Independence II was a Paleo-Eskimo culture that flourished in northern and northeastern Greenland from around 700 to 80 BC, north and south of the Independence Fjord . The Independence II culture existed in roughly the same areas of Greenland as the Independence I culture , which became extinct six centuries before the beginning of Independence II.
18-548: Independence II is attested in northern Greenland by settlements on central Peary Land . There, it is estimated that the Independence II population was of no more than four to six families, and that it must therefore have been in contact with people of Ellesmere island in Canada or with people in north-eastern Greenland. It has been argued that there is virtually no difference in the material cultures of Independence II and
36-640: A museum, with a collection of artefacts from polar explorations. In 1993 zinc and lead deposits were discovered in the Citronen Fjord . They are deemed the largest yet unexploited zinc deposits in the world, and the exploitation of the Citronen mine is in the preparation phase. Important zinc and barium deposits have also been found at Navarana Fjord . Peary Land is bounded by the Lincoln Sea (west of Cape Morris Jesup) and Wandel Sea of
54-646: Is a fjord in Peary Land , far northern Greenland . It is named after an Inuit woman. In 1984 important zinc and barium deposits were discovered in the Navarana Fjord. Australian Ironbark Zinc corporation was granted an exploration licence in 2007. This fjord was mapped by Danish Arctic explorer Eigil Knuth during the Danish Peary Land Expedition of 1947–1950. It was named after Navarana Mequpaluk (died 1921),
72-486: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Greenland -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This article relating to archaeology is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Peary Land Peary Land is a peninsula in northern Greenland , extending into the Arctic Ocean . It reaches from Victoria Fjord in the west to Independence Fjord in
90-425: Is a peninsula. There are more than 200 kilometers of dry land up to 1500 meters high between Nordenskiöld Fjord and Independence Fjord. There are two Arctic research stations on Jørgen Brønlund Fjord , Brønlundhus (erected in 1948) and Cape Harald Moltke (erected in 1972). Both stations were built on the initiative of Eigil Knuth and have been the basis for many scientific expeditions. Cape Harald Moltke station
108-611: Is only a bit more than 700 kilometres (435 mi) south of the North Pole . Peary Land is not covered by an ice cap because the air is too dry to produce snow. Precipitation levels are so low (only about 25 millimetres (1 in) per year) that most of its surface is polar desert . Located mostly north of the 82°N parallel , it contains the most northerly ice-free region of the world, mostly in Southern Peary Land (such as Melville Land and Herlufsholm Strand ) on
126-498: The Arctic Ocean in the north. Oodaaq island, the northernmost point of land of the world, lies off the north coast. Frederick E. Hyde Fjord , which cuts into Peary Land from the east 150 kilometres (93 mi) deep, divides it into Northern Peary Land and Southern Peary Land. Cape Eiler Rasmussen is the easternmost point. The coastline is deeply indented by smaller fjords , such as G.B. Schley Fjord and Hellefisk Fjord in
144-640: The Navarana Fjord Glacier, at the head of the fjord discharging from the southeast. Geologically this fjord is located in the Paleozoic Franklinian Basin . Navarana Fjord is part of an escarpment at the northern edge of a Silurian limestone shelf with a fault running for 500 km (310 mi) reaching Nyeboe Land . Sisamatispongia is a genus of fossil sponges whose spicules are only recorded from Navarana Fjord. This Greenland location article
162-569: The area around Jørgen Brønlund Fjord . Other fauna includes Arctic fox , polar wolf , polar bear , and Arctic hare . In former times there were also caribou , but the last live caribou reported from Northern Greenland were seen in Hall Land in 1922. The flora includes 33 species of flowering plants. One to two million years ago, when climates were warmer, trees such as larch , black spruce , birch , yew , and thuja grew in northernmost Peary Land. Navarana Fjord Navarana Fjord
180-476: The contemporary Dorset culture in southern Greenland, locally known as Dorset I. Those who lump these two entities together refer to them jointly as Greenlandic Dorset . Unlike Independence II, to the south, Dorset I persisted to at least AD 800. Danish explorer Eigil Knuth first recognised the existence of Independence I and II. This article relating to the Indigenous peoples of North America
198-709: The east, and Sands Fjord , Benedict Fjord , J.P. Koch Fjord , De Long Fjord and Weyprecht Fjord in the west. Børglum River , the largest river in Greenland, is located in Peary Land. Peary Land is not part of any municipality but belongs to the Northeast Greenland National Park . The size of the region is about 375 kilometres (233 mi) from east to west and 200 kilometres (124 mi) from north to south, with an estimated area of 57,000 square kilometres (22,008 sq mi). It
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#1732764772009216-479: The junction about 45 km (28 mi) east of the mouth in the southern shore. The fjord runs roughly southwards in the middle fjord zone, deeply dividing the Freuchen Land Peninsula. It is about 40 km (25 mi) in length and high mountains rise on both sides of the shore, with impressive up to 1,300 m (4,300 ft) high cliffs in some places. There is a fairly large glacier ,
234-471: The northern side of Independence Fjord . It was not covered by glaciers during the most recent ice age. However, in its western part, there is the Hans Tausen Ice Cap with ice at least 344 metres (1,129 ft) thick. Peary Land is mountainous; the highest elevation is Helvetia Tinde reaching up to 1,929 m (6,329 ft) in the heavily glaciated and little-explored Roosevelt Range ,
252-528: The northernmost mountain range in the world. The 1,737 m (5,699 ft) high Wistar Bjerg in the Nordkrone and the 1,433 m (4,701 ft) high Stjernebannertinde , highest point of the H.H. Benedict Range (a subrange of the Roosevelt Range), Musk oxen and Peary Land collared lemmings are supported by the sparse vegetation, which covers only about 5% of the surface, mostly in
270-430: The south and southeast, and to the Arctic Ocean in the north, with Cape Morris Jesup , the northernmost point of Greenland's mainland, and Cape Bridgman in the northeast. Peary Land was historically inhabited by three separate cultures, during which times the climate was milder than presently: The area is named after Robert E. Peary , who first explored it during his expedition of 1891 to 1892. Originally, Peary Land
288-517: The wife of Arctic explorer Peter Freuchen (1886–1957). Navarana had died at Upernavik in 1921 just before joining the Fifth Thule Expedition with her husband. Her death came at the time of the influenza epidemic that ravaged indigenous populations in Greenland in the early 1920s. Navarana Fjord is located in the northeastern part of Freuchen Land , western Peary Land. It is the only significant branch of J.P. Koch Fjord , with
306-573: Was believed to be an island, separated from the main island by the so-called Peary Channel , an assumed connection between Nordenskiöld Fjord and Independence Fjord which in fact did not exist. Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen (1872–1907), the ill-fated leader of the Denmark expedition , searched in vain for the Peary Channel in 1907 and was misled to his death by existing maps. Knud Rasmussen 's First Thule Expedition confirmed in 1912 that Peary Land
324-436: Was built later in connection with use of the natural runway east of Jørgen Brønlund Fjord mouth. The stations are located 10 km from each other on either side of the fjord, with Brønlundhus on the western side, and communication between them in summer is by boat, depending on ice conditions. Since the death of Eigil Knuth, the stations have been administered by Peary Land Foundation. Today, Brønlundhus can be characterised as
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