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30-508: Inaccessible Island is a volcanic island located in the South Atlantic Ocean , 31 km (19 mi) south-west of Tristan da Cunha . Its highest point, Swale's Fell, reaches 581 m (1,906 ft), and the island is 12.65 km (4.88 sq mi) in area. The volcano was last active approximately one million years ago and is now extinct . Inaccessible Island is part of the archipelago of Tristan da Cunha , which

60-474: A bird ringing programme on more than 3,000 birds. In 1997, Inaccessible Island's territorial waters out to 22 km (14 mi) were declared a nature reserve under the Tristan da Cunha Conservation Ordinance of 1976. Currently, only guides from Tristan are allowed to take visiting cruise ships to Inaccessible; most trips to the island are now made at the request of expatriates . In 2004 Inaccessible Island

90-542: Is a co-educational , private , boarding and day school in Denstone , Uttoxeter , Staffordshire , England. It is a Woodard School , having been founded by Nathaniel Woodard , and so Christian traditions are practised as part of College life. It is a member of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference . Nathaniel Woodard founded the school, originally called St Chad's College , as his flagship school in

120-623: Is a protected wildlife reserve, and both make up the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Gough and Inaccessible Islands . Inaccessible Island is home of the endemic Inaccessible Island rail , the world's smallest extant flightless bird. Inaccessible Island was discovered in January 1656 during a voyage by the Nachtglas ("the night glass"), a Dutch ship under the command of Jan Jakobszoon , 146 years after Tristan da Cunha

150-460: Is approximately 40 kilometres (22 nmi; 25 mi) to the southwest of the main island of the Tristan da Cunha archipelago. Mostly desolate and inhospitable, the island has a few small, rocky beaches that host penguins and subantarctic fur seals . Generations of sailors were wary of the difficult landing and inhospitable terrain. Inaccessible Island has been without permanent inhabitants since 1873. Along with Gough Island , Inaccessible Island

180-522: Is now located in the former Classroom Block. It is now known as The Prep at Denstone College. Denstone College is noted for carrying out the most extensive scientific exploration of Inaccessible Island , an extinct volcano in the South Atlantic. A group of 16 teachers and pupils led by Michael Swales (then Head of Biology), sailed to the island, landing on 25 October 1982 and remained on the island until 9 February 1983, apart from an excursion to

210-463: Is part of the overseas territory of the United Kingdom known as Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha . Tristan da Cunha itself is accessible only by sea via a seven-day voyage from Cape Town , South Africa , and the harbour on Inaccessible Island allows access for only a few days of the year. Access to Inaccessible Island must be granted by the local government office. The island

240-623: Is significant include northern rockhopper penguins (up to 27,000 breeding pairs), Tristan albatrosses (2–3 pairs), sooty albatrosses (200 pairs), Atlantic yellow-nosed albatrosses (1,100 pairs), broad-billed prions (up to 500,000 pairs), soft-plumaged petrels (up to 50,000 pairs), spectacled petrels , great shearwaters (up to 2 million pairs), little shearwaters (up to 50,000 pairs), white-faced storm petrels (up to 50,000 pairs), white-bellied storm petrels (up to 50,000 pairs), Antarctic terns , Inaccessible rails (up to 5,000 pairs), Tristan thrushes (1,500-7,000 individuals across

270-553: The Norwegian Scientific Expedition to Tristan da Cunha spent three weeks on the island, during which time they managed to gain access to the plateau and extensively catalogued plants, birds, and rocks. Another attempt at mapping the island was made during the Royal Society 's expedition of 1962 to Tristan da Cunha, which took scientists to Inaccessible Island. Like many other explorers before them,

300-564: The islands of the South Pacific Ocean , where low islands are found on the fringing reefs that surround most volcanic islands. Volcanic islands normally rise above a hotspot or subduction zone . Volcanic islands usually range in size between 1 and 104 square kilometres (0.4 and 40 sq mi). Islands above a certain size usually have fresh groundwater , while low islands often do not, so volcanic islands are more likely to be habitable. Many volcanic islands emerge from

