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62-584: Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami ( Inuktitut syllabics : ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑕᐱᕇᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᒥ , meaning "Inuit are united in Canada"), previously known as the Inuit Tapirisat of Canada (Eskimo Brotherhood of Canada), is a nonprofit organization in Canada that represents over 65,000 Inuit across Inuit Nunangat and the rest of Canada. Their mission is to "serve as a national voice protecting and advancing the rights and interests of Inuit in Canada." Founded in 1971 by Inuit leaders,

124-634: A bilingual curriculum to achieve literacy in the Inuit language and at least one of Canada's official languages, and learning resources that are relevant to the Inuit culture, history and worldview; increasing the number of education leaders and bilingual educators in our schools and early childhood programs. In February 2017, the ITK and the Government of Canada, under the government of Justin Trudeau , created

186-514: A legislative career and in 1979, Curley ran in the federal election as a Liberal candidate but was defeated by Peter Ittinuar . In 1979 the ITC created the Inuit Committee on National Issues (ICNI) in order to represent their views regarding the constitution and other issues policy issues. The ICNI was a part of a larger Aboriginal Rights Coalition. In 1981, this coalition successfully lobbied

248-528: A multi-year funding plan which will go to the five areas in the strategy plan. In March 2020, it was also made a focus, under the heading of Reconciliation, for an action plan to be developed and implemented to contend with the calls to justice of the National Inquiry on Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women and Girls . Canada Goose is a high end premium Canadian brand that sells winter apparel such as hats, jackets, gloves, vests, pants and parkas. It

310-522: A part of the Aboriginal Rights Coalition, was present at these subsequent meetings. The ICNI was disbanded after these meetings after its funding expired. As early as 1976, the ITC submitted its first Inuit land claims proposal. This first proposal was not only a land claims but also called for the creation of a new territory, effectively calling for the settlement of land claims and political development simultaneously. This proposal

372-479: A security interest in all or any property of ITK, owned or subsequently acquired, to secure any obligation of ITK. The duties of the president include attending members, board and officers meetings, carrying out the decisions and directions made by the board and oversee the management of the activities and affairs of the ITK. The president normally resides in Ottawa, unless the board approves otherwise. The vice-president

434-401: A term of three years and can serve multiple terms if re-elected each time. The president must receive the majority vote of the vice-president, member representatives, and delegates, each of whom have only one vote. For an Inuk individual to become a candidate for the position of president they must submit a written declaration of candidacy to the executive director no fewer than twenty days before

496-935: A united voice regarding the "status of land and resource ownership in Inuit Nunangat " and to increase their autonomy. As potential projects, such as the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline and the James Bay Project , began to threaten the Inuit Nunangat, leaders decided to take action. Inuit Nunangat is currently made up of four regions: the Inuvialuit Settlement Region (northern Northwest Territories and Yukon ), Nunavut , Nunavik (northern Quebec) and Nunatsiavut (northern Labrador). Inuit culture has remained resilient across Inuit Nunangat, as an estimate of 60% of

558-512: Is a voting member. Each organization will nominate one director to sit on the board. A director will automatically be removed if: they are less than eighteen years of age; declared incapable by a court in Canada, or in another country; has the status of bankrupt; or on the director's death. There are also three non-voting representatives that sit on the board: National Inuit Youth Council (NIYC), Inuit Circumpolar Council (ICC Canada) and Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada. The ITK president serves for

620-406: Is an Inuk politician and advocate of Inuit rights. Curley was a founding member of ITK and the first president. He was brought up in a traditional Inuit lifestyle , having strong connections to the land and culture. Before he took on the role of ITK president, he worked careers that dealt first hand with issues surrounding development and housing in Inuit communities. From 1966 to 1970, he worked with

