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36-502: The medal was initially sanctioned for award to troops who had been engaged in action against the mutineers. However, in 1868 the award was extended to all those who had borne arms or who had been under fire, including such people as members of the Indian judiciary and the Indian civil service, who were caught up in the fighting. Some 290,000 medals were awarded. In 1862, the 95th (Derbyshire) Regiment of Foot 's mascot, Private Derby, received

72-609: A division from five miles away and poured reinforcements into the entire line, reducing the Russians' advantage in numbers. The dense fog precluded effective control by senior commanders, leading to fighting amongst units smaller than a company in size. Figes called it a 'soldier's battle'. Though still in control of the heights around Sevastopol, the British and French casualties were such that any further attack on Sevastopol would require reinforcements. Alexander Kinglake obtained

108-514: A highly aggressive officer. Pennefather did not know that he was facing a superior Russian force. Thus he abandoned Evans' plan of falling back to draw the Russians within range of the British field artillery which was hidden behind Home Hill. Instead, Pennefather ordered his 2,700 strong division to attack. When they did so, the Second Division faced some 15,300 Russian soldiers. Russian guns bombarded Home Hill, but there were no troops on

144-611: A result of the 1868 extension of eligibility. * 95th (Derbyshire) Regiment of Foot The 95th (Derbyshire) Regiment of Foot was a British Army infantry regiment , raised in 1823. Under the Childers Reforms , it amalgamated with the 45th (Nottinghamshire) (Sherwood Foresters) Regiment of Foot to form the Sherwood Foresters in 1881. The regiment was raised by General Sir Colin Halkett as

180-597: Is an Inkerman Street in Mosman [1] , Australia, in at the end of Countess St. There is also an Inkerman Street in St Kilda, Victoria , Australia, in between Balaclava Rd and Alma Rd. Inkerman, a locality in South Australia, was named in 1856. There is also an Inkerman, New Brunswick and an Inkerman, Ontario named after the battle. On the popular and long running Granada Television soap opera Coronation Street,

216-1229: The 95th Regiment of Foot , in response to the threat posed by the French intervention in Spain , on 1 December 1823. It embarked for Malta in March 1824 and was given a territorial designation as the 95th (Derbyshire) Regiment of Foot in December 1825. It then sailed on to the Ionian Islands in January 1830; the headquarters was initially established in Corfu but moved to Vido in December 1831. The headquarters went back to Corfu in May 1832, to Cephalonia in April 1833 and back to Corfu again in June 1834. The regiment embarked for home in December 1834. The regiment embarked for Ceylon in October 1838;

252-656: The Cardwell Reforms of the 1870s, where single-battalion regiments were linked together to share a single depot and recruiting district in the United Kingdom, the 95th was linked with the 54th (West Norfolk) Regiment of Foot , and assigned to district no. 26 at Normanton Barracks in Derbyshire . On 1 July 1881 the Childers Reforms came into effect and the regiment amalgamated with the 45th (Nottinghamshire) (Sherwood Foresters) Regiment of Foot to form

288-606: The Sherwood Foresters . The regiment's battle honours were as follows: Colonels of the Regiment were: Regimental titles in italics indicate they were disbanded or renumbered before 1881. Battle of Inkerman The Battle of Inkerman was fought during the Crimean War on 5 November 1854 between the allied armies of Britain and France against the Imperial Russian Army. The battle broke

324-535: The Tchernaya River on 4 November 1854. On 5 November 1854, the Russian 10th Division, under Lt. General F. I. Soymonov  [ ru ] , launched a heavy attack on the allied right flank atop Home Hill east from the Russian position on Shell Hill. The assault was made by two columns of 35,000 men and 134 field artillery guns of the Russian 10th Division. When combined with other Russian forces in

360-551: The British. Instead, he awaited the arrival of his own reinforcements—General Pavlov's men who were making their way toward the Inkerman battlefield in four different prong attacks from the north. However, the British reinforcements arrived in the form of the Light Division which came up and immediately launched a counterattack along the left flank of the Russian front, forcing the Russians back. During this fighting Soymonov

396-591: The French commander François Certain Canrobert could not agree on a plan of attack. Instead, they resolved to march around the city, and put Sevastopol under siege. Toward this end the allies marched to the southern coast of the Crimean peninsula and established a supply port at the city of Balaclava . However, before the siege of Sevastopol began, the Russian commander Prince Menshikov evacuated Sevastopol with

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432-516: The Indian Mutiny Medal at Poona. The obverse depicts the diademed head of a young Queen Victoria with the legend VICTORIA REGINA , designed by William Wyon . The reverse shows a helmeted Britannia holding a wreath in her right hand and a union shield on her left arm. She is standing in front of a lion. Above is the word INDIA , with the dates 1857–1858 below. The reverse was designed by Leonard Charles Wyon , who also engraved

