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33-751: INPhO is conducted on the last Sunday of January, every year, by the Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education . School students (usually of standards 11 and 12 albeit special cases prevail) first need to qualify the National Standard Examination in Physics (NSEP) held on the last (or second last) Sunday of November of the preceding year. Among over 40,000 students appearing for the examination at almost 1400 centres across India, around 300 to 400 students are selected for INPhO based on their scores and also based on regional quotas for

66-470: A democratic society. Comparisons of the views of citizens and scientists by the Pew Research Center suggest that they hold very different positions on a range of science, engineering and technology-related issues. Both citizens and scientists rate K–12 STEM education in the U.S. poorly. The interdependence of humans and our natural environment is at the heart of scientific literacy in

99-624: A greater emphasis put on grades. Students begin to feel that they are achieving less which causes them to lose motivation in the classroom and student participation drops. It has been well documented that students who retain high motivation for learning will have a more positive attitude toward the subject. Studies of college students' attitudes about learning physics suggest that these attitudes may be divided into categories of real world connections, personal connections, conceptual connections, student effort and problem-solving. The decision-making aspect of science literacy suggests further attitudes about

132-810: Is India's nodal centre for Olympiad programmes in mathematics , physics , chemistry , biology and astronomy . Another major program of HBCSE is the National Initiative on Undergraduate Science (NIUS). HBCSE runs a graduate school in science and mathematics education. Students admitted to HBCSE Graduate School work for the degree of Ph.D. in Science Education, which is a degree of TIFR (Deemed University). Scientific literacy Scientific literacy or science literacy encompasses written , numerical , and digital literacy as they pertain to understanding science , its methodology , observations , and theories . Scientific literacy

165-520: Is a National Centre of the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai , India. The broad goals of the institute are to promote equity and excellence in science and mathematics education from primary school to undergraduate college level, and encourage the growth of scientific literacy in the country . To these ends it carries out a wide spectrum of inter-related activities, which may be viewed under three broad categories: It

198-537: Is a human process carried out in a social context, which makes it relevant as a part of our science education. In order for people to make evidence-informed decision, everyone should seek to improve their scientific literacy. Relevant research has suggested ways to promote scientific literacy to students more efficiently. Programs to promote scientific literacy among students abound, including several programs sponsored by technology companies, as well as quiz bowls and science fairs. A partial list of such programs includes

231-641: Is chiefly concerned with an understanding of the scientific method , units and methods of measurement , empiricism and understanding of statistics in particular correlations and qualitative versus quantitative observations and aggregate statistics , as well as a basic understanding of core scientific fields, such as physics , chemistry , biology , ecology , geology and computation . The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) Framework (2015) defines scientific literacy as "the ability to engage with science-related issues, and with

264-462: Is defined as one who has the capacity to: Scientific literacy may also be defined in language similar to the definitions of ocean literacy, Earth science literacy and climate literacy. Thus a scientifically literate person can: Finally, scientific literacy may involve particular attitudes toward learning and using science. Scientifically-literate citizens are capable of researching matters of fact for themselves. Reforms in science education in

297-486: Is given to the theory exam, and 40% (160 marks) to the practical one, akin to that at the International Physics Olympiad . The difficulty level is similar to that found in the international olympiad. Topics such as relativity and thermodynamics, absent/not stressed upon in most Indian schools are covered. The syllabus is equivalent to that of IPhO. A PDC (Pre-Departure training camp for physics)

330-516: Is held to (rigorously) train the five-student team, for 10–14 days, prior to IPhO, in experiment and theory. Qualification for OCSC assures students of direct entry into the B.Sc. (Honors) Math and Physics program at the CMI . Besides that, Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education 19°02′32″N 72°55′42″E  /  19.042337°N 72.928266°E  / 19.042337; 72.928266 Homi Bhabha Centre for Science Education (HBCSE)

363-462: Is learned by the time a student graduates from high school. Science literacy has always been an important element of the standards movement in education. All science literacy documents have been drafted with the explicit intent of influencing educational standards, as a means to drive curriculum, teaching, assessment, and ultimately, learning nationwide. Moreover, scientific literacy provides an important basis for making informed social decisions. Science