682-730: Is called Unified Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics . The first efforts to write Inuktitut came from Moravian missionaries in Greenland and Labrador in the mid-19th century using Latin script. The first book printed in Inuktitut using Cree script was an 8-page pamphlet known as Selections from the Gospels in the dialect of the Inuit of Little Whale River ( ᒋᓴᓯᑊ ᐅᑲᐤᓯᐣᑭᐟ , "Jesus' words"), printed by John Horden in 1855–56 at Moose Factory for Edwin Arthur Watkins to use among

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744-438: Is in high demand in pop culture as actors, athletes, rappers and many high-profile celebrities wear this brand. In 2019, Canada Goose and ITK agreed to collectively collaborate with each other for their January, 2019 launch. The collaboration is known as Project Atigi in which 20 Inuit representatives will be working and creating parka designs for Project Atigi. These projects are influenced by the traditional clothing and culture of

806-636: Is set on Kugmallit Bay, near the Mackenzie River Delta. It has the only deepwater port in the ISR. Ulukhaktok , formerly known as "Holman", is located on the west coast of Victoria Island . Printmaking has taken over as the primary source of income in recent years. Herschel Island , which is uninhabited, is part of the ISR although in Yukon and was traditionally used by the Inuvialuit. English

868-706: Is spoken in the entire region. Additionally, Siglitun is spoken in Paulatuk, Sachs Harbour and Tuktoyaktuk. Uummarmiutun is spoken in Inuvik and Aklavik. Inuinnaqtun is spoken in Ulukhaktok and nowhere else in the Northwest Territories. Together they are grouped under Inuvialuktun . The Inuvialuit Renewable Resource Conservation and Management Plan sets the strategy for fish and wildlife management and conservation. Integrated management planning of

930-518: Is the current president of the Inuit Circumpolar Council (Canada). The duties of the vice-president include performing the duties and exercising the powers of the president in their absence and supporting the president in their duties and decisions. The secretary/treasurer hold office for one year and is appointed by the board. The secretary/treasurer works in co-operation with the president and vice-president and are responsible for

992-683: The Arctic Ocean , is the region's administrative centre, home to the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation. The only other inland community, Aklavik , is located on the Peel Channel. Hunting, fishing and trapping are the major economic activities of Paulatuk , in Amundsen Gulf 's Darnley Bay , and Sachs Harbour , the only permanent settlement on Banks Island . Tuktoyaktuk , formerly known as "Port Brabant",

1054-538: The Canadian federal government to court in Hamlet of Baker Lake v. Minister of Indian Affairs. The case raised questions concerning aboriginal rights, more specifically their right to hunt caribou . The plaintiffs sought to stop the mining activities happening in the area and for a declaration to be made that Baker Lake was subject to an Inuit aboriginal title to hunt and fish. The case concluded by Judge Pat Mahoney of

1116-668: The Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada (formerly known as the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development) as a development officer. After that, he became a settlement manager in Naujaat (then called Repulse Bay) for a year. Curley successfully acted as president for four years, accomplished a lot, most notably in leading the movement to replace the term Eskimo with Inuit in all official Canadian documents. He then went on to pursue

1178-792: The Federal Court of Canada recognized the existence of Aboriginal Title in Nunavut. In the late 1970s, the ITC launched the Inukshuk Project, named for the Inuksuk , which was the first involvement of Inuit on broadcast television. In April 1974, the Cabinet approved a procedure that all Canadian communities, with a minimum population of five hundred, would have media broadcast in English or French. James Arvaluk , ITC president at

1240-588: The Federal–Provincial Conference of First Ministers on the Constitution to reinstate Section 35 into the Constitution after it was previously removed. Section 35 entrenches indigenous and treaty rights into the constitution. At the 1983 Federal–Provincial Conference of First Ministers on Aboriginal Constitutional Matters it was agreed to hold three more subsequent First Ministers' meetings to discuss aboriginal constitutional matters. The ICNI, as

1302-727: The Government of Canada for the Inuvialuit people. It spans 90,650 km (35,000 sq mi) of land, mostly above the tree line , and includes several subregions: the Beaufort Sea , the Mackenzie River delta, the northern portion of Yukon ("Yukon North Slope"), and the northwest portion of the Northwest Territories . The ISR includes both Crown Lands and Inuvialuit Private Lands. Most of