330-420: The 1950s. No land mammals, reptiles, amphibians, butterflies, or snails have been found at Inaccessible. The island has 64 native plant species, including 20 types of flowering plants and 17 species of ferns . 48 invertebrate species exist on the island, 10 of which were introduced. Subantarctic fur seals and southern elephant seals have been seen at the island in increasing numbers, and cetaceans live in

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360-680: The Midlands, following earlier foundations in southern England. Work on the school began in 1868 and it opened in 1873 with 46 boys, under the direction of Edward Clarke Lowe , provost of the Midland district of the Woodard Corporation . The buildings were designed by William Slater and Richard Carpenter in the Neo-Gothic style. The school buildings, hall, chapel and war memorial are all Grade II listed . The school's chapel

390-508: The Tristan da Cunha archipelago), and Inaccessible Island finches (around 24,000 individuals). Volcanic island There are a number of volcanic islands that rise no more than 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) above sea level , often classified as islets or rocks, while some low islands, such as Banaba , Henderson Island , Makatea , Nauru , and Niue , rise over 50 metres (160 ft) above sea level. The two types of islands are often found in proximity to each other, especially among

420-443: The deep abyss of the ocean, and feature rough or mountainous landscapes in their interiors and a diverse array of summit elevations. Researchers have observed that the island will often be covered by dense tropical forest. These limit settlement on the interior of many islands, forcing communities to develop along the coast. Larger islands may have rivers, resulting in flood hazards. Rivers deliver sediment downstream, which can dominate

450-637: The flora and fauna there. The South African author Eric Rosenthal chronicled the Stoltenhoffs' adventure in 1952. The nearby Stoltenhoff Island is named for the brothers. In 1922, the Shackleton–Rowett Expedition 's ship, the Quest , stopped by Inaccessible briefly, and on-board naturalist Hubert Wilkins discovered a bird later named the Wilkins finch ( Nesospiza wilkinsi ). In 1938,

480-485: The importance of implementing effective risk mitigation plans that include nature-based solutions to improve societal safety on these islands. These involve leveraging natural processes and ecosystems to reduce hazard impacts. This can include the restoration of natural barriers like mangroves or coral reefs that protect against tsunamis and storm surges or the maintenance of natural water catchments that can mitigate flood risks. Denstone College Denstone College

510-472: The island during a voyage to the Cape of Good Hope . The Moscow-born brothers Gustav and Frederick Stoltenhoff arrived on Inaccessible from Germany in 1871 and lived there for two years intending to make a living sealing and selling their wares to passing traders, though such trade was minimal. Due to the scarcity of food, they were "overjoyed" to be rescued in 1873 during HMS  Challenger 's visit to examine

540-484: The island of Tristan da Cunha at Christmas. The members of the expedition managed to ring 3,000 birds during their stay on the island, and 17 research papers were produced. The hut that they built at Blenden Hall on the island was demolished in 2000. The exterior of the school was used as a location for the convent where Novice Joyce Fuddle lived for episode 4 of the 1985 BBC comedy series Happy Families . Denstone College also hosted Andrew "Freddie" Flintoff with

570-428: The school is the new languages and maths classroom block, titled "The Derbyshire Building", completed in 2017. The school is divided into the following houses, named after the founders and benefactors of the school: Heywood, Philips, Shrewsbury, Meynell, Woodard and Selwyn. Previously, there were two other houses, Lonsdale and Lowe, which were closed but have since been reopened. These were also named after benefactors of

600-424: The school. Denstone College opened a preparatory school in 1902, which moved in 1938 to Smallwood Manor, Marchington Woodlands . From 1959 to 1964 the headmaster was W. P. C. Davies . The school became co-educational and opened a pre-school department in 1983. It also provided boarding accommodation until 1997 but now is a day school for ages 2–11. In 2021 the preparatory school moved back to Denstone College and

