort,

594-649: The company with MSC, which had $ 100 million in sales. In 1960, Crown was named director of General Dynamics and then chairman of its executive committee, which lasted until 1966, when he was forced out by Roger Lewis through the redemption of Crown's controlling block of preferred stock. In 1970, Crown purchased sufficient stock to once again achieve a controlling interest in General Dynamics and quickly removed Roger Lewis, replacing him with David S. Lewis (no relation). According to his own claim, Crown had given away "nine figures" in his philanthropic pursuits by

627-633: The formation of magnesium sulfate salts." Magnesium sulfate salts may damage the mortar when they dry and recrystallize due to expansion of the crystals as they form, which is known as sulfate attack . Lime used in building materials is broadly classified as "pure", "hydraulic", and "poor" lime; can be natural or artificial ; and may be further identified by its magnesium content such as dolomitic or magnesium lime. Uses include lime mortar , lime plaster , lime render , lime-ash floors , tabby concrete , whitewash , silicate mineral paint , and limestone blocks which may be of many types . The qualities of

660-706: The largest heli-skiing operation in the world. On November 12, 2013, Intrawest filed an initial public offering (IPO) with the New York Stock Exchange to raise up to $ 100 Million. The filing states that the money is being raised, "for working capital and other general corporate purposes, which may include potential investments in, and acquisitions of, ski and adventure travel businesses and assets." In 2016, Intrawest initiated significant reductions in full time staff to achieve rapid cost reductions. Numerous key staff positions have been eliminated at its corporate headquarters and resort locations. This follows

693-437: The magnesium compounds also slake to periclase which slake more slowly than calcium oxide and when hydrated produce several other compounds. Thus, these limes contain inclusions of portlandite , brucite , magnesite , and other magnesium hydroxycarbonate compounds. These magnesium compounds have very limited, contradictory research which questions whether they "...may be significantly reactive with acid rain, which could lead to

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726-752: The many types of processed lime affect how they are used. The Romans used two types of lime mortar to make Roman concrete , which allowed them to revolutionize architecture, sometimes called the Concrete revolution . Lime has many complex qualities as a building product including workability which includes cohesion, adhesion, air content, water content, crystal shape, board-life, spreadability, and flowability; bond strength; comprehensive strength; setting time; sand-carrying capacity; hydraulicity; free lime content; vapor permeability; flexibility; and resistance to sulfates. These qualities are affected by many factors during each step of manufacturing and installation, including

759-420: The mortar slowly begins to react with carbon dioxide to form calcium carbonate (limestone) according to the reaction: The carbon dioxide that takes part in this reaction is principally available in the air or dissolved in rainwater so pure lime mortar will not recarbonate under water or inside a thick masonry wall. The lime cycle for dolomitic and magnesium lime is not well understood but more complex because

792-476: The original ingredients of the source of lime; added ingredients before and during firing including inclusion of compounds from the fuel exhaust; firing temperature and duration; method of slaking including a hot mix (quicklime added to sand and water to make mortar), dry slaking and wet slaking; ratio of the mixture with aggregates and water; the sizes and types of aggregate; contaminants in the mixing water; workmanship; and rate of drying during curing. Pure lime

825-405: The presence of water, vapour permeability etc." Poor lime is also known as lean or meager lime. Poor lime sets and cures very slowly and has weak bonding. Poor lime is grey in color. Magnesium lime contains more than 5% magnesium oxide (BS 6100) or 5-35% magnesium carbonate (ASTM C 59-91). Dolomitic lime has a high magnesium content of 35-46% magnesium carbonate (ASTM C 59-91). Dolomitic lime

858-444: The quicklime to a form referred to as lime putty. Because lime has an adhesive property with bricks and stones, it is often used as a binding mortar in masonry works. It is also used in whitewashing as a wall-coat to allow the whitewash to adhere the wall. The process by which limestone (calcium carbonate) is converted to quicklime by heating, then to slaked lime by hydration, and naturally reverts to calcium carbonate by carbonation

891-409: The reaction: Before use, quicklime is hydrated , that is combined with water, called slaking, so hydrated lime is also known as slaked lime, and is produced according to the reaction: Dry slaking is slaking quicklime with just enough water to hydrate the quicklime, but to keep it as a powder; it is referred to as hydrated lime. In wet slaking , a slight excess of water is added to hydrate

924-475: The sale of the Club Intrawest time share lodging operation to Diamond Resorts International at the end of 2015. It is unclear regarding the company's longer term strategies as it continues to display inconsistent approaches in its business and staffing model. In 2017, Intrawest was sold to Henry Crown and Company (which owns Aspen Skiing Company) and KSL Capital Partners for $ 1.5 billion. In May 2017, it

957-707: The same year, he and his brother borrowed $ 10,000 and founded the Material Service Corporation (MSC). MSC sold gravel, sand, lime , and coal to builders in the Chicago area. In its first year, the company made a profit of $ 7,000 on sales of $ 218,000. He left the business to serve as a lieutenant colonel in the Army Corps of Engineers during World War II. In 1959, Crown gained a controlling interest in General Dynamics and merged

990-838: The sense of sticking or adhering . These materials are still used in large quantities as building and engineering materials (including limestone products, cement , concrete , and mortar ), as chemical feedstocks, for sugar refining , and other uses. Lime industries and the use of many of the resulting products date from prehistoric times in both the Old World and the New World. Lime is used extensively for wastewater treatment with ferrous sulfate . The rocks and minerals from which these materials are derived, typically limestone or chalk , are composed primarily of calcium carbonate . They may be cut, crushed, or pulverized and chemically altered. Burning ( calcination ) of calcium carbonate in

1023-662: The time he turned 79. His beneficiaries included the University of Chicago , Brandeis University , Stanford University , Northwestern University and the St. Lawrence University student investment fund. The Henry Crown Symphony Hall in Jerusalem is named after him. Crown was married twice. His first wife, Rebecca Kranz, died in 1943. His second wife was Gladys Kay. Crown had three children: Robert Crown (1921–1969), Lester Crown (born June 7, 1925) and John J. Crown (1929–1997),

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1056-453: Was announced that Intrawest would no longer exist as public company. The newly formed company is called Alterra Mountain Company , which was announced at the 2018 Outdoor Retailer Show in Denver, Colorado. Resorts owned at least in part by Intrawest included: Henry Crown and Company Henry Crown ( né  Krinsky ; June 13, 1896 – August 14, 1990) was an American industrialist and philanthropist . Among other things, he founded

1089-422: Was the third of seven children of a sweatshop worker, Arie Krinsky (1861–1937), and his wife Ida (1871–1956) . His father changed the family name to Crown while Henry was a boy. Crown did not attend school past the eighth grade. In 1915, at the age of 19, he and his elder brother Sol founded S. R. Crown & Company, a steel broker. Sol later died of tuberculosis, and in 1919, his brother Irving joined him. In

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