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396-800: Is seen as a human right and a working knowledge of science and its role in society is seen as a requirement for responsible members of society , one that helps average people to make better decisions and enrich their lives. In the United States, this change in emphasis can be noted in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with the publication of Science for All Americans and Benchmarks for Science Literacy . The National Science Education Standards (1996) defined scientific literacy as "the knowledge and understanding of scientific concepts and processes required for personal decision making, participation in civic and cultural affairs, and economic productivity". In addition, it emphasized that scientific literacy

429-645: The Global Challenge Award , the National Ocean Sciences Bowl and Action Bioscience. Some organizations have attempted to compare the scientific literacy of adults in different countries. The OECD found that scientific literacy in the United States is not measurably different from the OECD average. Science News reports "The new U.S. rate, based on questionnaires administered in 2008, is seven percentage points behind Sweden,

462-602: The IIT-JEE and the IPHO , at the same time. The selected team of 8 students, for APhO, must attend a 5 day long training camp prior to APhO, where topics such as relativity and thermodynamics, absent/not stressed upon in most Indian schools, are covered. The team also undergoes training in experiments. The syllabus is equivalent to the syllabus of IPhO (Same as that of APhO). The top 40 students (20 each, Group A & Group B), based solely on their INPhO scores are selected to attend

495-541: The atmosphere , and climate. Earth science literacy is one of the types of literacy defined for Earth systems; the qualities of an Earth science literate person are representative of the qualities for all the Earth system literacy definitions. According to the Earth Science Literacy Initiative, an Earth-science-literate person: All types of literacy in Earth systems have a definition like

528-579: The Chemistry Literacy Project includes environmental and social justice. Technological literacy is defined in a three-dimensional coordinate space; on the knowledge axis, it is noted that technology can be risky, and that it "reflects the values and culture of society". Energy literacy boasts several websites, including one associated with climate literacy. Attitudes about science can have a significant effect on scientific literacy. In education theory , understanding of content lies in

561-489: The Earth systems. As defined by nationwide consensus among scientists and educators, this literacy has two key parts. First, a literate person is defined, in language that echoes the above definition of scientific literacy. Second, a set of concepts are listed, organized into six to nine big ideas or essential principles. This defining process was undertaken first for ocean literacy, then for the Great Lakes , estuaries ,

594-733: The IPHO year and cannot have passed Class 12. Past participants in IPHO or APHO are eligible for INPHO directly. The exam has 60 multiple-choice questions (48 single-correct and 12 multi-correct), with a 2-hour time limit. It's held on the last Sunday of November, and the top 400 students (200 each, group A & group B) advance to the Indian National Physics Olympiad (INPHO). The syllabus aligns broadly with up to CBSE Standard 12 Physics. It's organized at two levels Group A (Class 12) and Group B (Class 10 & 11). INPHO consists of, usually, about 6 subjective problems, which

627-665: The Orientation cum Selection camp (OCSC), a 14-day long camp held at HBCSE , Mumbai. However, in 2014–15, HBCSE being busy in the organisation of IPhO 2015, India, OCSC was organised by IAPT, and held in New Delhi.Dates are usually from the end of May to the start of June. The team for the International Physics Olympiad is selected based on a rigorous procedure of theory and practical examinations (Normally, 3 each) at OCSC Physics.60% (240 marks) weightage

660-681: The United States have often been driven by strategic challenges such as the launch of the Sputnik satellite in 1957 and the Japanese economic boom in the 1980s. The phrase science literacy was popularized by Paul Hurd in 1958, when he charged that the immediate problem in education was "one of closing the gap between the wealth of scientific achievement and the poverty of scientific literacy in America". For Hurd, rapid innovation in science and technology demanded an education "appropriate for meeting

693-475: The above. Ocean literacy is further defined as "understanding our impact on the ocean and the ocean's impact on us". Similarly, the climate literacy website includes a guiding principle for decision making; "humans can take action to reduce climate change and its impacts". Each type of Earth systems literacy then defines the concepts students should understand upon graduation from high school. Current educational efforts in Earth systems literacy tend to focus more on

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726-438: The challenges of an emerging scientific revolution." Underlying Hurd's call was the idea "that some mastery of science is essential preparation for modern life." Initial definitions of science literacy included elaborations of the content that people should understand, often following somewhat traditional lines ( biology , chemistry , physics ). Earth science was somewhat narrowly defined as expanded geological processes. In