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1364-560: The Indian-Eskimo Association (IEA). The IEA were a group of southern Canadian educators, church leaders, and civil servants who advocated and promoted issues related to First Nations and Inuit. The IEA worked towards enabling indigenous peoples to advocate for their own goals. Using the IEA's public support and funding they helped facilitate the founding of an Inuit organization: the Inuit Tapirisat of Canada (ITC). In 1970,

1426-565: The Mackenzie River delta, the western Arctic islands and Alaska . The Inuktitut script ( titirausiq nutaaq ) is commonly presented as a syllabary . The dots on the letters in the table mark long vowels ; in the Latin transcription, the vowel is doubled. For geminate consonants , the final consonant symbol is placed before the CV syllabic, for instance - kk u-, - nnu - are rendered ᒃ ᑯ and ᓐ ᓄ respectively. The Makivik Corporation expanded

1488-875: The Northern Quebec Inuit Association ( NQIA ), which was founded in 1971; the Labrador Inuit Association ( LIA ), which was founded in 1973; the Kitikmeot Inuit Association, the Keewatin (now Kivalliq) Inuit Association, and the Baffin Regional (now Qikiqtani) Inuit Association all founded in the mid-1970s. Later that year in Ottawa , Ontario the first conference was held and ITK has been headquartered out of Ottawa since 1972. In 2001,

1550-556: The IEA sponsored a meeting in Coppermine (now Kugluktuk) for the Inuit from across Canada's Arctic to talk of matters of mutual concern. From this meeting a telegram was created and sent to then Prime Minister Trudeau asking for the recognition of indigenous land rights in the north. This was this first instance of such a collective message being sent to the Federal government by the Inuit. Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, then known as

1612-602: The ISR is represented by Nunakput , the territorial electoral district , meaning "our land" in Inuvialuktun . The ISR is one of the four Inuit regions of Canada, collectively known as Inuit Nunangat , represented by the Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami (ITK). The other regions include Nunatsiavut in Labrador , Nunavik in northern Quebec , and the territory of Nunavut . The ISR is the homeland of

1674-689: The ISR population was 5,336 people, of which 3,110 were Inuvialuit and formed a majority in all six communities. There are no communities in the Yukon North Slope. Of the six communities in the ISR all are located in the Northwest Territories and, along with Fort McPherson and Tsiigehtchic , form the Inuvik Region . Inuvik , located on the East Channel of the Mackenzie Delta, approximately 100 km (62 mi) from

1736-550: The ITK looks to advocate on the behalf of Inuit in Canada. The contributions of the ITK led to the creation of Nunavut . Before European contact , the Inuit would choose leaders based on their survival skills with this role usually falling to the oldest male, but decisions were generally made via a group consensus. As interest in Canada's north increased there came further development. This development led to an increase of non-Inuit in northern Canada. These southern Canadians occupied

1798-513: The ITK, have aided in forming a partnership with the Government of Canada to discuss domestic and international issues. In 1979, the ITC was seeking an injunction to stop the mineral exploration at Baker Lake, Northwest Territories (now in Nunavut ). The plaintiffs, Baker Lake Hunters and Trappers Association, the ITC and the 112 Inuit who lived and hunted in Baker Lake at the time, took

1860-686: The Inuit Tapirisat of Canada ("Inuit will be united") changed its name to Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami, meaning "Inuit are united in Canada". The name was changed after the signing of the Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement-in-Principle (AIP). The Government of Canada and Labrador Inuit Association gathered to sign a land claims agreement, which reinforced Inuit title to their land and increased their self-sufficiency in their communities. Tagak Curley , born in 1944 in Southampton Island , Nunavut,