468-579: The Inkerman Bridge to cover the crossing of Russian troop reinforcements under Lt. General P. Ya. Pavlov  [ ru ] . Thus, Soymonov could not effectively employ all of his troops in the attack. When dawn broke, Soymonov attacked the British positions on Home Hill with 6,300 men from the Kolyvansky, Ekaterinburg and Tomsky regiments. Soymonov also had a further 9,000 in reserve. The British had strong pickets and had ample warning of

504-523: The Russian attack despite the early morning fog. The pickets, some of them at company strength, engaged the Russians as they moved to attack. The firing in the valley also gave warning to the rest of the Second Division, who rushed to their defensive positions. De Lacy Evans , commander of the British Second Division, had been injured in a fall from his horse so command of the Second Division was taken up by Major-General John Pennefather ,

540-469: The Russian attack. Those Russian troops that survived were pushed back at bayonet point. Eventually, the Russian infantry were pushed all the way back to their own artillery positions. The Russians launched a second attack, also on the Second Division's left flank, but this time in much larger numbers and led by Soymonov himself. Captain Hugh Rowlands, in charge of the British pickets, reported that

576-583: The Russian naval base at Sevastopol . The allied armies fought off and defeated the Russian Army at the Battle of Alma , forcing them to retreat in some confusion toward the River Kacha. While the allies could have taken this opportunity to attack Sevastopol before Sevastopol could be put into a proper state of defence, the allied commanders, British general FitzRoy Somerset, 1st Baron Raglan and

612-421: The Russians charged "with the most fiendish yells you can imagine." At this point, after the second attack, the British position was incredibly weak. If Soymonov had known the condition of the British, he would have ordered a third attack before the British reinforcements arrived. Such a third attack might well have succeeded, but Soymonov could not see in the fog and thus did not know of the desperate situation of

648-529: The area, the Russian attacking force would form a formidable army of some 42,000 men. The initial Russian assault was to be received by the British Second Division dug in on Home Hill with only 2,700 men and 12 guns. Both Russian columns moved in a flanking fashion east towards the British. They hoped to overwhelm this portion of the Allied army before reinforcements could arrive. The fog of

684-440: The crest at this point. The Russian infantry, advancing through the fog, were met by the advancing Second Division, who opened fire with their Pattern 1851 Enfield rifles, whereas the Russians were still armed with smoothbore muskets . The Russians were forced into a bottleneck owing to the shape of the valley, and came out on the Second Division's left flank. The Minié balls of the British rifles proved deadly accurate against

720-516: The die of the medal. The 1.25 inches (32 mm) wide ribbon is white with two scarlet stripes, with each stripe of equal width. The recipient's name and unit is impressed on the rim of the medal in block Roman capitals . Five clasps were authorised, though the maximum awarded to any one man was four. The clasps read downwards from the top of the medal. The medal was issued without a clasp to those who served, but were not present during these major operations. The majority of these awards were made as

756-514: The early morning hours aided the Russians by hiding their approach. Not all the Russian troops could fit on the narrow 300-metre-wide heights of Shell Hill. Accordingly, General Soymonov had followed Prince Alexander Menshikov 's directive and deployed some of his force around the Careenage Ravine. Furthermore, on the night before the attack, Soymonov was ordered by General Peter A. Dannenberg to send part of his force north and east to

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792-585: The earthwork of the Great Redoubt . The regiment lost some 20 officers and some 180 other ranks in the battle. The regiment sustained further losses at the Battle of Inkerman in November 1854 and Major John Champion, who commanded the regiment during the battle, was killed in action. The regiment was also present at the Sevastopol in winter 1854: the regiment continued to sustain losses caused by

828-674: The entrenched town of Rowa in January 1858: Private Bernard McQuirt was awarded the Victoria Cross for his part in the action. It went on to take part in a skirmish at Kotah-ke-Serai in June 1858 during which the rebel leader, Rani of Jhansi , was killed. It also took part in the recapture of Gwalior later that month as well as several other actions during the Central Indian campaign . The regiment remained in India until October 1870 when it sailed for England. As part of

864-582: The extreme cold and rampant disease. This led to the comment that: "there may be few of the 95th left but those few are as hard as nails." The regiment embarked for home in June 1856. The regiment embarked for the Cape of Good Hope in June 1857 but, within days of arriving in September 1857, it was sent on to India to help suppress the Indian Rebellion . The regiment took part in the capture of

900-462: The firing intensified, and Cathcart was shot from his horse and killed as he led 50 men of the 20th Regiment of Foot up a hill ( Cathcart's Hill ), leaving his troops disorganized and the attack was broken up. This gave the Russian army an opportunity to gain a crest on the ridge. However, as the Russian troops were coming up, they were attacked and driven off by newly arrived soldiers from the French camps. The French, with marvelous rapidity, brought up