759-433: The cognitive domain, while attitudes lie in the affective domain. Thus, negative attitudes, such as fear of science, can act as an affective filter and an impediment to comprehension and future learning goals. In the United States, student attitudes toward science are known to decline beginning in fourth grade and continue to decline through middle and high school. This beginning of negative feelings about science stems from

792-463: The decade after those initial documents, ocean scientists and educators revised the notion of science literacy to include more contemporary, systems-oriented views of the natural world, leading to scientific literacy programs for the ocean , climate , earth science , and so on. Since the 1950s, scientific literacy has increasingly emphasized scientific knowledge being as socially situated and heavily influenced by personal experience. Science literacy

825-599: The ideas of science, as a reflective citizen." A scientifically literate person, therefore, is willing to engage in reasoned discourse about science and technology which requires the competencies to: According to the United States National Center for Education Statistics, "scientific literacy is the knowledge and understanding of scientific concepts and processes required for personal decision making, participation in civic and cultural affairs, and economic productivity". A scientifically literate person

858-686: The observations and hypotheses of scientific discovery are part of a communally shared process; that ideas are important, not the status of the person who voices them; that what matters is disinterested evidence, not desired outcomes; and that statements that go beyond observations should be subject to testing. More recently, calls for "scientific literacy" have identified misinformation and disinformation as dangers. They suggest that civic science literacy, digital media science literacy, and cognitive science literacy are all important components of education, if individuals are to be scientifically informed and engage in individual and collective decision-making in

891-650: The only European nation to exceed the Americans. The U.S. figure is slightly higher than that for Denmark, Finland, Norway and the Netherlands. And it’s double the 2005 rate in the United Kingdom (and the collective rate for the European Union)." University educators are attempting to develop reliable instruments to measure scientific literacy, and the use of concept inventories is increasing in

924-723: The scientific concepts than on the decision-making aspect of literacy, but environmental action remains as a stated goal. The theme of science in a socially-relevant context appears in many discussions of scientific literacy. Ideas that turn up in the life sciences include an allusion to ecological literacy , the "well-being of earth". Robin Wright, a writer for Cell Biology Education , laments "will [undergraduates'] misunderstandings or lack of knowledge about science imperil our democratic way of life and national security?" A discussion of physics literacy includes energy conservation , ozone depletion and global warming . The mission statement of

957-570: The state of the world, one's responsibility for its well-being and one's sense of empowerment to make a difference. These attitudes may be important measures of science literacy, as described in the case of ocean literacy. In the K–12 classroom, learning standards do not commonly address the affective domain due to the difficulty in developing teaching strategies and in assessing student attitude. Many modern teaching strategies have been shown to have positive impacts on student attitudes toward science including

990-531: The states from which they appear. Different state-wise cut-offs exist for selection to INPhO. INPhO serves as a means to select students for OCSC (Orientation Cum Selection Camp) in Physics, as well as to represent India in the Asian Physics Olympiad (APhO) . The National Standard Examination in Physics (NSEP) is a national exam for students in grades 10-12. It's used to shortlist students for INPHO. Students must be under 20 years old by June 30 of

1023-403: The students must solve in 3 hours. Use of a non-programmable scientific calculator is usually allowed, as long as it has less than 4 lines in its display, no graphing feature and no CAS-like functionality. The total marks vary each year. Earlier, the syllabus matched that of IPHO, but now, it is broadly equivalent to the syllabus of NSEP. It was changed for the convenience of students studying for

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1056-472: The use of student-centered instruction , innovative learning strategies and utilizing a variety of teaching techniques. Project-based learning has also been shown to improve student attitudes about a subject and improve their scientific processing skills. Teachers can use Likert scales or differential scales to determine and monitor changes in student attitudes towards science and science learning. Proponents of scientific literacy tend to focus on what

1089-512: Was not simply a matter of remembering specific scientific content. It involved the development of key abilities or skills. "Scientific literacy means that a person can ask, find, or determine answers to questions derived from curiosity about everyday experiences. It means that a person has the ability to describe, explain, and predict natural phenomena." Some emphasize the importance of an underlying "ethos" that makes it possible to participate in scientific debates and communities. Key norms are that

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