1922-459: The Inuit Tapirisat of Canada (ITC), was founded in 1971 by seven Inuit community leaders, who were attending an IEA meeting in Toronto. The leaders attending this first meeting were Noah Qumak, Jacob Oweetaluktuk, Celestino Makpah , Josiah Kadlusiak, Ipeele KìLabuk, Tagak Curley , and Mary Cousins. The decision to form a national Inuit organization was made to lobby the Government of Canada through

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1984-495: The Inuit and non-Inuit, both socially and economically, in the north. By the 1960s, there was a push to incorporate the Inuit into the political system and civil service. Such examples include the Government of the Northwest Territories, regional councils, and town/hamlet councils. A particular strong example of this was the Baffin Regional Council which was primarily administered by Inuit. Despite these efforts,

2046-467: The Inuit at Fort George . In November 1865, Horden and Watkins met in London under Henry Venn 's direction to adapt Cree syllabics to the Inuktitut language. In the 1870s, Edmund Peck , another Anglican missionary, started printing according to that standard. Other missionaries, and later linguists in the employ of the Canadian and American governments, adapted the Latin alphabet to the dialects of

2108-527: The Inuit had concerns over a lack of autonomy, assimilative policies, and growing restrictions on traditional lands. In 1969, the White Paper was introduced which sought to terminate aboriginal status under the Indian Act and assimilate indigenous peoples. Based on these concerns and events the will for an Inuit political organization grew. Concerns, such as the lack of Inuit autonomy, were shared by

2170-726: The Inuit-Partnership Committee (ICPC). The purpose of the ICPC is to pursue goals that are common to both the Inuit and the Crown. The committee is co-chaired by the Prime Minister and the president of the ITK at one meeting a year, while subsequent annual meetings are co-chaired by the president of the ITK and the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations. Other members of the committee include select federal ministers,

2232-486: The Inuit. There will be future collection drops in the project with Inuit representatives chosen by ITK. ITK is governed by a board of directors and president. The board of directors consists of presidents from four regional Inuit land claims organizations: Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated , Makivik Corporation , Nunatsiavut Government , and the Inuvialuit Regional Corporation . Each director

2294-582: The Inuvialuit Settlement Region report. There are several protected parks and bird sanctuaries in the ISR. There are five parks: Aulavik National Park , Herschel Island Territorial Park, Ivvavik National Park , Pingo Canadian Landmark , and Tuktut Nogait National Park . There are also four bird sanctuaries : Anderson River Delta Migratory Bird Sanctuary, Banks Island No. 1 Bird Sanctuary, Cape Perry Migratory Bird Sanctuary, and Kendall Island Migratory Bird Sanctuary The area

2356-653: The Inuvialuit. The Inuvialuit Regional Corporation , established in 1986 as the receiver of the lands and financial compensation of the Inuvialuit Final Agreement, is controlled by the Inuvialuit population and is responsible for ISR operations. From 1996 until 2016, Nellie Cournoyea , former Premier of the Northwest Territories , was the Chair and CEO of the Board. She had been elected nine times before declining to run again. In 2016, Duane Ningaqsiq Smith,

2418-401: The environment and climate change; housing and infrastructure, economic development and procurement; and legislative priorities. To combat climate change the ITK focused on five areas in their national climate change strategy. The five areas being: capacity building, health and environment, food systems, infrastructure and energy. The federal government has pledged $ 1 million for the strategy in

2480-688: The far north as part of the High Arctic relocation . The DIAND found that the Government of Canada acted appropriately and would not apologize for the relocation of Inuit. ITC then appealed to the Canadian Human Rights Commission (CHRC), and they proceeded to investigate. The ITC asked for three things, recognition of their contribution to the Canadian claim to territorial sovereignty in the High Arctic; an apology for

2542-424: The federal and territorial civil services along with the main industries present in the north. These positions required a western education which favoured the southern Canadians over the Inuit. As more and more southern Canadians came north they demanded consumer goods which made Inuit knowledge and survival skills less needed for the survival of southern Canadians in the north. This contributed to an inequality between