630-519: The scientists were not able to reach the interior of the island. Inaccessible Island was declared a nature reserve under the Tristan da Cunha Conservation Ordinance of 1976. Tristan islanders, however, were still permitted to harvest seabirds from the island. In a 1982 expedition (16 October 1982 – 10 February 1983), students and faculty of Denstone College in England made detailed maps of the island, studied its flora, fauna, and geology, and carried out

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660-473: The shape of the coast and contribute to erosion. Tall volcanic islands are often surrounded by protective fringing or barrier reefs, creating lagoons. The unique geological and geographical characteristics of volcanic islands make them prone to many natural hazards, which are expected to worsen due to climate change . These include volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, landslides, and severe weather events like hurricanes or typhoons. Studies have highlighted

690-531: The shipwreck. They spent the next four months subsisting on wild celery, seals, penguins, and albatross. They managed to build a boat some months later. The first attempt to sail to Tristan failed, resulting in the loss of six people; the second attempt alerted the Tristanians to their plight. The remainder were then brought to Tristan, where the brig Nerina arrived about two months later and took most to Cape Town , South Africa. The other two shipwrecks are

720-525: The surrounding waters: most notably, southern right whales and a resident population of dusky dolphins . Inaccessible is the exclusive habitat of the Inaccessible Island rail , the world's smallest living flightless bird. The island has been identified as an Important Bird Area (IBA) by BirdLife International as a breeding site for seabirds and its endemic landbirds. Birds for which the IBA

750-542: The wreck of Shakespeare at Pig Beach in 1883, and Helenslea at North Point in 1897. When Corporal William Glass and his family became the first settlers at Tristan da Cunha in 1816, goats and pigs were brought to Inaccessible Island to serve as a source of food. Cattle, sheep, and dogs were introduced to the island during its history. Domestic animals helped to keep the Stoltenhoff brothers alive during their expedition. All remaining domestic animals were removed during

780-635: Was added to the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Gough Island to create a new site of Gough and Inaccessible Islands . At least three confirmed shipwrecks have occurred off the coast of the island. The first was Blenden Hall , a British ship which set sail in 1821 with 54 passengers and crew aboard, her destination Bombay . Captain Alexander Grieg intended to sail past Saint Helena , but adverse currents carried her to Tristan da Cunha. She got caught in seaweed, and on 22 July, drifted aground on Inaccessible Island. All but two of those aboard survived

810-529: Was built in 1879–87 by Carpenter and Benjamin Ingelow in a late 13th-century Gothic style; it consists of a four-bay nave with a polygonal apse. Land for the school was given by Sir Thomas Percival Heywood who owned the nearby Riverside Doveleys mansion. Sir Thomas was the school's first bursar. The war memorial, representing St George , stands in the Lonsdale quadrangle and was unveiled in 1925. The design

840-477: Was by Sir Aston Webb and Son and the sculptor Alfred Drury . In the chapel is the provost’s Cross (an processional iron cross carried before the provost on formal occasions) which was a gift to the college by Pope Shenouda III , The Coptic Pope of Alexandria in Egypt. Day boys and girls were admitted in 1976, with girls’ boarding launched in two houses in 1981. A Royal and Ancient-accredited nine-hole golf course

870-522: Was first sighted by Portuguese sailors. Jakobszoon originally named it "Nachtglas" island. There are two explanations for the name "Inaccessible" Island. One is that on maps the newly found island was referred to as "inaccessible" because the Dutch crew who landed were not able to reach its interior. The other claims that French captain d'Etcheverry renamed the island in 1778 after not being able to land. In 1803, US sailors led by Amasa Delano made landfall on

900-417: Was opened in 1992, a new sports hall in 2000 and the schoolroom was completely refurbished as a modern theatre in 2003. A purpose-built music school and additional classrooms were completed in 2010. A further classroom block and the new sports pavilion and complex were completed in 2012, followed by a new library in 2014 and a university-style extension to girls boarding accommodation. The most recent addition to

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