936-563: The form of the loan of boats and trips for convalescents. The regiment embarked for home in March 1850. The regiment embarked for Turkey in March 1854 for service in the Crimean War . It sailed on to Kalamita Bay in September 1854 and advanced under heavy Russian fire at the Battle of Alma later that month. Due to the heavy casualties suffered in this attack the Regimental colours , normally carried by an ensign , were seized by Private James Keenan: he planted them triumphantly on

972-493: The headquarters was initially established at Colombo but moved to Kandy in September 1841 and reverted to Colombo in January 1844. While in Colombo the regiment suffered from a serious epidemic of cholera : at least 63 soldiers died. The regiment transferred to Hong Kong in March 1847. In autumn 1848 the regiment lost nearly 40% of its strength to fever : representatives of Jardine Matheson provided extensive support in

1008-491: The major portion of his field army, leaving only a garrison to defend the city. On 25 October 1854, a superior Russian force attacked the British base at Balaclava , and although the Russian attack was foiled before it could reach the base, the Russians were left holding a strong position north of the British line. Balaclava revealed the allied weakness; their siege lines were so long they did not have sufficient troops to man them. Realising this, Menshikov launched an attack across

1044-537: The offensive, but confusion reigned. The Duke requested him to fill the 'gap' on the left of the Guards, to prevent them from being isolated; when Cathcart asked Pennefather where to help, Pennefather replied "Everywhere.", so Cathcart dispersed his men in different directions, until about 400 men were left. Quartermaster general Richard Airey, 1st Baron Airey told to "Support the Brigade of Guards. Do not descend or leave

1080-840: The official casualty returns for the battle. By his account allied casualties were: 2,573 British, of whom 635 were killed, and 1,800 French, of whom 175 were killed. Russia lost 3,286 killed within a total (including men taken prisoner) of 11,959 casualties. The battle popularised the use of the name Inkerman in placenames in Victorian England, including Inkerman Road in Kentish Town , London, Inkerman Road, St Albans , Inkerman Street in Preston , Inkerman Way in Knaphill , and Inkerman Court, House and Way in Denby Dale . There

1116-545: The other down the hill, only to be counter-attacked by another group of men from further up the hill." Pierre Bosquet 's Zouaves , called upon by Raglan earlier, then overwhelmed the Russians, driving the Tarutinsky Regiment from Sandbag Battery and onward to St. Clement's Ravine, before the Zouaves joined the British on Home Ridge. Dannenberg , leading Pavolv's Okhotsky, Yakutsky and Selenginsky regiments, with

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1152-428: The plateau... Those are Lord Raglan's orders." Cathcart moved his men to the right. The courage of Cathcart and his men had the unexpected effect of encouraging other British units to charge the Russians. However, the flanking troops were caught in the rear by an unexpected Russian counter-attack, during which Cathcart, believing that the Guards had mistaken them for Russians, ordered his men to remove their greatcoats, but

1188-638: The problem. At seven o'clock, Pavlov's Okhotsky, Yakutsky and Selenginsky regiments crossed the Chernaia , joining Soimonov's men. Pavlov's Tarutinsky's regiments engaged Adams' 700 men at the Sandbag Battery, forcing them retreat to Home Ridge. The Grenadiers under the command of the Duke of Cambridge arrived and initiated a new assault on Sandbag Battery. In the words of Figes, "The fighting became increasingly frenzied and chaotic, as one side charged

1224-537: The remnants of Soimonov's, then attacked the Sandbag Battery, while George Cathcart 's 4th Division six companies attacked the ridge by Sandbag Battery. Stunned by the French arrival, the Russians retreated to Shell Hill., where they came under fire from the British two 18-pounders. Dannenberg then ordered a retreat, and the Russians fled in panic. When the British Fourth Division arrived under General George Cathcart , they were finally able to go on

1260-545: The will of the Russian Army to defeat the allies in the field, and was followed by the Siege of Sevastopol . The role of troops fighting mostly on their own initiative due to the foggy conditions during the battle has earned the engagement the name "The Soldier's Battle." The allied armies of Britain, France, Sardinia, and the Ottoman Empire had landed on the west coast of Crimea on 14 September 1854, intending to capture

1296-463: Was killed by a British rifleman. Russian command was immediately taken up by Colonel Pristovoitov, who was himself shot a few minutes later. Colonel Uvazhnov-Aleksandrov assumed command of the Russian forces but was also killed in the withering British fire. At this point, no officer seemed keen to take up command and Captain Andrianov was sent off on his horse to consult with various generals about

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