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2604-467: The grain in rocks. Titirausiq nutaaq [titiʁauˈsiq nuˈtaːq] meaning "new writing system" is to be seen in contrast to titirausiit nutaunngittut ( ᑎᑎᕋᐅᓰᑦ ᓄᑕᐅᓐᖏᑦᑐᑦ ), the "old syllabics" used before the reforms of 1976. Inuktitut is one variation on Canadian Aboriginal syllabics , and can be digitally encoded using the Unicode standard. The Unicode block for Inuktitut characters

2666-461: The hardship that Inuit suffered in Grise Fiord and Resolute ; and compensation for the wrongs done to them. The CHRC report recommended that the Government should acknowledge and publicly thank the contribution of the Inuit relocated to the High Arctic; apologize for the shortcomings in planning the relocation; and acknowledge that it promised those Inuit who wished to go back to Northern Quebec

2728-659: The majority of programs are broadcast in Inuktitut . The IBC has employed some of Nunavut's most distinguished media personalities and leaders. In 1990, the ITC made a complaint to the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development (DIAND) concerning the relocations of Inuit families. In 1953 and 1955, the Canadian Government decided to relocate families from Inukjuak in Northern Quebec to

2790-461: The meeting of the members and the declaration must be signed by at least twenty other Inuit. The board of ITK manages and supervises the management of the activities and affairs of ITK. They possess the power to borrow money on the credit of ITK; issue, reissue, sell, pledge or hypothecate debt obligations of ITK; give a guarantee on behalf of ITK to secure performance of an obligation of any person; and mortgage, hypothecate, pledge or otherwise create

2852-433: The official version of the script to restore the ai-pai-tai column. The common diphthong ai has generally been represented by combining the a form with a stand-alone letter ᐃ i. This fourth-vowel variant had been removed so that Inuktitut could be typed and printed using IBM Selectric balls in the 1970s. The reinstatement was justified on the grounds that modern printing and typesetting equipment no longer suffers

2914-425: The opportunity to do so within, at most, three years of being relocated. In 1976, the ITK proposed their first land claims to the federal government in which education reform was at the forefront of the proposal. The National Strategy on Inuit Education was launched in 2006 by Mary Simon , former President of ITK, as a national education initiative focused on improving outcomes in Inuit education and being on par with

2976-450: The organization has gone on to accomplish various Inuit priorities such as assisting in the negotiation of land claims, representing the voice of Inuit and their culture by using television, taking legal action against those who have violated their rights, and creating a programme to improve education for Inuit children. The ITK has sought to attain its goals either in cooperation with various levels of government or in opposition. Altogether,

3038-475: The population continue to speak Inuktut (the collective name for several Inuit languages and dialects), and access traditional foods through the hunting of marine mammals and caribou . ITK represents 51 communities and the 65,000 Inuit residing in Inuit Nunangat. The creation of political organizations such as the ITK and Committee for Original Peoples' Entitlement (COPE), led to the creation of 5 more organizations to represent Inuit. These organizations include

3100-469: The presidents of the four regional land claims organizations, and the presidents of National Inuit Youth Council, Pauktuutit Inuit Women of Canada, and the Inuit Circumpolar Council Canada (as observers). The ICPC has several areas of focus which include: Inuit-Crown land claims; Inuit Nunangat policy space; Inuktut revitalization, maintenance, protection, and promotion; reconciliation measures; education, early learning, and training; health and wellness;

3162-434: The region's marine and coastal areas is described in the Beaufort Sea Integrated Management Planning Initiative. Wildlife includes Arctic char , Arctic fox , beluga whale , bearded seal , bowhead whale , caribou , moose , muskox , polar bear , ringed seal , and whitefish . Migratory bird management within the ISR is handled by policies, principles, and regulations described in the Conservation of Migratory Birds in

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3224-447: The rest of Canada. It would lead to a summit in the Northwest Territories about Inuit education in 2008. The objective of the strategy is to increase the confidence of Inuit children in their language, culture and opportunities. Less than 25% of Inuit student who are enrolled in school actually graduate. They list three core areas to improve education outcomes across Inuit Nunangat: supporting children to help them stay in school; providing

3286-407: The restrictions of earlier typewriting machinery. The ai-pai-tai column is used only in Nunavik. Inuvialuit Settlement Region The Inuvialuit Settlement Region , abbreviated as ISR ( Inuinnaqtun : Inuvialuit Nunangit Sannaiqtuaq – INS ; French : Région désignée des Inuvialuit – RDI ), located in Canada's western Arctic , was designated in 1984 in the Inuvialuit Final Agreement by

3348-407: The sound financial operation and administration of ITK. The executive director's duties include those of the board and the responsibility for the day-to-day operations and management of ITK. Terry Audla was elected President of Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami on 6 June 2012. He was succeeded by Natan Obed , who was elected with 54% of the vote on 17 September 2015, in Cambridge Bay , Nunavut . Nathan Obed

3410-452: The time, objected to the Cabinets' decision because of the lack of local representation of Inuit communities.> As a result, they launched the Inukshuk Project, which targeted the Inuit population, allowing them to communicate about important issues and exchange information in their own language. From the Inukshuk Project, the Inuit Broadcasting Corporation (IBC) was created in 1980, a television broadcasting company based in Nunavut, in which

3472-415: The years as they have continued to make progress in defending Inuit rights. In the beginning the organizations main focus was on the preservation of Inuit land, throughout the 1970s and 1980s Inuit have negotiated four land claim agreements with the federal government. In 1975, the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement and Complementary Agreements (JBNQA) was reached; in 1984 the Inuvialuit Final Agreement

3534-416: Was a land claims proposal that blended elements of previous claims. In 1982, the Tunngavik Federation of Nunavut (TFN) was formed in order to take over land claims negotiations from the NLCP. In 1990, an agreement-in-principle was reached which eventually led to the 1993 ratification of the agreement via the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement and the Nunavut Act (which created the territory of Nunavut). The TFN

3596-415: Was elected to replace her and was re-elected in 2019. The Inuvialuit Settlement Region Database contains descriptions of thousands of publications and research projects about the ISR. It is maintained by the Joint Secretariat—Inuvialuit Renewable Resource Committees and the Arctic Science and Technology Information System. Funding comes from Shell Canada and MGM Energy . In the 2016 Canadian Census ,

3658-401: Was later rejected due to complexity. A further proposal was set-up by the NWT Inuit Land Claims Commission (ILCC) in 1977. This proposal was halted due to political deadlock which ultimately led to the dissolution of the ILCC. In 1979, the Nunavut Land Claims Project (NLCP) continued the land claims process. That same year's ITC meeting, members agreed to the Political Development in Nunavut. This

3720-400: Was re-elected by majority of votes for another 3-year term in 2018, in Inuvik, Northwest Territories. Inuktitut syllabics The name qaniujaaqpait [qaniujaːqpaˈit] derives from the root qaniq , meaning "mouth". The alternative, Latin-based writing system is named qaliujaaqpait ( ᖃᓕᐅᔮᖅᐸᐃᑦ ), and it derives from qaliit , a word describing the markings or

3782-503: Was reached; in 1993 the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement was settled; and finally in 2003 the Labrador Inuit Land Claims Agreement was settled. Although the importance of land claims remains an objective for ITK they have also shifted their focus on more social issues surrounding Inuit. Those include preserving culture heritage and Inuit languages and raising awareness concerning education, healthcare, environment, climate change and economic development. The creation of Inuit organization, such as

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3844-401: Was superseded by the Nunavut Tunngavik Incorporated (NTI). The NTI, along with the Nunavut Implementation Commission , worked to implement this new land claim before the actual creation of Nunavut in 1999. The creation of Nunavut Land Claims Agreement is the largest and most all-encompassing land claims and self-determination agreement in Canadian history. The goals of ITK have changed over

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